Evaluation of early maturing cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) germplasm for variation in phosphorus use efficiency and biological nitrogen fixation potential with indigenous rhizobial populations

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ABAIDOO ◽  
M. O. DARE ◽  
S. KILLANI ◽  
A. OPOKU
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Total N ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

SUMMARYCowpea genotypes that efficiently utilize phosphorus (P) with high potential for biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) are vital to sustainable cropping systems in West Africa. A total of 175 early maturing cowpea genotypes were evaluated in 2010 and 2011 for P use efficiency (PUE) and BNF with an indigenous rhizobial population at Shika in the Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. There were significant genotypic variations for all 11 variables measured. The P utilization index, percentage N derived from the atmosphere and total N fixed ranged between 2·10–4·67, 31·3–61·86% and 11·86–50 kg/ha, respectively. The 175 early maturing cowpea genotypes were divided into five categories using principal component analysis (PCA), whereby total N fixed was associated with N and P uptake and plant biomass yield. Complete linkage cluster analysis revealed a total of three distinctive clusters having remarkable correspondence with the PCA. Some genotypes were identified as potential candidates for further breeding programmes using high PUE genotypes with relatively high capacity for BNF and indigenous rhizobial populations.

Biochemical Composition and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Some Mixtures

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (07) ◽  
pp. 4694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viliana Vasileva ◽  
Anna Ilieva
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Use Efficiency

In pot trial the biochemical composition and phosphorus use efficiency of birdsfoot trefoil, sainfoin and subterranean clover grown pure and in mixtures with perennial ryegrass in the next ratios were studied in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria: birdsfoot trefoil + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); sainfoin + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (50:50%); birdsfoot trefoil + subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (33:33:33%); sainfoin + subterranean clover + perennial ryegrass (33:33:33%). The highest crude protein content was found in the aboveground mass of birdsfoot trefoil (19.17%) and sainfoin (19.30%). The water soluble sugars contents in mixtures was found higher compared to the pure grown legumes. Birdsfoot trefoil showed the highest phosphorus use efficiency for plant biomass accumulation and nodules formation. In mixtures the phosphorus use efficiency was found be higher as compared to the same in pure grown legumes.

scholarly journals Dry matter production and nitrogen utilization in cropping systems with grass, lucerne and maize. 2. Nitrogen yield and utilization.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
J.H.J. Spiertz ◽  
L. Sibma
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
After Effect ◽  
Use Efficiency

The N yield and the N use efficiency were studied in a 3-year experiment with various cropping systems of Lolium perenne, Medicago sativa and maize. N yields of L. perenne and maize were about 450 and 200 kg/ha, resp. N yields of M. sativa ranged from about 400 to 600 kg/ha depending on crop age and weather conditions. N fixation rates of M. sativa were assessed in 1982 and ranged from 107 to 507 kg/ha for high (450 kg N/ha) and no N fertilization, resp. The after-effects of 1-, 2- and 3-year crops of L. perenne, M. sativa and maize on the DM and N yields of a test crop of maize were measured. Depending on the age of the preceding L. perenne crop, annually supplied with 450 kg N/ha, the N after-effects ranged from 120 to 175 kg/ha. The after-effect of a previous cropping with M. sativa was independent of the N dressing and ranged from 140 to 175 kg/ha. For comparison, the after-effect of a preceding maize crop ranged from 90 to 110 kg/ha. Mineral soil N reserves were determined in spring and autumn. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Strategies for improving fertilizer phosphorus use efficiency in Chinese cropping systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Gu FENG ◽  
Jingping GAI ◽  
Xionghan FENG ◽  
Haigang LI ◽  
Lin ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Effects of Phosphorus Sources and Application Rates on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Rice Plant

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Prosper I. Massawe ◽  
Jerome Mrema
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Arusha Region ◽  
Phosphorus Application

A study was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and P use efficiency from Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR), Minjingu mazao and Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) fertilizers under irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Lekitatu village, Meru district, Arusha region, Tanzania. The initial soil pH in the two experimental sites was slightly alkaline while total N and available P was low and medium respectively. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was adopted and phosphorus was applied at the rates of 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P ha-1 as MPR, Minjingu mazao and TSP. Nitrogen was applied uniformly at a rate of 60 kg N ha-1 as urea taking into account the 10% N contained in the Minjingu mazao fertilizer. Phosphorus application increased N and P contents in the rice plants and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) with the increase of P levels from 0 to 60 kg P ha-1 for all P sources. The site 1 had more PUE than site 2 due to higher moisture content. These effects were due to increased availability and nutrients uptake by plants, particularly P. Based on the results, it is recommended that; Minjingu mazao at the rates of 40 to 60 kg P ha-1, MPR and TSP at a rate of 60 kg P ha-1, respectively have to be adopted for sustainable soil P use in rice production areas of Lekitatu village.

Differential colonization by bioprospected rhizobial bacteria associated with common bean in different cropping systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 682-689
Author(s):  
Josiele Polzin de Oliveira-Francesquini ◽  
Mariangela Hungria ◽  
Daiani Cristina Savi ◽  
Chirlei Glienke ◽  
Rodrigo Aluizio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Plant Nitrogen

In this study, we evaluated the diversity of rhizobia isolated from root nodules on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) derived from Andean and Mesoamerican centers and grown under field and greenhouse conditions. Genetic characterization of isolates was performed by sequencing analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and 2 housekeeping genes, recA and glnII, and by the amplification of nifH. Symbiotic efficiency was evaluated by examining nodulation, plant biomass production, and plant nitrogen (N) accumulation. The influence of the environment was observed in nodulation capacity, where Rhizobium miluonense was dominant under greenhouse conditions and the Rhizobium acidisoli group prevailed under field conditions. However, strain LGMB41 fit into a separate group from the type strain of R. acidisoli in terms of multilocus phylogeny, implying that it could belong to a new species. Rhizobium miluonense LGMB73 showed the best symbiotic efficiency performance, i.e., with the highest shoot-N content (77.7 mg/plant), superior to the commercial standard strain (56.9 mg/plant). Biodiversity- and bioprospecting-associated studies are important to better understand ecosystems and to develop more effective strategies to improve plant growth using a N-fixation process.

scholarly journals Growth rate and nutritional status of an organic coffee cropping system

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta dos Santos Freire Ricci ◽  
Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Simone Cordeiro de Miranda ◽  
Fabio Freire de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Coffee

In view of the low N concentration in organic fertilizers, it is necessary to use high rates of such fertilizers to attend coffee crop requirements. Hence, N is the most limiting nutrient for organic coffee production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) organic fertilization on the growth and nutritional status of coffee cultivars, as well as to quantify plant biomass and N input derived from biological nitrogen fixation, and their effect on soil chemical characteristics. The experiment consisted of six coffee (Coffea arabica) cultivars intercropped with and without sunn hemp sown in November 2001 and pruned at mid-height 76 days later. At 175 days, the standing biomass of the legume was cut, measuring dry mass, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and 15N natural abundance, resulting 16 t ha-1 of dry mass and the recycling of 444, 21, 241, 191, and 44 kg ha-1 of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. Cultivars 'Obatã' and 'Catuaí Vermelho' presented the highest growth rates in terms of plant height, while cultivars 'Icatu' and 'Oeiras' presented the lowest rates. Biological nitrogen fixation associated to the legume introduced more than 200 kg ha-1 of N, which is a demonstration that N fertilization in organic cropping systems is a valuable alternative. Intercropping lead to a constant coffee leaf N content during the entire cropping cycle, contrary to what was observed in plots grown without sunn hemp.

The Use of 15N to Measure N2-Fixing Effectiveness of Rhizobium leguminosarum Strains

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2023-2027
Author(s):  
Ya Hui He ◽  
Gao Bao Huang ◽  
Li Zhuo Guo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Plant Biomass Production

Biomass, N derived from BNF, total N and Ndfa % of different part tissues of pea plants inoculated with various Rhizobium. leguminosarum strains were determined. Particularly identified were whole plant biomass correlated with N derived from BNF. The significant direct correlations between biomass and N derived from BNF indicated that N-fixation efficiency of strains are important factors influencing biomass accumulation of plants, but not the sole factors determine the promoted capacity of strain on plant biomass production. Different strains show various performances on accumulation of biomass in different parts of plant tissue, R. leguminosarum SY12 performed best on promotion of kernel production. In order to obtain aimed strain with particular property such as promotion of kernel production, the15N tracing technique can be used in R. Leguminosarum strains screening of R. Leguminosarum, but the analysis both separate part and whole plant tissue are necessary.

scholarly journals Biological Nitrogen Fixation by Local and Improved Genotypes of Cowpea in Burkina Faso (West Africa): Total Nitrogen Accumulated can be used for Quick Estimation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Boubié Vincent Bado ◽  
Michel Sedogo ◽  
François Lompo ◽  
Sanoussi Manzo Maman Laminou
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Total N ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by legumes is an indicator of their potential contribution to recycling nitrogen in cropping systems. Many techniques exist for the quantitative measurement of legume BNF. The isotopic dilution (ID) methods are the most accurate but are too expensive, time-consuming and require technical expertise. There is a gap between the simple but less accurate Total Nitrogen Difference (TND) method and the Isotopic Dilution (ID) methods. By measuring the BNF of 11 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes, this study aimed to develop a simple model as an improved tool for the quick estimation of BNF. Total N accumulated by traditional genotypes from Burkina Faso varied from 23 to 41 kg ha−1. Approximately 40 to 65% of this was nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) when the TND method was used (Ndfa-TND), while the ID method indicated that 29 to 37% of N accumulated was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa-ID). The TND method overestimated the BNF of high N-yielding genotypes but underestimated the BNF of low N-yielding genotypes (N-accumulated below 31 kg N ha−1). The relationship between N-accumulated and Ndfa-ID was described by a polynomial regression: Yi = 0.0127 Xi2 - 0.5354 Xi + 17.44, where Yi and Xi represent Ndfa-ID and N-accumulated, respectively (P<0.05, R2 =0.92). The model was validated and could be used for quick estimation of BNF directly from the N accumulated.

scholarly journals The Halotolerant Rhizobacterium—Pseudomonas koreensis MU2 Enhances Inorganic Silicon and Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Augments Salt Stress Tolerance in Soybean (Glycine max L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Adhikari ◽  
Muhammad Aaqil Khan ◽  
Ko-Eun Lee ◽  
Sang-Mo Kang ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Ion Influx ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soybean Plants

Optimizing nutrient usage in plants is vital for a sustainable yield under biotic and abiotic stresses. Since silicon and phosphorus are considered key elements for plant growth, this study assessed the efficient supplementation strategy of silicon and phosphorus in soybean plants under salt stress through inoculation using the rhizospheric strain—Pseudomonas koreensis MU2. The screening analysis of MU2 showed its high salt-tolerant potential, which solubilizes both silicate and phosphate. The isolate, MU2 produced gibberellic acid (GA1, GA3) and organic acids (malic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and tartaric acid) in pure culture under both normal and salt-stressed conditions. The combined application of MU2, silicon, and phosphorus significantly improved silicon and phosphorus uptake, reduced Na+ ion influx by 70%, and enhanced K+ uptake by 46% in the shoots of soybean plants grown under salt-stress conditions. MU2 inoculation upregulated the salt-resistant genes GmST1, GmSALT3, and GmAKT2, which significantly reduced the endogenous hormones abscisic acid and jasmonic acid while, it enhanced the salicylic acid content of soybean. In addition, MU2 inoculation strengthened the host’s antioxidant system through the reduction of lipid peroxidation and proline while, it enhanced the reduced glutathione content. Moreover, MU2 inoculation promoted root and shoot length, plant biomass, and the chlorophyll content of soybean plants. These findings suggest that MU2 could be a potential biofertilizer catalyst for the amplification of the use efficiency of silicon and phosphorus fertilizers to mitigate salt stress.

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