scholarly journals Chronic heat stress and feed restriction affects carcass composition and the expression of genes involved in the control of fat deposition in broilers

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (9) ◽  
pp. 1487-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DE ANTONIO ◽  
M. F. FERNANDEZ-ALARCON ◽  
R. LUNEDO ◽  
G. H. SQUASSONI ◽  
A. L. J. FERRAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYHeat stress (HS) is among the major limiting factors to growth of broilers. Heat stress also results in changes in the characteristics of the carcass, such as an increase in fat deposition. The molecular mechanisms responsible for fat deposition in broilers as a response to HS remain unknown. The current study aimed to describe the molecular mechanisms associated with the effects of high temperature and feed restriction due to chronic heat exposure at 32 °C, and to describe the resulting changes in the growth performance and carcass characteristics of the broilers at 21 and 42 days of age. In the current study, 441 male Cobb-500®broilers were subjected to three treatments that differed in rearing temperature and feeding regime: chronic HS fedad libitum(HS/AL), thermoneutral environment fedad libitum(TN/AL) and TN and pair-feeding on the feed intake (FI) of the heat-exposed group (TN/PF). HS increased fat content in the breast and wings and decreased fat content in the legs, but did not influence abdominal fat. These effects occurred regardless of reducing consumption induced by HS. Furthermore, HS, independently of reduced FI, increased liver sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) mRNA in both ages and growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNA at 42days, whereas feed restriction reducedGHRmRNA only at 21days. In conclusion, increased fat content in the breast and wings was accompanied by a higher gene expression ofGHRandSREBP-1, suggesting the involvement of both genes in the control of fat deposition in broilers exposed to HS.

scholarly journals Chronic heat stress and feed restriction affects carcass composition and the expression of genes involved in the control of fat deposition in broilers – Corrigendum

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
J. De Antonio ◽  
M. F. Fernandez-Alarcon ◽  
R. Lunedo ◽  
G. H. Squassoni ◽  
A. L. J. Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Expression Of Genes

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Molecular and Whole Muscle Function: Role of Fat Content?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
Joseph Gordon III ◽  
Nicholas Remillard ◽  
Chad Straight ◽  
Rajakumar Nagarajan ◽  
Bruce Damon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Type I ◽  
Contraction Velocity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Whole Muscle ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Decreases in muscle size and function are a general consequence of old age; the precise mechanisms of these changes remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that fat deposition in muscle may also contribute to dysfunction in older adults. Fat content was quantified in the quadriceps, and its effects on function in healthy young (21-45 y) and older (65-75 y) men and women (n=44) of comparable physical activity were compared. A subset of the young matched with the older group for muscle fat content were also examined. Peak fat-free whole muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA; cm2), volume (MV; cm3), fat content (fat fraction, FF; %), specific torque (Nm/mCSA) and peak contraction velocity (Nm∙s-1) were determined using fat-water magnetic resonance imaging and dynamometry (0-300□∙s-1). To examine potential molecular mechanisms of muscle weakness, vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained (n=31) and cross-bridge kinetics of type I and II fibers were determined. FF was higher in older adults than young (8.4±1.2% (SE), 7.6±1.4; p=0.03), while mCSA (48.9±10.4 vs. 64.2±17.3), MV (1536±532 vs. 2112±708), specific torque (2.6±0.4 vs. 3.2±0.4), and peak voluntary contraction velocity (422±20 vs. 441±23) were lower in older than young (p<0.01). Type II fiber myosin attachment rate was slower and attachment time longer in older muscle (p<0.017), providing a potential mechanism for the slowing of peak contraction velocity with age. Notably, differences at the whole muscle and molecular levels remained for the subset of young and older groups matched for FF, suggesting that fat deposition in muscle does not exacerbate age-related changes in function.

Growth performance and carcass composition in beef heifers undergoing catch-up (compensatory) growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yambayamba ◽  
M. A. Price
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Permanent Effect ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Fifty-three Hereford crossbred heifers (211 ± 28 (mean ± SD) kg; 197 ± 13 d of age at day 1) were used to study catch-up growth and its effects on carcass composition. Five heifers were slaughtered on day 1; the remaining 48 were randomly penned in groups of six and assigned to treatments as follows: three pens to ad libitum feeding (target gain > 1.0 kg d−1); three pens to 2 mo of feed restriction (target gain 0.5 kg d−1); followed by realimentation; and two pens to 4 mo of feed restriction (target gain: 2 mo at 0.5 kg d−1 and 2 mo at 0.0 kg d−1) followed by realimentation. Animals from one pen were slaughtered from each treatment after 2 mo, after 4 mo, and at a final slaughter weight of about 410 kg. During the final period (4 mo to slaughter), growth rate was greater (P < 0.05) in the 4-mo than in the 2-mo restricted–realimented animals or the ad-libitum-fed animals (1.91 vs. 1.18 vs. 1.02 kg d−1), respectively. Feed restriction for 2 mo had no significant effect on the composition of the three-rib cut, but 4 mo of feed restriction was associated with significantly lower and higher (P < 0.05) proportions of fat and bone, respectively, in the three-rib cut. Muscle proportion was not affected by treatment. At the final slaughter weight, no significant differences were found among treatments in the tissue proportions of the three-rib cut. It is concluded that 2 or 4 mo of feed restriction, starting at 6 mo of age, has no permanent effect on a heifer's live weight or body composition. Key words: Heifers, feed restriction, realimentation, compensatory growth, carcass composition

The effect of plane of nutrition and forage:concentrate ratio on the performance and carcass composition of steers

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
R.W.J. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Total N ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Acclimatization Period ◽  
Reducing Energy

Consumer demand for leaner beef necessitates a reduction in the fat content of a major proportion of the beef carcasses currently produced. It is generally accepted that reducing the plane of nutrition of beef cattle reduces fat content. However the effects on growth rate and overall efficiency of production are also important. The effects of reducing energy intake on performance and carcass composition may be influenced by the nature of the change in energy intake. An experiment has been carried out to examine the effects of reducing energy intake, either by increasing forage: concentrate ratio (F:C) in the diet or reducing dry matter intake at constant F:C.Thirty-six Friesian (F), Limousin x F and Belgian Blue x F 12-month old steers which were initially 368 kg, and which had been reared under uniform management and nutrition were used. They were purchased from dairy farms during October and November at approximately 10 days old, were aritifically reared and were at pasture from April until October. After a three week acclimatization period they were divided into blocks according to breed and live weight and allocated to the three treatments at random with each block. The three treatments were a complete diet consisting of 0.67 grass silage (719 g digestible organic matter and 144 g crude protein/kg DM; 82 g ammonia N/kg total N) and 0.33 concentrates (0.9 rolled barley and 0.1 soyabean meal) offered (1) ad libitum or (2) at 0.8 of ad libitum intake.

scholarly journals Chromium supplementation modulates glucose metabolism in heat-stressed Girolando dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5supl1) ◽  
pp. 2445-2452
Author(s):  
Lilian dos Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Felipe Zandonadi Brandão ◽  
Luciano de Rezende Carvalheira ◽  
Diana Rangel de Lemos ◽  
Gustavo Torres de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary chromium supplementation on hepatic gene expression of lactating Girolando (Holstein x Gyr) cows under heat stress conditions in climatic chamber. Thirty-six ¾ Holstein x Gyr lactating cows were used, based on a 2x3 factorial scheme, to evaluate the effects of two diets (0 vs 0.50 mg of organic chromium kg-1 dry matter) and three environmental conditions (ECs): heat stress conditions in climatic chamber with ad libitum feeding (HS), a thermoneutral environment with ad libitum feeding (TN), and a pair-fed group in a thermoneutral environment (PF). Under HS group, the expression levels of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and growth hormone receptor (rGH) were downregulated (P < 0.05) in chromium-supplemented cows compared to those in cows fed the control diet. GLUT2 expression was upregulated (P = 0.02) in the HS group and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was downregulated (P < 0.01) in the PF group in cows fed the control diet compared to the expression in the TN group. No differences were observed between the ECs in terms of relative abundances of GLUT2, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), G6Pase, rGH, and IGF1 transcripts among the chromium-supplemented cows (P > 0.05). Heat stress caused changes in the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism, and organic chromium could modulate glucose metabolism in animals under heat stress conditions to some extent.

Interrelationships between dietary ractopamine,energy intake, and sex in pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
P. J. Eason ◽  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain

A major constraint to protein deposition in the pig is energy intake. Ractopamine (RAC) isa b-agonist which has been shown to increase protein deposition under both ad libitum and restrictive feeding regimes. To assess the interactions between energy intake, sex, and dietary RAC, 104 crossbred pigs (52 boars and 52 gilts) were used in a slaughter-balance experiment conducted over the growth phase of 60-90 kg liveweight. To obtain initial body composition, 4 pigs of each sex were slaughtered at 60 kg. The remaining 96 pigs were allocated to a 2 6 2 factorial experiment. The respective factors were sex (boar or gilt), dietary digestible energy (DE) intake (21·2, 24·7, 28·2, 32·7, 36·7MJ DE/day and ad libitum), and dietary RAC (0 and 20 mg/kg of ractopamine.HCl). Average daily gain increased with DE intake and was faster for boars than gilts. Dietary RAC increased averagedaily gain in both boars and gilts independent of DE intake. Neither dietary RAC nor sex had any effect on ad libitum feed intakes while effects on feed : gain ratio reciprocated growth rates. Protein deposition increased with DE intake and was higher in boars than in gilts. Although protein deposition was increased by dietary RAC in both boars and gilts across the range of DE intakes investigated,ad libitum feed intakes were necessary to maximise protein deposition. Fat deposition increased with DE intake and was greater in gilts than in boars. Whereas dietary RAC had no effect on the rateof fat deposition or backfat depths, the fat content of the empty body was lower due to increased protein deposition and lower fat : protein ratio. Dietary RAC improves growth performance and carcass composition in both boars and gilts independent of DE intake. However, ad libitum feed intakes maybe necessary if responses are to be maximised.

Growing goats of different sexes have distinct metabolic responses to continuous feed restriction

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Nhayandra C. D. Silva ◽  
Carla J. Härter ◽  
Fernanda O. M. Figueiredo ◽  
Rafael F. Leite ◽  
José M. Santos Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Goats

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of sex on the hormonal and metabolic changes in growing goats subjected to levels of feed restriction. We used 72 Saanen kids, including 24 intact males, 24 castrated males and 24 females with initial bodyweight of 15.76 ± 0.174 kg and initial age of 108.4 ± 18.86 days respectively. A split-plot design was employed (3 sexes = intact males, castrated males, and females; 3 levels of feed restriction = 0% (ad libitum), 25% and 50%). Groups of three goat kids were formed by sex (each goat eating one level of feed restriction); goats of each group were slaughtered when animals fed ad libitum reached 30 kg bodyweight. Fat and protein deposition were calculated by the difference between the determinations performed on samples of homogenates of control animals slaughtered at the start of the experiment and the experimental animals. Blood samples were collected every 10 days to evaluate glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid, β-hydroxybutyrate, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine and insulin-like growth factor. Females presented greater fat deposition than did castrated and intact males, regardless of feed restriction (P < 0.0001). Protein body retention (kg) was affected only by feed restriction (P < 0.0001). In females, aspartate aminotransferase activity was greater in those subjected to 50% feed restriction (83.83 ± 4.96 U/L). Regardless of sex, the greatest serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was observed when animals were subjected to 50% feed restriction (P < 0.0149). Plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 was similar in castrated and females, being lower than in intact males. Intact males showed lower plasma T3 concentration than did females (P < 0.05). Females changed their glycolytic metabolism to retain fat deposition even under feed restriction, whereas males mainly changed their protein metabolism to retain protein synthesis, and were less affected by feed restriction.

scholarly journals Effect of Feed Restriction on Performance, Carcass Composition and Physicochemical Properties of the M. Pectoralis Superficialis of Broiler Chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Połtowicz ◽  
Joanna Nowak ◽  
Dorota Wojtysiak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on carcass composition, breast meat quality and microstructure of the m. pectoralis superficialis of broiler chickens. A total of 315 day-old female broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 105 birds each in 3 pen replicates. They were fed ad libitum as the control (I), and restricted for 6 h/day (from 08:00 to 14:00 h) as group II (3 and 4 weeks of age) and group III from 4 to 5 weeks of age. On day 42 of growth, 6 broilers with average body weight were chosen from each group for slaughter to analyse dressing percentage, carcass quality, physicochemical properties of breast muscles, including pH, colour (CIE L*a*b*), expressible juice, drip loss, thawing loss, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force, texture (TPA) and chemical composition, as well as histochemical profile of the m. pectoralis superficialis. Temporary feed restriction did not significantly alter the final body weight, dressing percentage and the proportion of breast and leg muscles, but increased the proportion of abdominal fat. No differences were found in the microstructure of the m. pectoralis superficialis of restricted and ad libitum fed chickens. Restricted feeding had an effect on water holding capacity and tenderness of breast muscles, and a non-significant effect on texture parameters and chemical composition. Restricted feeding of chickens changed their meat quality to a greater extent when applied from 3 to 4 weeks compared to analogous procedures introduced from 4 to 5 weeks of age.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION AND REALIMENTATION ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF ZEBU BULLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
O. W. Ehoche ◽  
W. S. Alhassan ◽  
V. Buvanendran ◽  
J. E. Umoh ◽  
N. N. Umanna
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Forty-eight Sokoto Gudali bulls were used to study carcass compositional changes and nutrient efficiency following feed restriction (25% ad libitum feeding, L., and 54% ad. libitum feeding, M) and realimentation (ad. libitum feeding, H). The treatments were designated as LLH, LMH and LHH according to the level of feeding for each of three periods within each treatment group. Representative bulls were slaughtered at the beginning of the study and at the end of each feeding period. At the end of the mid period, animals on the LLH and LMH feeding regimes had higher percentages of water, similar percentages of protein and ash but lower proportions of fat and energy compared to animals on the LHH feeding regime. Following realimentation in the final period carcass gains contained approximately 21.0, 15.0, 18.5% protein and 22.0, 31,0 and 29.6% fat for LLH, LMH and LHH bulls respectively. The LHH animals were more efficient in utilizing metabolizable energy for carcass energy gain than the LLH and LMH animals. Digestible crude protein (DCP) efficience for carcass protein gain averaged 17.6, 26.2 and 35.4 g DCP/g protein gain for LLH, LMH and LHH bulls respectively. The results suggest that improved efficiency of protein utilization is largely responsible for compensatory carcass growth in zebu bulls. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document