Oat genotypic requirement for intercropping with vetch under Mediterranean conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
D. Baxevanos ◽  
I. T. Tsialtas ◽  
O. Voulgari ◽  
C. I. Pankou ◽  
D. Vlachostergios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
High Forage

Abstract Oat (Avena spp. L.) intercropped with common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) has shown high forage yield and crude protein content (CP) in rainfed Mediterranean environments of Greece. The objective was to study the oat genotypic interactions for yield, quality and agronomic traits of four oat accessions (cv. Flega and lines B2, B3 and B4) grown as intercrops with a common vetch cultivar (Pegasus) and as monocrops without or with nitrogen (N) supplementation (100 kg N/ha). In all mixtures, the land equivalent ratio exceeded the unit indicating that there was a yield advantage. Intercrops produced, on average, 5.0% less dry matter (DM) and 38.9% more crude protein yield (CPY) compared to monocropped oats with N fertilization and 3.4% more DM and 75.5% more CPY compared to monocropped oats without N fertilization. The DM, CP and quality differences between the intercropped and monocropped oats were attributed to oats by vetch cultivar interactions. The oat B2 intercropped was the shortest, the latest flowering and the less vigorous early in the season, a trait that allowed common vetch to dominate in the intercrop (vetch participation 770 g/kg). The high vetch fragment in the intercrop contributed to high CP, CPY, acid detergent lignin, total digestible nutrients, relative feeding value, relative forage quality, net energy for lactation and to low neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and hemicellulose. The replacement value index indicated that the intercrop was 21% more economically viable in comparison to the fertilized monocrop.

scholarly journals Forage Potential of Cereal/Legume Intercrops: Agronomic Performances, Yield, Quality Forage and LER in Two Harvesting Times in a Mediterranean Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Monica Bacchi ◽  
Michele Monti ◽  
Antonio Calvi ◽  
Emilio Lo Presti ◽  
Antonio Pellicanò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Green Fodder

The crop yield and quality of seven annual forages (four grasses and three legumes) in sole crop and in mixtures (ratio 50:50) for oat (Avena sativa L.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) were evaluated in a two-year field experiment adopting two harvesting times, green fodder and silage. The main bio-agronomic traits, dry matter forage yield (DMY) and quantity of crude protein (CP) were determined in both sole crop and intercrop. The land equivalent ratio (LER) was used for evaluating biological efficiency and competitive ability of the intercrops. Our results showed that the total calculated LER for fodder and protein yields was always greater than one and corresponded to crop yield advantages of 16.0% and 11.5%, respectively. Our data also highlighted the low competitive ability of the ryegrass in intercrop, which achieved the lowest yield among all the mixtures. Conversely, the same grass showed the best green fodder quality, due to the high incidence of the legume, equal (on average) to 46%. Triticale and barley, harvested for silage (hard dough stage), provided the best quantitative and qualitative results both in sole crop and intercropped with common vetch and pea, determined mainly by the cereal grain.

scholarly journals Forage yield and nutritive value of hay from sorghum-sudangrass hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e95991110508
Author(s):  
Hosnerson Renan de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Mauro Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
Ingrid Thalia Prado de Castro ◽  
Mário Henrique Melo e Lima ◽  
Luiza Maria Gigante Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
High Forage

The objective was to evaluate agronomically nine sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) and the nutritive value of their respective hays. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3 × 9 factorial scheme, with three replications. Three cuts were made: 42 days after germination, 29 days after regrowth, and 28 days after the second regrowth. All hybrids showed a higher number of plants ha–1 (P < 0.05) in the second cut. For the green matter and dry matter production of the hays, the values ranged from 49.16 to 62.07 t ha–1 and 9.07 to 11.43 t ha–1, respectively. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in dry matter, mineral matter, or ether extract. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 810, 1013016, and 1624F016 showed higher values of crude protein (CP) of 16.49, 16.17, 16.08, and 15.88%, respectively. Differences were observed (P < 0.05) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 802, 1013021, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006 presented lower levels of NDF (60.57, 60.74, 62.15, 62.37, 62.58, and 64.70%, respectively). The hybrids BRS 802, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006, stood out above the others, presenting high forage yield and adequate nutritive value (CP content >13% and NDF content <65%).

scholarly journals Yield and quality of winter common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) haylage depending on sowing method

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1585-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dj. Karagic ◽  
S. Vasiljevic ◽  
S. Katic ◽  
A. Mikic ◽  
D. Milic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Yield And Quality

In order to determine an optimum ratio of vetch and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) components in their mixture, there has been carried out a four-year trial (autumn 2005 - spring 2009) aimed at the yield and quality of winter vetch haylage. The sowing rate of winter vetch was 120 kg ha-1, while the sowing rate of winter wheat was 0, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kg ha-1. An increased proportion of the cereal in its mixture with vetch significantly decreases the stand lodging, have a positive influence on forage yield, but haylage quality is of a poorer quality. Quality characteristics such as crude protein and lignin content, total digestible nutrients, dry matter intake and relative feed value were highest in monoculture common vetch followed by mixture with the lowest rate of wheat. Neutral detergent fiber content was positively affected by intercropping. There were no significant differences among treatments for acid detergent fiber content, digestible dry matter, and net energy for lactation. The most favorable balance between the haylage yield and quality, as well as the highest CP yield (1482 kg ha-1), was achieved by the mixture of 120 kg ha-1 of the vetch seed and 15 kg ha-1 of wheat.

scholarly journals Assessment of yield, quality and nitrogen index of Agrostietum capillaris grassland as affected by fertilizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Savo Vuckovic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Rade Stanisavljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition Index ◽  
Yield Quality

Managing N, P and K inputs in semi-natural meadow production systems is important for achieving maximum yields in livestock farming. The objective of the present study was to estimate the effect of different NPK levels (N0P0K0, N50P50K50, N100P50K50, N100P100K100, N150P100K100 and N200P150K150 kg ha-1 yr-1) on the yield, quality and nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) in a grassland community of Agrostietum capillaris (semi-natural meadow) in western Serbia. The study was conducted during the seasons of 2005-2008. The values of the investigated parameters, except for the unit N uptake, were the highest in 2004/2005 due to favorable climate conditions. The levels of nitrogen significantly increased all of the studied parameters compared to the control treatment, except for unit N uptake. Mineral fertilizers at N200P150K150 provided the highest green forage yield (25.12 t ha-1), dry matter yield (8.12 t ha-1), crude protein yield (876.3 kg ha-1), nitrogen uptake (140.2 kg ha-1) and nitrogen nutrition index (70.2%), and the lowest unit N uptake (0.0022 kg N kg DMY-1). The use of mineral fertilizers increased green forage yield, dry matter yield and crude protein yield, increasing fertilizer from lowest to highest rate increased fresh and dry matter yield, as well as protein yield. Based on the results of the study, monitoring of nutrition indices would be necessary in order to increase productivity and economic benefits.

Seasonal changes in nutrient intake and its utilization by range goats in a semi-arid region of India

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHINDE ◽  
S. K. SANKHYAN ◽  
R. BHATTA ◽  
D. L. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Semi Arid

This study was carried out from September 1998 to August 1999, by conducting three experiments, one each in the monsoon, winter and summer seasons. The forage availability and botanical composition of native range were obtained. Five 3–4-year-old Kutchi males, weighing 50–55 kg, were used to determine total faecal output, and were observed to allow the diet selected to be sampled by the hand plucking method. Dry matter (DM) yield of range was highest during winter and lowest during monsoon, annual mean being 1611 kg DM/ha. Contribution of shrub foliage to total forage yield in monsoon, winter and summer was 3·81, 1·64 and 9·98%, respectively. Crude protein (CP) content (g/kg DM) of ground vegetation declined from 99 in monsoon to 72 in winter and 66 in summer, while that of top foliage remained similar in all the seasons (mean CP 142 g/kg). Goats consumed a diet of almost the same CP content (mean CP 137 g/kg) in all the seasons. Goats consumed 64·0, 54·0 and 55·9 g DM/kg W0·75/day, in monsoon, winter and summer (annual mean 58·0 g DM/kg W0·75 /day). DM and CP digestibility coefficients were higher in monsoon and summer (mean DM 0·595; CP 0·533) and decreased (P < 0·05) in winter (DM 0·485, CP 0·424). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility coefficients were highest in monsoon (NDF 0·542; ADF 0·446), and declined (P < 0·05) to 0·340 and 0·266 in winter and 0·415 and 0·326 in summer. Digestible crude protein (DCP) intake was almost similar in monsoon and summer (mean 4·6 g/kg W0·75 /day) and declined (P < 0·05) in winter (3·1 g/kg W0·75 /day), while metabolizable energy (ME) intake was higher in monsoon (0·90 MJ/kg W0·75 /day) and declined (P < 0·05) to 0·78 and 0·80 MJ/kg W0·75 /day, in winter and summer, respectively. Average body weight of goats in monsoon, winter and summer was 54·0, 54·6 and 56·5 kg, respectively (annual mean 55·0 kg). It is concluded that goats grazing on a semi-arid rangeland meet their DCP and ME requirement throughout the year.

Preliminary estimation of forage yield and feeding value of Lupinus angustifolius varieties cultivated in Jalisco, México, during the cool season

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Zamora Natera ◽  
Celene del Rio Obregón ◽  
Isidro Zapata Hernández Ramón Rodríguez Macías ◽  
Pedro Macedonio García López
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Early Harvest

The effects of genotype and harvest date on lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) forage yield and quality were evaluated in Zapopan Jalisco, Mexico. Cultivars Haags Blaue, Boregine, Borlu, Probor, Sonate, and Boruta were grown during the 2013–2014 cool season and harvested twice, in January (early harvest) and February (late harvest). Fresh and dry matter (FM, DM) yield, crude protein(CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), minerals, and total alkaloids were measured at each harvest. FM yields varied from 9.1 to 12.2 t ha-1 and from 23.4 t ha-1 to 35.3 t ha-1 at the first and late harvests, respectively. DM yields from early harvest plants varied from 1.2 to 1.7 t ha-1; those from the second harvest (late harvest date) varied from 3.4 to 6.8 t ha-1. The highest CP content for both (early and late harvests) was identified in the Probor cultivar, at 226 and 187 g/kg, respectively. At early harvest, ADF values varied from 291.2 in Sonate to 392.3 g/kg in Borlu; at late harvest, ADF values varied from 417.2 in Sonate to 488.3 g/kg in Borlu. Harvest date and varieties did not influence alkaloid and mineral content.

scholarly journals Solidago gigantea Ait. and Calamagrostis epigejos (L) Roth invasive plants as potential forage for goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12197
Author(s):  
Sándor HAJNÁCZKI ◽  
Ferenc PAJOR ◽  
Norbert PÉTER ◽  
Ákos BODNÁR ◽  
Károly PENKSZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Solidago Gigantea ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Calamagrostis Epigejos

The experiment focused on feed evaluation was conducted with goats to determine the feeding value of two aggressive weeds, the giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea) and the bushgrass (Calamagrostis epigejos). Studied plants at the pre bloom stage were evaluated for feeding value by 7-month-old castrated goats (n=5 per group, BW=25.0 kg). All animals received no supplemental feed. The two plants differed in content of dry matter (DM) (266 vs. 394 g/kg) as well as in crude protein (119 vs. 86g), crude fibre (222 vs. 317 g) and N-free extract (523 vs. 447 g) per kg DM. In this study, total daily DM intake from giant goldenrod and bushgrass was similar (666 vs. 689 g/goat). Apparent digestibility of these plants was similar for organic matter (58-59%), but differed for crude protein (71 vs 53%) and N-free extract (72-62%). The values of total digestible nutrients (55.9-53.4%), net energy for maintenance (NEm: 4.90-4.54 MJ) and net energy for lactation (NEl: 5.16-4.91 MJ) per kg DM were similar. The study concluded that Solidago gigantea and Calamagrostis epigejos aggressive plants could be interesting feed for goats due to their feeding values. In addition, both of these aggressive weeds are relatively easily available.

scholarly journals Variation of Phytoestrogen Content and Major Agronomic Traits in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Populations

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Marijana Tucak ◽  
Tihomir Čupić ◽  
Daniela Horvat ◽  
Svetislav Popović ◽  
Goran Krizmanić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Forage

Alfalfa is the main perennial legume and a rich source of phytoestrogens. Variation of phytoestrogen content and agronomic traits was evaluated in twenty alfalfa populations over two consecutive years. The most dominant phytoestrogen in alfalfa populations was genistein, while slightly lower levels were found for kaempferol and coumestrol. Several populations (Af 1, 12, 18, 19, 20) showed superior agronomic performance, especially high forage yield (up to 71.93 t ha−1). These populations were also characterized by a lower (Af 1, 12, 18, 20) or high (Af 1, 19) content of total and individual phytoestrogens, including Af 8 population with the highest total content (2637.10 μg g-1 of DM) and content of most of the individual phytoestrogens and favorable agronomic properties. Ward hierarchical clustering method grouped the twenty evaluated populations into four distinct clusters. Identified materials provide a valuable source of germplasm for further breeding programs in order to develop new high-yielding cultivars with either low (for forage use) or high (for possible pharmaceuticals/nutraceuticals industries) phytoestrogen content.

EFFECT OF RHIZOBIAL INOCULATION AND NODULATION ON YIELD AND WINTER SURVIVAL OF SOME ALFALFA CULTIVARS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Tu ◽  
M. M. McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Rhizobial Inoculation ◽  
Second Year ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Made In

A 3-year study was made in the greenhouse and in the field to assess the nodulation response, forage yield, and winter survival of 12 alfalfa cultivars following rhizobial inoculation. The most effective rhizobial concentration for achieving maximum nodulation appeared to be 5 × 103 or 104 rhizobia per cubic centimetre of soil for all cultivars tested and the degree of nodulation response at these levels showed the highest correlation to yield and winter hardiness in postwintering trials. There was a drastic shift in yield ranking among the 12 cultivars in the postwintering harvest compared to that of prewintering. The varietal nodulation response appeared to be associated with winter survival, which in turn affected the forage yield of the second year. The discrepancy in yield ranking between prewinter and postwinter was associated with cultivar nodulation in response to inoculum level, and winterkill. Cultivars of high forage yield generally had good nodulation in response to medium and high levels of rhizobial inoculation and a high winter survival rate. There was no direct relationship between prewinter yield and crude protein content (CPC) in alfalfa forage. Cultivars with more than 22% CPC did not differ significantly in their susceptibility to winterkill, but two cultivars, Caliverde and Berseem, with less than 21% CPC, appeared highly vulnerable to winterkill.Key words: Nodulation, winter hardiness, alfalfa, selection

Early productivity and crude protein content of establishing forage swards composed of combinations of native grass and legume species in mixed-grassland ecoregions

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenalee M. Mischkolz ◽  
Michael P. Schellenberg ◽  
Eric G. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Western Wheatgrass

Mischkolz, J. M., Schellenberg, M. P. and Lamb, E. G. 2013. Early productivity and crude protein content of establishing forage swards composed of combinations of native grass and legume species in mixed-grassland ecoregions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 445–454. We evaluated the early establishment productivity of forage swards of native, perennial, cool and warm season grasses, and legumes as they have the potential to provide non-invasive, productive, and drought resistant rangelands. Seven species with agronomic potential and a broad native geographic distribution were selected for testing including: nodding brome [Bromus anomalus (Coult.)], blue bunch wheatgrass [Pseudoregneria spicata (Pursh)], western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.)], side oats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.)], little blue stem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.)], purple prairie clover [Dalea purpurea (Vent.)], and white prairie clover [Dalea candida (Willd.)]. Forage swards, including all seven monocultures, 21 two-species mixtures and a mixture with all species, were planted in two sites, Saskatoon and Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Western wheatgrass (WWG) had the highest overall plant density and the strongest effect on the forage yield of the forage swards; however, productivity and crude protein content were not reduced when other species were also included in the forage sward. Dalea spp. did not establish as well as the other species, but had the highest crude protein concentrations. This work provides insight into forage sward development at the establishment stage; additional work is required to determine long-term species impacts for well established forage swards.

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