Supplementary grain and sodium propionate increase the liveweight gain and glucose entry rates of steers given molasses diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. PEIRIS ◽  
R. ELLIOTT ◽  
B. W. NORTON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Sorghum Grain

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplements of sorghum grain (1·1 kg/day), sodium propionate (65 g/day) and intra-abomasal glucose infusion (200 g/day) on the liveweight gain (LWG), glucose metabolism and nitrogen utilization of Hereford steers (four per group) given molasses-based diets ad libitum (molasses 589, urea 18, sunflower meal 194, pangola grass hay 187, minerals 12 g/kg as fed). There was no significant effect of treatment on voluntary feed consumption (97–106 g dry matter (DM)/kg0·75 per day) or DM digestibility (0·564–0·579). The LWG of steers given grain supplements (899 g/day) and sodium propionate (943 g/day) were significantly (P<0·05) higher than those of steers given the basal diet (741 g/day) and basal diet plus glucose infusion (794 g/day).All supplements decreased plasma urea concentrations and urinary N excretion and increased the efficiency of N utilization from 0·19 to 0·36–0·38 g N retained per g apparently digested N intake. The provision of grain (13% DM intake) increased ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in rumen fluid, and both grain and sodium propionate increased the proportion of propionic acid in ruminal VFA. Grain supplementation and glucose infusions significantly (P<0·05) increased glucose entry rates (g/day and g/kg0·75 per day) without affecting plasma glucose concentrations or glucose pool size and space. Sodium propionate supplements increased plasma insulin concentrations to a lesser extent than grain supplements and glucose infusion. Increased glucose availability in the present studies was associated with an improved utilization of dietary protein and, in some cases, with improved LWG.

Substitution of sorghum grain for molasses increases the liveweight gain of steers given molasses-based diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. PEIRIS ◽  
R. ELLIOTT ◽  
B. W. NORTON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Sorghum grain was included in a basal diet of molasses (molasses 505, urea 21, sunflower meal 191, pangola grass hay 250, minerals 31 g/kg as fed) at rates of 0, 202, 391 and 707 g/kg, generating diets in which grain replaced 0 (diet A), 33 (diet B), 66 (diet C) and 100% (diet D) of the molasses and hay. The four diets were fed to groups of four Hereford steers (293–334 kg liveweight) over a 96-day period. One half of each treatment group was implanted with a growth promotant (zeranol), and all were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir at the end of the trial. The inclusion of 33% grain increased voluntary feed consumption, digestible dry matter (DM) intake (from 57·6 to 82·0 g digestible DM/kg0·75 per day and significantly increased liveweight gain from 592 to 900 g/day. Zeranol implantation also increased liveweight gain but not feed intake. Steers given only grain (diet D) had the highest liveweight gains (1127 g/day). The addition of grain to molasses diets decreased urinary N excretion and increased ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in rumen fluid. Molar proportions of propionic acid in total VFA increased from 0·15 to 0·20, and butyric acid decreased from 0·36 to 0·29 when 33% of the molasses was replaced by sorghum grain. The fat content (depth at sacral position) of the carcasses of steers given grain only (diet D) was significantly greater (14 mm) than that of steers given the basal diet of molasses (4 mm), and carcass fat contents were intermediate (10 and 11 mm) for steers given diets B and C respectively. It was concluded that the inclusion of small amounts of grain in molasses-based diets increased cattle growth principally by increasing digestible energy intake without decreasing molasses intake, thus improving the efficiency of utilization of molasses in molasses-based diets.

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF SOYBEAN, RAPESEED, AND FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED RAPESEED MEALS IN UREA-CONTAINING CALF RATIONS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Molar Percent

Twenty-four Holstein calves were fed three experimental rations containing either 14% soybean meal, 20% rapeseed meal, or 20% formaldehyde-treated (0.7 g formaldehyde/100 g protein) rapeseed meal from 8 to 22 wk of age. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in feed consumption, dry matter intake, liveweight gain, and feed conversion among the three groups. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in rumen ammonia levels in calves receiving the treated rapeseed meal compared with the untreated rapeseed meal rations. Plasma urea levels and rumen fluid volatile fatty acids (mmol/100 ml and molar percent) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among treatments. There were no significant differences in the digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen, acid detergent fiber, and gross energy among treatments, although treating the rapeseed meal with formaldehyde tended to reduce dry matter, nitrogen, fiber, and energy digestibility.

scholarly journals RUMEN FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY IN STEERS AS INFLUENCED BY LEVEL OF INTAKE AND MONENSIN

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-860
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON ◽  
M. J. FARMER ◽  
K. A. BASSENDOWSKI ◽  
G. M. STEACY
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Four Levels

The effects of level of feed intake and monensin on rumen fermentation and digestibility in steers were evaluated. The four levels of feed intake were 30, 50, 70 and 90 g of dry matter per kilogram body weight raised to the 0.75 power (g/kg0.75). Monensin was included at 0 and 33 mg/kg diet. The diet contained 60% rolled barley and 36.5% alfalfa pellets. Organic matter digestibility decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of intake when the control diet was fed but was not affected by intake when monensin was included in the feed. Crude protein digestibility was consistently higher (P < 0.05) in monensin than control-fed steers at all four intake levels and decreased with increasing feed consumption in steers fed both control and monensin diets. Rumen fluid pH and ammonia and plasma urea nitrogen were not affected by monensin, and decreased (P < 0.05) as feed intake increased. Both higher feed intake and monensin caused an increase in the molar proportion of ruminal propionic acid and a decrease in the proportion of acetic acid. Key words: Intake monensin, digestibility, PUN, VFA, cattle

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED RAPESEED MEAL FOR DAIRY CALVES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Treatment of oilseed meals with formaldehyde (FA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the solubility of protein in 0.02 N NaOH and the production of NH3 in the artificial rumen. Ten Holstein and Holstein × Brown Swiss calves of both sexes were fed two test rations containing either 26% untreated or formaldehyde-treated (5.6 g FA per 100 g protein) rapeseed meal (FA-treated RSM) for 14 weeks. Plasma urea nitrogen (N) and rumen NH3 levels were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the FA-treated RSM calves compared with the control calves during the first 8 weeks of the growth trial. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in dry matter consumption, daily gain, or feed efficiency was observed. Total volatile fatty acids (VFA) (mmoles/100 ml) concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in rumen fluid from the control calves compared with those receiving treated RSM. Molar percentages of the VFA’s were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the two groups. In the N balance and digestibility trial, dry matter consumption did not differ significantly (P > 0.05); however, the FA-treated RSM resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) dry matter and crude protein digestibility. Calves receiving the treated RSM had reduced (P < 0.01) urinary N excretion; however, there was no significant effect (P > 0.05) on N consumption and retention.

ALFALFA SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORNCOB DIETS FOR SHEEP: COMPARISON WITH HIGHER VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS, SOYBEAN PROTEIN AND ALFALFA FIBER ON INTAKE, ENVIRONMENT AND DIGESTION IN THE RUMEN AND DIGESTA PASSAGE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. NDLOVU ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Protein Preparation ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

Nine lambs fitted with rumen cannulae were used in two 5 × 5 Latin squares to measure the effect of alfalfa hay, C4- and C5-branched- and straight-chain volatile fatty acids (C4/C5 VFAs), cell wall from alfalfa hay (ALFCW) and a soybean protein preparation on intake and rumen digestion of a basal corncob diet with urea included at 30 g kg−1. Relative to the control, alfalfa hay decreased (P < 0.05) intake of the basal diet but increased (P < 0.05) total dry matter intake. ALFCW and soybean protein did not affect intake of the basal diet and total dry matter (P > 0.05). C4/C5 VFAs increased intake of basal diet by sheep in one square (P < 0.05) but had no effect (P > 0.05) on intake with sheep in the other square. Alfalfa hay, ALFCW and soybean protein increased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentration in rumen fluid while only alfalfa hay and C4/C5 VFAs consistently increased isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate levels in rumen fluid (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control diet, soybean protein elevated (P < 0.05) mean rumen ammonia-N levels whereas C4/C5 VFAs depressed them; however, values exceeded 17 mg dL−1 rumen fluid on all treatments. Most measures of digestion kinetics of fiber from corncobs were unaffected by supplementation (P > 0.05). Alfalfa hay and ALFCW increased (P < 0.05) rate of passage of digesta from the reticulo-rumen. It was concluded that alfalfa hay has a reduced role in improving intake of corncob diets when there is also sufficient NPN in the diet. Key words: Roughage (poor quality), volatile fatty acids, rumen ammonia levels, chromium-mordanted cell walls

Increasing magnesium intakes in relation to magnesium absorption in dry cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surasak Jittakhot ◽  
J Thomas Schonewille ◽  
Hugo Wouterse ◽  
Anton WJ Uijttewaal ◽  
Chalermpon Yuangklang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Saturation Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Earlier studies with temporarily isolated rumen of heifers show saturation kinetics of Mg efflux across the rumen wall. Therefore, we hypothesized that high Mg intakes would not further increase the rate of Mg absorption in cows. To test our hypothesis, six ruminally fistulated non-pregnant dry cows were given diets with different Mg concentrations in a 6×6 Latin square design. Desired concentrations of Mg were attained by adding MgO to the basal diet and the Mg concentrations in the total rations were 3·8, 6·4, 9·1, 11·8, 14·1 and 17·3 g Mg/kg dry matter, which provided Mg intakes of 27·1, 44·6, 64·6, 83·5, 100·4 and 124·3 g/d, respectively. Increasing Mg intakes were associated with increased (P<0·001) faecal Mg excretion. However, apparent Mg absorption expressed as g/d was not significantly different for Mg intakes from 100·4 to 124·3 g/d while Mg absorption expressed as a proportion of intake was not significantly different for Mg intakes ranging from 64·6 to 124·3 g/d. Mg concentrations in rumen fluid after feeding increased (P<0·001) with increasing Mg intakes. Apparent absorption of Mg appeared to become saturated at a ruminal Mg concentration of 17·5 mM (Mg intake of 83·5 g/d). Group-mean post-feeding concentrations of Mg and Na in rumen fluid were significantly correlated (Pearson's r=−0·96; P=0·003, n=6). This study showed that under conditions of practical dairy cow feeding, Mg absorption was maximal at Mg intakes [ges ]84 g/d.

Production responses of reproducing ewes to a by-product-based diet inoculated with the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H57

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oanh T. Le ◽  
Benjamin Schofield ◽  
Peter J. Dart ◽  
Matthew J. Callaghan ◽  
Allan T. Lisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Sorghum Grain

The potential application of the spore-forming probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H57 (H57) as a novel probiotic for ruminants was evaluated in reproducing ewes. Performance responses were determined by delivering H57 in a pelleted diet based mainly on palm kernel meal (PKM) and sorghum grain. PKM is an agro-industrial by-product with a reputation for poor palatability and the availability of the starch in sorghum grain can be limited in ruminants. The hypothesis was that H57 improves the feeding value of a relatively low quality concentrate diet. Twenty-four first-parity white Dorper ewes were fed PKM-based pellets manufactured with or without H57 (109 cfu/kg pellet) in late pregnancy. During this phase of late pregnancy, the H57 ewes ate 17% more dry matter (1019 vs 874 g/day, P = 0.03), gained more weight (194 vs 30 g/day, P = 0.008) and retained more nitrogen (6.13 vs 3.34 g/day, P = 0.01), but produced lambs with a similar birthweight (4.1 vs 4.2 kg, P = 0.73). Rumen fluid collected from H57 ewes in late pregnancy had higher pH (7.1 vs 6.8, P = 0.07), acetate : propionate ratio (3.4 vs 2.7, P = 0.04), lower ammonia (69 vs 147 mmol/L, P = 0.001) and total volatile fatty acid concentrations (40 vs 61 mg/L, P = 0.02). The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and fibre were similar between the two groups. The lambs of the H57 ewes grew faster than those of the Control ewes for the first 21 days of lactation (349 vs 272 g/day, P = 0.03), but not thereafter. H57 can improve feed intake and maternal liveweight gain in late pregnancy of first-parity ewes fed a diet based on PKM.

scholarly journals NUTRIENT INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN STUDIES IN GOATS FED VARYING LEVELS OF CASSAVA PEELS AND BREWER'S DRIED GRAIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
T. A. ADEGBOLA ◽  
R. C. OGBONNA ◽  
N. E. NWACHUKWU
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Cassava Peel

Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and some rumen and blood metabolites were investigated in goats fed five diets composed of cassava peel and brewer's dried grains (BDG) in the ratios of approximately 82:8, 69:20, 57:33, 44:45 and 32:58. Urea and molasses were included in each diet at 2% and 7.5% respectively and the crude protein levels of the diets were approximately 8%, 11%, 14%, 17% and 20%. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in Dry matter and Organic matter intake but N intake Increased up to Diet 4. There were dietary effects on the digestibility of DM, N, crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, either extract, nitrogen free extract and energy but not 0M. The highest digestibility values were obtained on diet 4 for most of the nutrients. The concentrations of rumen ammonia and blood plasma urea increased from Diet 1 to Diet 5. There were significant (P < 0.05) dietary effect on rumen fluid ph. Rumen protozoal count increased from Diet 1 to Diet 5. The depression in digestibility of Diet 5 would indicate that BDG should not be included at up to 58% in the diet of goats.

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTIBILITY IN DAIRY CALVES WEANED AT THREE, FIVE, AND SEVEN WEEKS OF AGE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Weaning Age

Ayrshire and Holstein bull calves were weaned onto dry feed at 3, 5, and 7 wk of age. Growth rates from birth to 14 wk of age, and feed intake and feed efficiency from 9 to 14 wk were not affected by weaning age. Dry matter digestibility in the week after weaning was similar for the different weaning age treatments and for the several digestion periods up to 14 wk of age. Nitrogen (N) retention was lower in the 3-wk weaned group immediately after weaning but when compared at uniform ages of 8 and 14 wk N retention was the same in the three weaning age groups. Total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in rumen fluid and proportions of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids were not affected by weaning age in the week after weaning and showed little change in proportions of individual VFA up to 14 wk, when the diet composition was constant. It was concluded that early weaning, at 3 wk of age, had little or no effect on the calf except for a slight slowing in growth during the week after weaning. Dry feed consumption increased rapidly and a relatively stable rumen fermentation developed as quickly in the calves weaned at 3 wk as in those weaned at 5 and 7 wk. In the week after weaning, dry matter and energy were digested as effectively in the early-weaned calves as in those weaned at 5 and 7 wk. Key words: Calves, weaning, digestibility, VFA

Amino acid nutrition of the lactating sow: the requirement for dietary lysine

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wilkinson ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactating Sow

ABSTRACTThe lysine requirement of the lactating sow was examined in two Latin-square experiments using multiparous sows, in mid lactation, each of which suckled a litter of 10 piglets. The lysine requirement was examined by the addition of supplementary synthetic lysine to a basal diet deficient in lysine, to give dietary lysine levels of 6·4 to 17·2g/kg dry matter. The adequacy of the lysine supply was judged by the responses of plasma lysine, plasma and urea-nitrogen, urinary urea-nitrogen and milk composition. Intersecting linear regression lines were fitted to the treatment means. The responses of urinary urea-nitrogen, in the two experiments, indicated that the lactating sow required approximately 48·5 g dietary lysine per day while the response of plasma lysine indicated a requirement of approximately 51 g lysine per day. Plasma urea and milk composition were less useful as indicators of the nutritional adequacy than were urinary urea-nitrogen and plasma lysine.

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