NON-UPTAKE OF FACILITY-BASED MATERNITY SERVICES IN AN INNER-CITY COMMUNITY IN LAGOS, NIGERIA: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O. OLUSANYA ◽  
O. P. ALAKIJA ◽  
V. A. INEM
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Hospital Delivery ◽  
Maternity Services ◽  
Skilled Attendants

SummaryScaling-up of skilled attendants and facility-based services is necessary for improving maternal and child care in developing countries but their effectiveness is crucially influenced by the uptake of such services. This study set out to establish the pattern and uptake of maternity services and associated factors against the backdrop of rapid urbanization in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of mothers attending the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization clinics in inner-city Lagos was conducted from July 2005 to December 2007, and their association with non-hospital delivery and use of unskilled attendants was determined by multiple logistic regression analyses. Of the 6465 participants, over half (51.4%) delivered outside hospital facilities and 81.8% of this group had no skilled attendants at delivery. Non-hospital delivery or the presence of unskilled attendants at delivery was associated with teenage mothers, Muslim religion, low or middle social class and use of herbal drugs in pregnancy. Additionally, non-hospital delivery was associated with ethnicity (Yoruba tribe), lack of tertiary education or full-time employment, accommodation with shared sanitation facilities and multiparity. The results suggest that availability of and access/proximity to hospital facilities or skilled attendants is no guarantee of uptake of maternity services. Efforts aimed at improving maternal and child health in developing countries should take cognisance of the socio-demographic and cultural underpinnings of maternal health-seeking behaviour of urban mothers beyond the provision of facility-based services or strengthening of the existing health care systems.

scholarly journals PhD Students’ Background and Program Characteristics as Related to Success in Kenyan Universities

10.28945/4467 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 057-074
Author(s):  
Hyrine Mueni Matheka ◽  
Ellen E.P.W.A. Jansen ◽  
Adriaan W.H.A Hofman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Program Characteristics ◽  
Students Success

Aim/Purpose: Kenya plans to be a middle-income country by the year 2030. To achieve this development target, the country has rapidly expanded its university sub-sector in order to produce the requisite skilled professionals. This has put a strain on the available PhD holders thus heightening the pressure on universities to produce more PhD graduates to meet the required larger pool of highly qualified professionals to service the academia and other sectors of the economy. However, the PhD graduation rate per year is very low and unexplained. This study sought to explain the factors influencing PhD success rates in Kenyan universities. Background: This cross-sectional study set out to establish how PhD students’ background and program characteristics are related to their success. This knowledge will inform policies and strategies to enhance PhD training and success in Kenya. Methodology: Data on 1,992 PhD students was collected from 10 universities by using the Microsoft Excel data tool to collect administrative data. The researchers utilized the data collection to construct a quantitative research design. The PhD students were enrolled in the following program domains/clusters: Humanities and Social Sciences, Business and Economics, Physical and Life Sciences, Applied Sciences and Medical Sciences. Contribution: PhD success factors have been extensively studied in developed countries. This paper builds on this body of knowledge with a specific focus on developing countries like Kenya. Findings: Students’ background characteristics (age, nationality, gender, financial support and marital statuses) were not related to PhD students’ success, however, full-time employed PhD students had better progression than their part-time colleagues. Program characteristics (program cluster and mode of study) were significantly related to students’ success. Students who had delayed for two years or more years had limited chance to graduate. Recommendations for Practitioners: To improve the PhD education system, practitioners should endeavor to monitor and track the progress of their PhD students. To do this, the researchers recommend that the universities collect and keep good records of these types of data. Universities should come up with strategies to build on or mitigate against the factors that have been identified to influence PhD success. Recommendation for Researchers: The researchers recommend further research, especially in developing countries, to understand the PhD study systems and inform effective interventions. Impact on Society: To identify, conceptualize or mitigate against the factors which influence PhD success lead to higher success in PhD training in order to enhance knowledge to solve societal problems. Future Research: Further research is recommended especially in the context of developing countries to establish how supervisor–student interactions, availability of infrastructural resources, and students’ motivation, efficacy and well-being relate to PhD success in Kenyan universities

scholarly journals Knowledge, Practice and Problems of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers Attending the Outpatient Clinic of a Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Designated Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
T. G. Okari ◽  
J. E. Aitafo ◽  
U. Onubogu ◽  
B. A. West
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Delivery ◽  
Knowledge Practice

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) provides all an infant requires for optimal growth and development in the first six months of life. Although most babies are breastfed in Nigeria, only 23% are exclusively breastfed. This study was carried out to ascertain the knowledge, practice and problems associated with EBF amongst mothers attending the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Methods: A 5-month cross sectional study was carried out in the Paediatric outpatient clinic (POPC) of RSUTH. A total of 343 mothers were randomly recruited and a pre-tested structured questionnaire administered after obtaining informed consent. Results: Ninety eight percent of the mothers had heard of EBF, 88% knew of its content and 80.2% knew that the duration of EBF was for 6 months. Only 46.4% exclusively breastfed their babies for 6 months and about 66% of participants knew of its benefits to both mother and child. Breastfeeding was commenced within 1 hour of delivery by 40.8% of mothers and pre-lacteal feeds given by 34.1% of mothers. Tertiary education, attending antenatal clinic and hospital delivery were significantly associated with good knowledge of EBF, while hospital delivery and multiparous women with at least 4 pregnancies were significantly associated with good EBF practice. Common challenges to EBF were perception that breast milk was insufficient for the babies (17.5%) and the need for mothers to return to work (9.3%). Conclusion: Knowledge of EBF was high among mothers attending the POPC in RSUTH but the EBF rate was suboptimal. Increased health education on the importance of EBF, the provision of creches at work places and the extension of maternity leave is advocated.

scholarly journals Diabetes Prevention in Nepal: Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of the 40+ Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Saraswati Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The People ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

Introduction: Diabetes was once thought to be a problem exclusively of developed countries and the wealthy. Now diabetes has imposed a heavy burden on both the developed and developing countries. Urbanization, with the adoption of “western lifestyles”, has been identified as the main reason.The objective of this study is to explore demographic details of diabetes patients and assess the knowledge and attitude regarding preventive measures on diabetes mellitus among the people above 40 years old in Nepal.Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study involving 100 people measure was used to carry out this research.Result: About 20.54% of the respondents responded that sedentary life style is the main cause of diabetes, 18.98% pointed out frequent urination as the major symptom. 84% responded that diabetes could be prevented. 19.04 % considered diet control could help in the treatment of diabetes. 100% respondent responded that smoking and drinking alcohol should be avoided while 18.98% took kidney disease and eye problem as the major complications of diabetes. Majority of the respondents (88%) responded that exercise could help in the control and prevention of diabetes.Conclusion: The risk of diabetes continued to increase worldwide due to population growth, aging, urbanization and increasing prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity. Most of the studies have proved that the number will increase more in developing countries due to rapid urbanization, dietary pattern and sedentary life.Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol.1(1) 2014: 46-52

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in selected health areas in a rural health district in Cameroon: a cross-sectional analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Pone Simo ◽  
Valirie Ndip Agbor ◽  
Francine Zeuga Temgoua ◽  
Leo Cedric Fosso Fozeu ◽  
Divine Tim Bonghaseh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Overweight and obesity are major public health problems worldwide, with projections suggesting a proportional increase in the number of affected individuals in developing countries by the year 2030. Evidence-based preventive strategies are needed to reduce the burden of overweight and obesity in developing countries. We assessed the prevalence of, and factors associated with overweight and obesity in selected health areas in West Cameroon. Methods Data were collected from a community-based cross-sectional study, involving the consecutive recruitment of participants aged 18 years or older. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the WHO classification. The statistical software R (version 3.5.1, The R Foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria) was used for statistical analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess independent factors associated with overweight and obesity, and obesity. Results Records of 485 participants were included for analysis. The age and sex-standardized prevalence of overweight, obesity, and overweight and obesity were 31.1% (95% CI, 27.0–35.2), 18.9% (95% CI, 14.9–22.9), and 50.1% (95% CI, 45.7–54.6), respectively. In multivariable analysis, being female (adjusted OR [aOR] = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.69–4.63), married (aOR = 3.90, 95% CI = 2.23–6.95), and having secondary or tertiary education (aOR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.77–6.17) were associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity, while current smokers had lower odds of overweight and obesity (aOR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.16–0.82) when compared to their respective counterpart. Compared to their respective reference categories, being female being (aOR = 3.74, 95% CI = 2.01–7.30), married (aOR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.37–5.05) and having secondary or tertiary education (aOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.00–4.23) were associated with higher odds of obesity after adjustments for confounding. Conclusion We observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this study. The odds of overweight and obesity was higher in females, married participants, and those with higher levels of education. Community-based interventions to control overweight and obesity should consider targeting these groups.

scholarly journals Awareness and perception of vasectomy among antenatal women in a tertiary health facility in southeast Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1706
Author(s):  
Lawrence C. Ikeako ◽  
Johnpaul E. Nnagbo ◽  
Uchenna A. Umeh ◽  
Hyginus U. Ezegwui ◽  
Chibuike O. Chigbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Performance ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Nigeria Teaching Hospital ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Vasectomy is a safe alternative to bilateral tubal ligation (BTL) in achieving permanent sterilization but not popular in developing countries. As part of the efforts to increase popularity as well as acceptance of vasectomy in the developing countries, its awareness among women needs to be assessed. The study was undertaken to determine the awareness and perceptions of vasectomy among antenatal attendees in a tertiary health institution southeast Nigeria.Methods: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study in which pregnant women visiting University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu (UNTH) antenatal clinic from 1st June – 30th November 2017 were recruited. Data was collected using structured questionnaire. Two hundred (200) self-administered questionnaires were completely filled and analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics including means frequencies and x^2-tests at the 95% confidence level (CL).Results: Of the 200 respondents, 146(73%) were completely unaware of the existence of vasectomy while 54(27%) were aware. Of those who were aware, 41(75.9%) accepted its use as a family planning method for men. The commonest reason for acceptance was the fear of infidelity among their husbands, 17(41.5%). The intention to use was however low as 24(44.4%) of those who accepted vasectomy disapproved of its use by their husbands and the main reason for disapproval was “weakens husband’s sexual performance,” (33.3%). Tertiary level of education of the respondents was 5.3 times independently associated with the acceptance of vasectomy.Conclusions: The awareness is low and there are several misperceptions about vasectomy among the women in Enugu. Tertiary education of the women however improves the choice of vasectomy as a permanent contraceptive option. There is the need for educational programmes in line with the numerous advantages of vasectomy so as to counteract the misperceptions especially those regarding sexual relationship.

scholarly journals Trend of home or hospital delivery and child birth among Muslim women of Biratnagar, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Babu Ram Pokhrel ◽  
P Sharma ◽  
N Jha
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Institutional Delivery ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Birth ◽  
Hospital Delivery ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Study Population

Background: Maternal morbidity and mortality remains one of the biggest public health challenges in Nepal. This paper explores the trend of home or hospital delivery and child birth in certain ethnic group. The illiteracy women’s low socio economic status in the society, lack of access and difficult geographical rugged terrain are major reasons for not delivering children in health institutions in Nepal.Objective: To find out the trend of hospital or home delivery among Muslim women of Biratnagar city.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 Muslim women of ward 7 of Biratnagar municipality. They were interviewed to assess their health seeking trend of home or hospital delivery and child birth along with factors associated with the use of health services. Information's on usages of health services, education level, family structure, and occupational status information were also collected using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire.Results: The overall institutional delivery in the study population was 24.5%. Illiteracy, low socio-economic status, and poverty in women are the major challenging features of not delivering babies in health institutions.Conclusion: Only one fourth of the women of the study population had hospital/health institutional delivery. Hospital deliveries were seen among the educated women with many antenatal visits. Therefore female education must be encouraged in this community. Health Renaissance 2015;13 (1): 68-76

Health Seeking Behavior of Women with Eclampsia Attending at Institute of Child and Mother Health in Dhaka City

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Mahe Jabeen ◽  
Dilruba Akhter ◽  
Sabiha Shimul ◽  
Ummay Salma
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Hospital Delivery ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Study Population

Eclampsia constitutes a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. To assess health seeking behaviour of the family members and the patient with eclampsia. This cross sectional study was carried out on 100 eclampsia patients in the Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Dhaka from December' 2004 to November' 2005. In this study it was found that more vulnerable age group was 19-27 (49.0%) and primaegravida was 52.0%. This study revealed that knowledge about preconceptional health checkup was 3.0%, antenatal checkup was 52.0%, causes of preeclampsia & eclampsia in pregnancy was 20.0%, plan of delivery was 16.0%, safe hospital delivery was 20.0%, savings of money for delivery was 32.0%, transportation to hospital was 26.0%, consequences of severe preeclampsia & eclampsia was 9.0% of the study population. This study also showed that 82.0% and 77.0% of the patients had negative attitude towards antenatal check up and hospital delivery respectively. Only 58.0% of the patients had antenatal checkup. In this study 58.0% and 42.0% of the patients were referred to hospital by trained birth attendant (TBA) and relatives respectively. Half of the patients were referred by relatives. The present study showed that the maternal death was 4.0% and perinatal death was 27.0%. Lack of proper knowledge about consequences of eclampsia and severe preeclampsia and poor knowledge about proper antenatal care and negative attitude towards hospital delivery affects the outcome of both maternal and fetal condition.Medicine Today 2018 Vol.30(2): 67-70

scholarly journals Health Service Utilization in Hong Kong During the COVID-19 Pandemic – A Cross-sectional Public Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin KC Hung ◽  
Joseph H. Walline ◽  
Emily Ying Yang Chan ◽  
Zhe Huang ◽  
Eugene Siu Kai Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Health Service Utilization ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Avoidable Deaths

Background: As health systems across the world respond to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is rising concern that patients without COVID-19 are not receiving timely emergency care, resulting in avoidable deaths. This study examined patterns of self-reported health service utilization, their socio-demographic determinants and association with avoidable deaths during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted between March 22 and April 1, 2020, during the peak rise in confirmed COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong. Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong residents over 18-years-old were recruited using a computerised random digital dialling (RDD) system. The RDD method used stratified random sampling to ensure a representative sample of the target population by age, gender, and residential district. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used. Results: Out of 1738 placed calls, 765 subjects responded to the questionnaire (44.0% response rate). The factors associated with avoiding medical consultation included being female (37.2% vs. 22.5%, P<.001), married (32.8% vs. 27%, P=.044), completing tertiary education (35.3% vs. 27.7% (secondary) vs. 14.8% (primary), P=.005), and those who reported a "large/very large" impact of COVID-19 on their mental health (36.1% vs 30.5% (neutral) vs. 19.7% (very small/small), P=.047) using logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Married females with both higher educational attainment and concern about COVID-19 were associated with avoiding healthcare services. Timely public communication to encourage and promote early health seeking treatment even during extreme events such as pandemics are needed.

Islamic Education Institutions in Singapore

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Fariha Zein ◽  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
International Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Secular Education ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

This qualitative descriptive work briefly examines what it has been and continues to be like for islamic education institutions to be alternative institutions in the Singapore’s education system that has the highest performance in international education and tops in global rankings. In Singapore’s education system, islamic education institutions represented by madrasah that are full-time and offer a pedagogical mix of Islamic religious education and secular education in their curricula. There are currently six madrasahs in Singapore offering primary to tertiary education, namely, Aljunied Al-Islamiah, Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiah, Al-Maarif Al-Islamiah, Alsagoff Al-Arabiah, Al-Arabiah Al-Islamiah, and Wak Tanjong Al-Islamiah. Four of them are co-educational, while the other two offer madrasah education exclusively to girls. It explores the powerful and positive potential of islamic education institutions in developing a truly humane science of the the future.

Demographic Factors Associated with Congenital Malformations Among Young Infants in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital, Fallujah City, Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Samira T.Abdulghani ◽  
Samira T.Abdulghani
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
History Of

Background: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries including our country. Registries and data on these anomalies are still primitive and poorly collated. In this study we aimed to assess the important demographic factors associated with the development of congenital anomalies. Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study involving 880 infants in the 1st year of life registered in the birth defect unit in Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital in the period between 1st of January 2017 to the 31st of December 2019. The prevalence rate, the pattern of anomalies and the factors associated with their occurrence were determined. Results: The prevalence rate of the group enrolled in this study was 31/1000 total births, congenital heart defects was the commonest followed by central nervous system anomalies, 58% of the infants were males, 65% had ≥ 2.5 kg birth weight & 95% were singletons. Family history of congenital anomalies was found in 31.25% of cases. The largest group of mothers (55.7%) were 21-30 years old & 92.5% of fathers were less than 45 years old. Parental consanguinity reported in 64.3% of the total cases. Only 4.5% of mothers reported history of fever during pregnancy, and none of them had history of exposure to x-ray or teratogenic drug use. Gestational hypertension was reported in 10% of the total (880) mothers, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in 0.3%, while hepatitis C, hepatitis B, toxoplasmosis and epilepsy, each was reported in only one mother (0.1% of the total). Regarding the outcome of pregnancy, 66.6% were live births, 24.2% were abortions and 9.2% were stillbirths. History of previous abortions was reported in 22% of cases. Urban residents accounted for 63% of the families of congenitally abnormal infants while 37% were rural. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies are still a major cause for concern and tension in Fallujah society, there is serious need to establish a surveillance and good statistical system for congenital anomalies and efforts should be made to raise awareness of their occurrence and the associated risk factors in Iraq and other developing countries.

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