Backcross breeding for improvement of heat tolerance at reproductive phase in Thai rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
C. Malumpong ◽  
R. Buadchee ◽  
B. Thammasamisorn ◽  
P. Moung-ngam ◽  
B. Wasuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Backcross Breeding ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Abstract Heat stress during the reproductive and grain-filling stages leads to severe yield losses in rice, especially in irrigated areas during the dry season in Thailand. Thus, breeding for heat-tolerant rice is one of the strategies for developing rice crops adapted to the effects of high temperature in major growing regions. M9962, a fast neutron-induced mutant, was identified as a heat-tolerant line that was then used as a donor parent and crossed with the Phisanulok 2 (PSL2) cultivar (the recurrent parent) in a backcross breeding programme. Heat tolerance scoring under controlled greenhouse and field conditions was based on the percentage of spikelet fertility. Yield trials for the BC2F7 and BC3F6 lines were subsequently conducted under field conditions at three locations and under controlled greenhouse conditions during the dry season of 2019 (DS2019). In the early generation, 210 plants of the BC1F1 population and 440 plants of BC2F1 population were evaluated for their heat tolerance, and the spikelet fertility distribution within the BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC3F1 populations showed a skewed-right pattern. In addition, most rice plants in every generation were heat sensitive. Finally, compared with PSL2, the four-candidate heat-tolerant lines exhibited a high percentage of spikelet fertility and high yield. In addition, the one candidate line, BC2F7-6-5-4-1-1-21 was most similar to PSL2 in terms of genetic background, plant type and grain quality. Thus, backcross breeding programmes via the spikelet fertility can be used as an indirect trait to select for heat tolerance.

scholarly journals Rice cold tolerance at the reproductive stage in a controlled environment

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pereira da Cruz ◽  
Sandra Cristina Kothe Milach ◽  
Luiz Carlos Federizzi
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Highly Correlated

Cold tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the reproductive stage is important to guarantee high yield under low temperature environments. Field selection, however, does not allow identification of adequate tolerance sources and limits selection of segregating lines due to variable temperature. The objective of this study was to devise methods for distinguishing rice genotypes as to their cold tolerance at the reproductive stage when evaluated under controlled temperature. The effect of cold temperatures was investigated in six rice genotypes at 17°C for varying length of time (three, five, seven and ten days) at two reproductive stages (microsporogenesis and anthesis). Cold tolerance was measured as the percentage of reduction in panicle exsertion and in spikelet fertility. Evaluating cold tolerance through the reduction in panicle exsertion did not allow for the distinction between cold tolerant from cold sensitive genotypes and, when the reduction in spikelet fertility was considered, a minimum of seven days was required to differentiate the genotypes for cold tolerance. Genotypes were more sensitive to cold at anthesis than at microsporogenesis and, as these stages were highly correlated, cold screening could be performed at anthesis only, since it is easier to determine. Rice cold tolerance at the reproductive stage may be characterized by the reduction in spikelet fertility due to cold temperature (17°C) applied for seven days at anthesis.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERGENCE ANALYSIS IN HRDC RICE (Oryza sativa L.) HYBRIDS IN BANGLADESH

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
A. Ahmed ◽  
S. G. Shaon ◽  
M. S. Islam ◽  
P. S. Saha ◽  
M. M. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Maximization

Genetic divergence of 48 IRRI developed F1 rice hybrids were studied through Mahalanobis D2 and principal component analysis for ten characters in Gazipur and Pabna district during dry season 2012-13. Among 48 genotypes, cluster analysis resulted in five clusters following Ward’s method. During dry season for both regions, cluster I incorporated the highest number of genotypes. Significant differences among the genotypes but non-significant differences among replications were noticed for most of the parameters under study. The inter-cluster distance was larger than intra-cluster distance suggesting wider diversity among the genotypes. In Gazipur, the maximum inter-cluster D2 value was recorded between cluster III and V (6.69) and the minimum between cluster II and IV (0.69). The intra-cluster distance was maximum in cluster IV (3.60) and minimum in cluster I (0.33). In Pabna, maximum inter-cluster distance was exhibited between cluster IV and II (16.43) but minimum between cluster II and III (3.98). Maximum intra-cluster distance (4.40) was recorded in cluster IV whereas minimum in cluster I (0.83). Based on positive value of vector 1 and vector 2, panicle number m-2, spikelet fertility (%) and 1000-grain wt. (g) had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence among the characters studied. Cluster means indicated considerable differences in the mean values of different parameters. The highest cluster means for panicle weight (g), spikelet fertility (%), 1000 grain wt. (g) and grain yield (kg ha-1) were derived from cluster IV. Therefore, more prominence should be given to the lines under cluster IV that having genetic potentiality to contribute better for yield maximization of hybrid rice.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morphometric Diversity for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Tolerance to Heat Stress

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
S. Sandeep ◽  
M. Sujatha ◽  
L. V. Subbarao ◽  
C. N. Neeraja
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Heat Tolerant

The present investigation entitled “Assessment of morphometric diversity for yield and yield attributing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) for tolerance to heat stress” was carried out with objective of assessing genetic divergence in 200 germplasm of rice for eleven characters at ICRISAT, Patencheru, Hyderabad. The genotypes were grouped into fifteen clusters in Tocher’s method, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, out of the 11 characters studied, number of grains per panicle, plant height, pollen viability and spikelet fertility contributed 96.73 per cent of the total divergence and these traits were found to be important potent factors for genetic differentiation in genotypes. Principal component analysis identified five principal components, which contributed for 78.66 percent % of cumulative variance. The overall results of the study revealed that crossing using the genotypes under cluster V and XI and cluster XI and XIII could be exploited by hybridization programme to yield good recombinants because they had maximum inter cluster distance and possessing high genetic diversity for the characters viz. panicle length, number of grains per panicle and single plant yield. The genotypes of cluster I, II, IV, VI, VII, VIII, XI, XII and XIII showed high spikelet fertility percentage. Hence the genotypes of these clusters can be used in breeding programmes for development of heat tolerant varieties. Euclidean2 method indicated that genotypes of cluster III and IX exhibited high spikelet fertility percentage which can be utilized in development of heat tolerant cultivars. The results of principal component analysis revealed that genotypes of cluster I, cluster IV, cluster V, cluster VIII, cluster IX, cluster XI, cluster XII and cluster XV exhibited highest spikelet fertility percentage. Hence, the genotypes of the clusters can be used in breeding programmes for the development of heat tolerant varieties. 

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR HEAT TOLERANCE TRAITS IN SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
A. A. Khan ◽  
M. Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
M. F. Amin ◽  
M. K. Alam ◽  
M. A. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Late Sowing

The present investigation was undertaken with the objective to identify the extent of genetic diversity for traits related to heat tolerance among 25 currently available spring wheat genotypes under late sowing condition during the cropping season 2009-2010. All genotypes were distributed into five clusters showing considerable genetic divergence for most of the heat tolerant traits under study. The role of grain filling rate and biomass production in both the vectors had the highest contribution to genetic divergence. The positive values of both the vectors for flag leaf senescence, ground coverage, spikes number, 1000-grain weight, grain yield (g m-2) and harvest index indicating high contribution of these traits towards the divergence among 25 genotypes of wheat. Three pair of clusters, viz. I & II, I & III and I & V can be considered for obtaining more heterotic progeny as the genetic distance between these clusters were larger. Considering yield performances, cluster distance and cluster mean the genotype G-22 from cluster I and genotype G-14 from cluster IV may be considered better parents for further breeding of heat tolerance as they showed maximum divergence and high degree of tolerance to heat under late sowing condition. Moreover, the genotype G-22 could be exploited for direct release as a heat tolerant variety after testing under wider range of environments.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v25i2.18663

scholarly journals Thermotolerance and Physiological Traits as Fast Tools to Heat Tolerance Selection in Experimental Sugarcane Genotypes

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Sergio Castro-Nava ◽  
Enrique López-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Temperature Stresses ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Membrane Thermostability

Heat stress limits the growth, development, and yield of crop plants when it occurs during short or long periods of time. An experiment was conducted with the objectives of (i) evaluating the cell membrane thermostability (CMT) as an indicator of heat tolerance in sugarcane and to determine its relationship with physiological parameters under heat-stressed conditions, and (ii) evaluating the utility of CMT for selecting heat-tolerant genotypes in a breeding program. A total of nine elite experimental, and four commercial sugarcane genotypes were evaluated for CMT, and the results are expressed as relative cell injury (RCI). Six genotypes were classified as highly tolerant and seven as highly sensitive. We concluded that the use of RCI, as an indicator of CMT in sugarcane genotypes, is a suitable useful parameter for selecting the genotypes tolerant to heat stress in a breeding program. This procedure, combined with other characters, helps to identify sugarcane plants with the ability to maintain a high yield photosynthetic rate under stressful field conditions. Furthermore, it offers an opportunity to improve selection efficiency over that of field testing, since high temperature stresses do not occur consistently under field conditions.

Recurrent parent phenome recovery analysis in six different populations with the introgression of genetic male sterile gene ms10 from hot pepper to heat tolerant bell pepper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menisha Rani ◽  
Salesh Kumar Jindal ◽  
Om Prakash Meena
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Successful Recovery ◽  
Backcross Breeding ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Abstract Backcrossing is one of the most commonly used breeding methods to transfer target trait(s) into a bell pepper inbreds. We attempted for the first time to transfer genetic male sterile (GMS) ms10 gene from the donor parent MS-12, popular GMS line in India, into the genetic background of six heat tolerant bell pepper inbreds, in restricted generations through the marker-assisted selection (MAS) and backcross breeding method, to develop new GMS lines in bell pepper. In this project, the recurrent parent phenome (RPP) recovery was analyzed in each generations of backcrossing using economic phenotypic markers. Phenotypic background analysis revealed that the extent of RPP recovery ranged from 43.59% (MSSM-1) to 66.26% (MSSM-21) and 70.89% (MSSM-17) to 92.09% (MSSM-21) for fruit weight, from 19.0% (MSSM-21) to 55.14% (MSSM-3) and 61.0% (MSSM-21) to 98.75% (MSSM-1) for number of lobes fruit− 1, from 55.77% (MSSM-17) to 94.25% (MSSM-2) and 69.83% (MSSM-17) to 98.26% (MSSM-3) for total fruit yield plant− 1 in BC1F1 and BC2F1 populations, respectively. Based on a paired 't' test analysis in BC2F1 population, out of six, the MSSM-1 and MSSM-2 generation was shown to be non-significant for all 19 studied traits followed by MSSM-3 (18), indicating a successful recovery of the recipient genome through marker-assisted backcross breeding after successful introgression of the ms10 gene. The GMS lines developed from this project will be utilized in bell pepper breeding programs aimed to identify the best cross-combination for their cultivation under north-Indian plains.

The Heat-Shock Response and Expression of Heat-Shock Proteins in Wheat Under Diurnal Heat Stress and Field Conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
HT Nguyen ◽  
CP Joshi ◽  
N Klueva ◽  
J Weng ◽  
KL Hendershot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Shock Proteins

The occurrence of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in response to high temperature stress is a universal phenomenon in higher plants and has been well documented. However, in agriculturally important species, less is known about the expression of HSPs under natural environments. A review of the heat-shock response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is presented and recent results on the expression of wheat HSPs under diurnal stress and field conditions are reported. In the field experiment, flag leaf blade temperatures were obtained and leaf blades collected for northern blot analysis using HSP 16.9 cDNA as a probe. Temperatures of leaf blades ranged from 32 to 35�C under the tested field conditions at New Deal near Lubbock, Texas. Messenger RNAs encoding a major class of low molecular weight HSPs, HSP 16.9, were detected in all wheat genotypes examined. The results suggested that HSPs are synthesised in response to heat stress under agricultural production, and furthermore, that HSPs are produced in wheats differing in geographic background. In the controlled growth chamber experiment, HSP expression in two wheat cultivars, Mustang (heat tolerant) and Sturdy (heat susceptible) were analysed to determine if wheat genotypes differing in heat tolerance differ in in vitro HSP synthesis (translatable HSP mRNAs) under a chronic, diurnal heat-stress regime. Leaf tissues were collected from seedlings over a time-course and poly (A)+RNAs were isolated for in vitro translation and 2-D gel electrophoresis. The protein profiles shown in the 2-D gel analysis revealed that there were not only quantitative differences of individual HSPs between these two wheat lines, but also some unique HSPs which were only found in the heat tolerant line. This data provides evidence of a correlation between HSP synthesis and heat tolerance in wheat under a simulated field environment and suggests that further genetic analysis of HSPs in a segregating population is worthy of investigation. In conclusion, the results of this study provide an impetus for the investigation of the roles of HSP genes in heat tolerance in wheat.

scholarly journals Molecular Breeding for Improving Productivity of Oryza sativa L. cv. Pusa 44 under Reproductive Stage Drought Stress through Introgression of a Major QTL, qDTY12.1

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Kyaw Swar Oo ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod ◽  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Successful Recovery

Increasing rice production is quintessential to the task of sustaining global food security, as a majority of the global population is dependent on rice as its staple dietary cereal. Among the various constraints affecting rice production, reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS) is a major challenge, due to its direct impact on grain yield. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring RSDS tolerance have been identified in rice, and qDTY12.1 is one of the major QTLs reported. We report the successful introgression of qDTY12.1 into Pusa 44, a drought sensitive mega rice variety of the northwestern Indian plains. Marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) was adopted to transfer qDTY12.1 into Pusa 44 in three backcrosses followed by four generations of pedigree selection, leading to development of improved near isogenic lines (NILs). Having a recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery ranging from 94.7–98.7%, the improved NILs performed 6.5 times better than Pusa 44 under RSDS, coupled with high yield under normal irrigated conditions. The MABB program has been modified so as to defer background selection until BC3F4 to accelerate generational advancements. Deploying phenotypic selection alone in the early backcross generations could help in the successful recovery of RPG. In addition, the grain quality could be recovered in the improved NILs, leading to superior selections. Owing to their improved adaptation to drought, the release of improved NILs for regions prone to intermittent drought can help enhance rice productivity and production.

scholarly journals Marker Assisted Pyramiding of QTLs for Heat Tolerance and Escape Upgrades Heat Resilience in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changrong Ye ◽  
Tsutomu Ishimaru ◽  
Leslie Lambio ◽  
Le Li ◽  
Yu Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Growth Chambers

Abstract High temperature at flowering stage of rice causes low spikelet fertility and low yield. To cope with high temperature stress brought by climate change, two strategies were proposed to develop heat-resilient rice varieties. One is to escape the high temperature by flowering early in the morning, another is to enhance tolerance to high temperature stress per se. Two promising QTLs for early morning flowering (qEMF3) and heat tolerance (qHTSF4.1) were introgressed into IR64 background, and near isogenic lines (NILs) IR64+qEMF3 (IR64EMF3) and IR64+qHTSF4.1 (IR64HT4) were developed in previous studies. In this study, a QTL pyramiding line IR64+qHTSF4.1+qEMF3 (IR64HT4EMF3) was developed by marker assisted selection of the progenies of previous NILs. The NILs were subjected to different high temperature regimes in the indoor growth chambers and different locations in the field. In the indoor growth chambers, when high temperature starts early (before 11:00 am), IR64HT4 and IR64HT4EMF3 had higher spikelet fertility than IR64EMF3; when high temperature comes later (after 11:00 am), IR64EMF3 and IR64HT4EMF3 had higher spikelet fertility than IR64HT4. The flowering pattern of the IR64HT4EMF3 was earlier than IR64HT4, but similar to IR64EMF3 in the glasshouse, field and indoor growth chambers. IR64HT4EMF3 showed higher spikelet fertility than IR64EMF3 and IR64HT4 in the field in the Philippines. Thus, combination of early morning flowering and heat tolerance QTLs is an elegant breeding strategy to cope with future extreme climate.

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