scholarly journals Mineralization of bagged pruning waste in agrosystem on the subtropical coast of Andalusia (Spain)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
M. P. Reyes-Martín ◽  
M. L. Martínez-Cartas ◽  
I. Ortiz-Bernad ◽  
L. M. San-Emeterio ◽  
E. Fernández-Ondoño
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Recalcitrant C ◽  
Garden Waste

Abstract Spreading of pruning waste over the soil surface may increase soil organic carbon, thus improving soil physical properties and serving as a source of nutrients and energy for microbial populations. The aim of this study was to test the effect of the environmental conditions and the biochemical composition of pruning waste from avocado, cherimoya, mango and gardens on their decomposition process in a Mediterranean subtropical climate. Bagged pruning and garden waste were placed on the ground at a distance of 1 m around the trunk of the three trees from each crop. The concentrations in C, N, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, other extracts and ash were determined at the beginning of the experiment (T0), after six (T6) and 24 (T24) months in the field. Initially, significant differences were detected for all types of waste, especially in lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose and other extracts. No significant differences were found in the N content and the C content in mango pruning waste was significantly lower than that in avocado. The greatest weight loss recorded at T24 (63.2%) was related to the lower content in lignin, cellulose and other extracts. Weight losses and C concentrations showed negative correlations with lignin content. Despite the intense decomposition of all the waste, between 55 and 36.8% of the original weights were recorded at the end of the experiment. Recalcitrant C could be the result of the lignin concentrating in the case of the garden waste applied to the different crops.

scholarly journals Session 3 (Joint with the British Dietetic Association): Management of obesity Weight-loss interventions in the treatment of obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Hankey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Weight Losses

Treatments to induce weight loss for the obese patient centre on the achievement of negative energy balance. This objective can theoretically be attained by interventions designed to achieve a reduction in energy intake and/or an increase in energy expenditure. Such ‘lifestyle interventions’ usually comprise one or more of the following strategies: dietary modification; behaviour change; increases in physical activity. These interventions are advocated as first treatment steps in algorithms recommended by current clinical obesity guidelines. Medication and surgical treatments are potentially available to those unable to implement ‘lifestyle interventions’ effectively by achieving losses of between 5 kg and 10 kg. It is accepted that the minimum of 5% weight loss is required to achieve clinically-meaningful benefits. Dietary treatments differ widely. Successful weight loss is most often associated with quantification of energy intake rather than macronutrient composition. Most dietary intervention studies secure a weight loss of between 5 kg and 10 kg after intervention for 6 months, with gradual weight regain at 1 year where weight changes are 3–4 kg below the starting weight. Some dietary interventions when evaluated at 2 and 4 years post intervention report the effects of weight maintenance rather than weight loss. Specific anti-obesity medications are effective adjuncts to weight loss, in most cases doubling the weight loss of those given dietary advice only. Greater physical activity alone increases energy expenditure by insufficient amounts to facilitate clinically-important weight losses, but is useful for weight maintenance. Weight losses of between half and three-quarters of excess body weight are seen at 10 years post intervention with bariatric surgery, making this arguably the most effective weight-loss treatment.

scholarly journals Telemedical Coaching Improves Long-Term Weight Loss in Overweight Persons: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Kempf ◽  
Martin Röhling ◽  
Monika Stichert ◽  
Gabriele Fischer ◽  
Elke Boschem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Health Care Setting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Occupational Health Care ◽  
Weight Losses

Background. Lifestyle interventions have shown to be effective when continuous personal support was provided. However, there is lack of knowledge whether a telemedical-approach with personal coaching contributes to long-term weight losses in overweight employees. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that telemedical-based lifestyle interventions accompanied with telemedical coaching lead to larger weight losses in overweight persons in an occupational health care setting. Methods. Overweight employees (n=180) with a body mass index (BMI) of >27 kg/m2 were randomized into either a telemedical (TM) group (n=61), a telemedical coaching (TMC) group (n=58), or a control group (n=61). Both intervention groups were equipped with scales and pedometers automatically transferring the data into a personalized online portal, which could be monitored from participants and coaches. Participants of the TMC group received additionally one motivational care call per week by mental coaches to discuss the current data (current weight and steps) and achieving goals such as a healthy lifestyle or weight reduction. The control group remained in routine care. Clinical and anthropometric data were determined after the 12-week intervention. Additionally, weight change was followed up after 12 months. Results. Participants of TMC (-3.1 ± 4.8 kg, p<0.0001) and TM group (-1.9 ± 4.0 kg; p=0.0012) significantly reduced weight and sustained it during the 1-year follow-up, while the control group showed no change. Compared to the control group only weight loss in the TMC group was significantly different (p<0.001) after 12 months. TMC and TM group also reduced BMI, waist circumference, and LDL cholesterol. Moreover, TMC group improved additionally systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and HbA1c. Conclusions. Telemedical devices in combination with telemedical coaching lead to significant long-term weight reductions in overweight persons in an occupational health care setting. This study is registered with NCT01868763, ClinicalTrials.gov.

BestFIT Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial Results: A SMART Approach to Developing Individualized Weight Loss Treatment Sequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E Sherwood ◽  
A Lauren Crain ◽  
Elisabeth M Seburg ◽  
Meghan L Butryn ◽  
Evan M Forman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Treatment ◽  
Adaptive Intervention ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Multiple Assignment

Abstract Background State-of-the-art behavioral weight loss treatment (SBT) can lead to clinically meaningful weight loss, but only 30–60% achieve this goal. Developing adaptive interventions that change based on individual progress could increase the number of people who benefit. Purpose Conduct a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) to determine the optimal time to identify SBT suboptimal responders and whether it is better to switch to portion-controlled meals (PCM) or acceptance-based treatment (ABT). Method The BestFIT trial enrolled 468 adults with obesity who started SBT and were randomized to treatment response assessment at Session 3 (Early TRA) or 7 (Late TRA). Suboptimal responders were re-randomized to PCM or ABT. Responders continued SBT. Primary outcomes were weight change at 6 and 18 months. Results PCM participants lost more weight at 6 months (−18.4 lbs, 95% CI −20.5, −16.2) than ABT participants (−15.7 lbs, 95% CI: −18.0, −13.4), but this difference was not statistically significant (−2.7 lbs, 95% CI: −5.8, 0.5, p = .09). PCM and ABT participant 18 month weight loss did not differ. Early and Late TRA participants had similar weight losses (p = .96), however, Early TRA PCM participants lost more weight than Late TRA PCM participants (p = .03). Conclusions Results suggest adaptive intervention sequences that warrant further research (e.g., identify suboptimal responders at Session 3, use PCMs as second-stage treatment). Utilizing the SMART methodology to develop an adaptive weight loss intervention that would outperform gold standard SBT in a randomized controlled trial is an important next step, but may require additional optimization work. Clinical Trial information ClinicalTrials.gov identifier; NCT02368002

Is there any conclusive evidence that exercise alone reduces glucose intolerance?

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S18-S23
Author(s):  
Arne Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Obese Subjects

Physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, although such effects are short-lasting and regular exercise is needed to sustain them. Weight loss, especially loss of visceral fat, appears to be especially important in improving metabolic function and clinical outcomes. The most important consequences of exercise are probably promotion of weight loss and prevention of weight gain. Substantial weight losses, associated with significant improvements in glycaemic control and reductions in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, have been observed in intervention studies in overweight or obese subjects. These benefits were achieved using intensive lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy or surgery. Thus, programmes of diet and exercise aimed at achieving control of body weight should play a central role in strategies for diabetes prevention.

scholarly journals Degradation of Starch–Poly(β-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-β-Hydroxyvalerate) Bioplastic in Tropical Coastal Waters

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Imam ◽  
S. H. Gordon ◽  
R. L. Shogren ◽  
T. R. Tosteson ◽  
N. S. Govind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Microbial Enumeration

ABSTRACT Extruded bioplastic was prepared from cornstarch or poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) or blends of cornstarch and PHBV. The blended formulations contained 30 or 50% starch in the presence or absence of polyethylene oxide (PEO), which enhances adherence of starch granules to PHBV. Degradation of these formulations was monitored for 1 year at four stations in coastal water southwest of Puerto Rico. Two stations were within a mangrove stand. The other two were offshore; one of these stations was on a shallow shoulder of a reef, and the other was at a location in deeper water. Microbial enumeration at the four stations revealed considerable flux in the populations over the course of the year. However, in general, the overall population densities were 1 order of magnitude less at the deeper-water station than at the other stations. Starch degraders were 10- to 50-fold more prevalent than PHBV degraders at all of the stations. Accordingly, degradation of the bioplastic, as determined by weight loss and deterioration of tensile properties, correlated with the amount of starch present (100% starch >50% starch > 30% starch > 100% PHBV). Incorporation of PEO into blends slightly retarded the rate of degradation. The rate of loss of starch from the 100% starch samples was about 2%/day, while the rate of loss of PHBV from the 100% PHBV samples was about 0.1%/day. Biphasic weight loss was observed for the starch-PHBV blends at all of the stations. A predictive mathematical model for loss of individual polymers from a 30% starch–70% PHBV formulation was developed and experimentally validated. The model showed that PHBV degradation was delayed 50 days until more than 80% of the starch was consumed and predicted that starch and PHBV in the blend had half-lives of 19 and 158 days, respectively. Consistent with the relatively low microbial populations, bioplastic degradation at the deeper-water station exhibited an initial lag period, after which degradation rates comparable to the degradation rates at the other stations were observed. Presumably, significant biodegradation occurred only after colonization of the plastic, a parameter that was dependent on the resident microbial populations. Therefore, it can be reasonably inferred that extended degradation lags would occur in open ocean water where microbes are sparse.

Physiological and behavioral responses to starvation in the golden hamster.

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
pp. E105 ◽  
Author(s):  
K T Borer ◽  
N Rowland ◽  
A Mirow ◽  
R C Borer ◽  
R P Kelch
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Access To Food

Physiological and behavioral responses of adult hamsters to starvation were studied by measuring food intake, weight recovery, serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate, and ketonuria in animals subjected to different weight losses, diets, and durations of fast. Hamsters were debilitated by fasts longer than 12 h or leading to greater than 20% weight loss. Hamsters' feeding patterns were unmodified by fasts ranging between 5 and 12 h and showed no circadian periodicity. Hamsters predominantly recovered from weight losses without increasing their food consumption (unless they were offered a diet of pellets and seeds) and without changing their meal patterns, at a rate of weight gain proportional to the magnitude of preceding weight loss if provided with uninterrupted access to food. By 8 h of fast, blood metabolites were indicative of mobilization of body fat. Hamsters are thus behaviorally unresponsive to duration of fast, but compensate physiologically for weight losses with proportional increases in the rate of weight gain.

scholarly journals Free Riding without Dead Weight Losses

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5168
Author(s):  
Kwon-Sik Kim ◽  
Seong-ho Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Dead Weight ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Weight Losses

Traditional economic theory assumes that dead weight loss due to free riding on public goods is inevitable. This study demonstrates that free riding without dead weight losses can theoretically exist through Bowen’s model. To this end, this study uses the consumer surplus analysis to present the conditions for free-riding that do not involve dead weight losses, as well as to demonstrate that policy choices that satisfy both the value of efficiency and equity in the supply of public goods are possible. This article formularizes the conditions under which such exceptional cases occur and examines what policy implications the presence of such conditions have in making decisions about the provision of public goods. The discussion of possibility and conditions for free-riding without dead weight losses is significant in that it suggests theoretical and policy implications for policies to raise equity as another important value, not just providing a solution to market failure.

Durability of untreated Norway spruce (Picea abies) exposed outdoors above ground for nine years

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bergström ◽  
Å. Rydell ◽  
T. Elowson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

Abstract Moisture dynamics and durability during weather exposure as affected by origin and production method were studied for nine years on 113 untreated spruce samples. The moisture content was measured on 67 occasions. The weight loss was determined for each sample at the end of the sampling period. The most important factors, affecting both moisture content and weight loss, were origin and drying technique. The samples originating from central Sweden had the best durability, followed by the southern stand, while the northern stand had the lowest durability in terms of weight loss. Air-drying had a negative impact on the performance of samples from all three stands, but to different degrees. Samples from the northern stand were most sensitive to air-drying, in terms of both weight loss and moisture content, followed by the southern stand, while the central stand was least sensitive. Why the samples from the northern stand were more sensitive to air-drying and showed the largest weight losses is unknown; it can only be suggested that the origin of the wood can be of importance for the durability.

Exercise training versus diet-induced weight-loss on metabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers in obese subjects: a 12-week randomized intervention study

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (4) ◽  
pp. E824-E831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Christiansen ◽  
Søren K. Paulsen ◽  
Jens M. Bruun ◽  
Steen B. Pedersen ◽  
Bjørn Richelsen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Very Low Energy Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Randomized Intervention Study ◽  
Circulating Inflammatory Markers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training and diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination on inflammatory markers in circulation, in adipose tissue (AT) and in skeletal muscle (SM) in obese subjects. Seventy-nine obese subjects were randomized into a 12-wk intervention: 1) exercise only (EXO), 2) diet-induced weight loss using a very low energy diet (DIO), and 3) exercise and diet-induced weight-loss combined (DEX). Blood samples (metabolic and inflammatory markers) and AT and SM biopsies (mRNA expression) were collected at baseline and after 12 wk. In the EXO group the weight loss was 3.5 kg and in the DIO and DEX groups it was 12 kg in both. V̇o2max was increased by 14–18% in the EXO and DEX groups with no changes in the DIO group. In the DIO and DEX groups, circulating levels of MCP-1, MIP-1α, IL-15, and IL-18 were decreased, and adiponectin was increased ( P < 0.05 for all). In the EXO group, MCP-1 was decreased with 10% ( P = 0.06). By combining the weight loss in all three groups, we found a correlation between the degree of weight loss and improvement in several of the inflammatory markers ( P < 0.05). In AT biopsies, subjects in the DIO and DEX groups achieved a general beneficial but nonsignificant effect on the gene expression of inflammatory markers. In the EXO group, no changes in AT adipokine mRNA were found except for an increment of adiponectin ( P < 0.05). In SM, the only observed change was that the gene expression of IL-6 was increased in all three groups ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, rather large weight losses (>5–7%) were found to have beneficial effects on circulating inflammatory markers in these obese subjects. Aerobic exercise for 12 wk, which increased V̇o2max, was found to have no effects on circulating inflammatory markers in these obese patients. It is suggested that more intensive exercise may be necessary to affect systemic inflammation.

Influence of long-term feedlot manure amendments on soil hydraulic conductivity, water-stable aggregates, and soil thermal properties during the growing season

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Miller ◽  
B.W. Beasley ◽  
C.F. Drury ◽  
F.J. Larney ◽  
X. Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Thermal Properties

Long-term application of feedlot manure to cropland may change the physical properties of soils. We measured selected soil (surface) physical properties of a Dark Brown Chernozemic clay loam where different amendments were annually applied for 15 (2013), 16 (2014), and 17 (2015) yr. The treatments were stockpiled (SM) or composted (CM) manure with either straw (ST) or wood-chip (WD) bedding applied at three rates (13, 39, and 77 Mg ha−1) and an unamended control. The effect of selected or all treatments on selected properties was determined in 2013–2015. These properties included field-saturated (Kfs) and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity or K(ψ), bulk density (BD), volumetric water content, soil temperature, soil thermal properties, and wet aggregate stability. The hypotheses that selected soil physical properties would improve more for treatments with greater total carbon in the amendments (SM > CM, WD > ST) was rejected. The exceptions were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower soil BD for SM than CM and WD than ST for certain dates, and lower soil thermal conductivity for WD than ST. Most soil physical properties generally had no response to 15–17 yr of annual applications of these feedlot amendments, but a few showed a positive response.

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