POLITICAL BOUNDARY VERSUS SOCIAL CONTEXT: DYNAMICS OF SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN FERTILITY IN INDIAN STATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (S1) ◽  
pp. S156-S171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharma Arunachalam ◽  
Kannan Navaneetham ◽  
Walter Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Fertility Behaviour ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Desired Family Size ◽  
Socioeconomic Differentials

SummaryUsing data from India’s first (1992–93) and third (2005–06) National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-I and NFHS-III) this study examined the fertility differentials between major social groups and the extent to which these varied between states and over time. The analysis was based on a sample of 54,030 and 55,369 currently married women aged 15–34 in the NFHS-I and NFHS-III respectively. Reported parity and desired family size were used to assess variations in fertility behaviour. The results show that interstate variation in childbearing patterns within social groups was at least as high as, if not higher than, variation between states (net of other influences) in both periods, 1992–93 and 2005–06. The variations among Hindus, the poor and Muslims were more noticeable than for other groups. These variations did not decline between 1992–93 and 2005–06 and may have even increased slightly for some groups. Further, there was no consistent north–south divide in either fertility behaviour or desired family size. Together, these results may point to the gradual disappearance of the influences that were once unique to southern or northern India, and the simultaneous emergence of social, political, economic and cultural forces that are pan-Indian in their reach.

SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS IN NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN IN THE STATES OF WEST BENGAL AND ASSAM, INDIA

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUPARNA SOM ◽  
MANORANJAN PAL ◽  
BISHWANATH BHATTACHARYA ◽  
SUSMITA BHARATI ◽  
PREMANANDA BHARATI
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Socioeconomic Differentials ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Malnutrition among children is prevalent in almost all the states in India. This study assesses the extent and causes of malnutrition in two eastern Indian states with similar climates, namely West Bengal and Assam, using data from the National Family Health Survey 1998–99 (NFHS-2). The three indices of malnutrition taken for analysis are weight-for-height (WHZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ). These are assumed to depend on birth order, preceding birth interval, parent’s educational status, working status of the mother, mother’s age at delivery of the children, source of drinking water, toilet facilities and standard of living of the household. Logistic regression was carried out separately for each of the three indices on the explanatory variables for both the states. It was found that not all variables are equally important in determining whether a baby is underweight, or suffering from acute or chronic malnutrition. Also, the importance of variables is not the same in the two states. It was observed that the coefficients associated with the variables in determining weight-for-height are not significant compared with those for weight-for-age and height-for-age.

Factors affecting desired family size in Bangladesh

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabir ◽  
Ruhul Amin ◽  
Ashraf Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Jamir Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Desired Family Size

SummaryFactors affecting desired family size in rural Bangladesh are examined using data from contraceptive prevalence surveys conducted between 1983 and 1991. The analysis suggests that mothers having two sons and one daughter are more inclined to perceive their family as complete than those having three sons and no daughter. Logistic regression analysis indicates that important determinants of desire for more children are age of woman, current contraceptive use status, work status, and family planning worker's visit. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.

CORRELATES OF FEMALE STERILIZATION REGRET IN THE SOUTHERN STATES OF INDIA

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
MALA RAMANATHAN ◽  
U. S. MISHRA
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Child Loss ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Southern States ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Loss Experience ◽  
Using Data

This study analyses factors associated with the incidence of sterilization regret in the four south Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Using data from the National Family Health Surveys, in all four states the incidence of regret was found to be less than 10% and the factors significantly associated with it were child loss experience and quality of services. Hence, there is a need to improve the quality of services, both in terms of counselling and service provision, and women need to be counselled about the permanent nature of sterilization in order to avoid future regret.

Effectiveness of contraception in Belgium: results of the Second National Fertility Survey, 1971 (NEGO II)

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Cliquet ◽  
R. Schoenmaeckers ◽  
L. Klinkenborg
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sample Spacing ◽  
Contraceptive Effectiveness ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Desired Family Size ◽  
Reliable Methods

SummaryThe percentage of accidental pregnancies, the Pearl pregnancy rate and the life-table method have all been used to study the effectiveness of contraception in Belgium, using data from the Second National Fertility Survey (1971), which covered 3397 Belgian women in the age group 30–34 years. Though all three methods yield generally similar results, it is only by using the third method that we can obtain in an optimum way changes in contraceptive effectiveness by birth order and birth interval.Generally, contraceptive effectiveness is low, the cumulative failure rate for the first 12 months of all intervals amounting to 18%. This holds even for intrinsically extremely reliable methods, such as the pill (4%). The efficiency of contraception, however, improves with increasing duration of marriage. This is attributable not only to a shift towards more effective methods, but also to a better application of less reliable methods, such as withdrawal. It remains questionable whether the increase in effectiveness, especially of a method such as withdrawal, is not partially based on induced abortion.The findings also clearly reveal the dual aspect of the contraceptive behaviour in the sample: spacing until desired family size is achieved, and prevention thereafter.The efficiency of contraception decreases with increasing family size, whatever birth interval is considered.

SIBLING- AND FAMILY-LEVEL CLUSTERING OF UNDERWEIGHT CHILDREN IN NORTHERN INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
P. Arokiasamy ◽  
Jalandhar Pradhan ◽  
Kshipra Jain ◽  
Sangram Kishor Patel
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Using Data

SummaryChild undernutrition remains a major child health and developmental issue in low- and middle-income countries. The concentration (clustering) of underweight children among siblings at the family level is known to exist in India. This study examined the extent and covariates of clustering of underweight children at the sibling and family level in Uttar Pradesh, the largest state of northern India. Clustering of underweight (low weight-for-age) children was assessed using data on 7533 under-five children from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in 2005–06, analysed using binary logistic and binomial regression models. Related bio-demographic, socioeconomic and health care variables were used as covariates in the models. The odds of being underweight for the index child were about two times higher (OR=2.34, p<0.001) if any of the siblings within the household was malnourished or underweight. A longer birth interval increased the odds of a child being underweight. The odds of underweight were significantly lower (OR=0.69, p<0.001) for children born to normal-weight mothers compared with those born to underweight mothers. Similarly, the odds of underweight were significantly lower (OR=0.49, p=0.01) for children born to educated mothers (high school and above) compared with those born to illiterate mothers. The results of the binomial regression model suggested that the deviations between observed and expected number of children were positive (3.09, 3.78 and 2.71) for 1, 2 and 2+ underweight children within the households of underweight women, indicating the concentration of underweight children among underweight/malnourished mothers. Underweight children were found to be clustered among underweight mothers with multiple underweight siblings. The findings suggest that policy interventions need to focus on underweight mothers with multiple underweight children.

Fertility, family size preferences and future fertility prospects of men in the western area of Sierra Leone

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fertility Behaviour ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Current Fertility ◽  
Completed Family Size ◽  
Desired Family Size

SummaryThis paper examines the current fertility of men and women in the Western area of Sierra Leone and the prospects for future fertility behaviour. Probably due to the effect of rapid economic decline in Sierra Leone since 1980, the desired family size has fallen. But indications are that the preferred completed family size is lower than the desired family size

scholarly journals Gender Disparity in Risk Factors of COVID-19 Mortality Rate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Ranjan ◽  
Anush Kini ◽  
Harish P B ◽  
Monica Anand
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Incidence and mortality rates due to COVID-19 have varied widely in different parts of the world and placed a huge strain on hospital resources. Understanding the underlying reasons behind such variation is crucial to developing population-specific or even individual-specific management strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of incidence and mortality rates from data collected over a cumulative period of approximately 6.5 months from February to August 2020 across 411 districts of India, totalling over 2 million individuals. We identify the health factors which have both positive as well as negative correlates with high mortality rates, using data obtained from district-wise aggregated COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates and health data obtained from National Family Health Survey (NFHS). To obtain robust indicators, we apply both machine learning techniques as well as classical statistical methods and show that the same factors are identified by both methods. We also identify positive and negative correlates at multiple population scales by dividing the cohort into sub-cohorts formed from two Indian states which were further segregated by gender. We show that there is a disparity of risk factors among males and females. While obesity is the highest risk factor for men, anaemia is the highest risk factor for women. Hence, to better manage the health of a specific group of people, it is important to consider gender-wise heterogeneity in health risk factors which could contribute to differing vulnerabilities

Siblings and Illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Sawyer Vanderwerp
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Mother and Child samples, I investigated the relationships among child and adolescent depressive symptoms, having a chronically ill sibling, and other child and familial demographic variables. From research on social support and social role transitions, with the Stress Process as a theoretical model, I hypothesized that children with chronically ill siblings experience more depressive symptoms. Specifically, I looked at age, gender, birth order and family size as potentially reducing the effect size of having a chronically ill sibling. Findings showed that having a chronically ill sibling is associated with demonstrating more depressive symptoms both in the bivariate and multivariate analyses. Although age, gender, birth order and family size do not interact significantly with having a chronically ill sibling in predicting depressive symptoms, they do present interesting findings about childhood depressive symptoms in general. Thus, the results of this study suggest specific and meaningful paths for future research.

scholarly journals A holistic seismotectonic model of Delhi region

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brijesh K. Bansal ◽  
Kapil Mohan ◽  
Mithila Verma ◽  
Anup K. Sutar
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy ◽  
Fault Plane ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
The West ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Structural Environment ◽  
Reverse Faulting ◽  
Using Data

AbstractDelhi region in northern India experiences frequent shaking due to both far-field and near-field earthquakes from the Himalayan and local sources, respectively. The recent M3.5 and M3.4 earthquakes of 12th April 2020 and 10th May 2020 respectively in northeast Delhi and M4.4 earthquake of 29th May 2020 near Rohtak (~ 50 km west of Delhi), followed by more than a dozen aftershocks, created panic in this densely populated habitat. The past seismic history and the current activity emphasize the need to revisit the subsurface structural setting and its association with the seismicity of the region. Fault plane solutions are determined using data collected from a dense network in Delhi region. The strain energy released in the last two decades is also estimated to understand the subsurface structural environment. Based on fault plane solutions, together with information obtained from strain energy estimates and the available geophysical and geological studies, it is inferred that the Delhi region is sitting on two contrasting structural environments: reverse faulting in the west and normal faulting in the east, separated by the NE-SW trending Delhi Hardwar Ridge/Mahendragarh-Dehradun Fault (DHR-MDF). The WNW-ESE trending Delhi Sargoda Ridge (DSR), which intersects DHR-MDF in the west, is inferred as a thrust fault. The transfer of stress from the interaction zone of DHR-MDF and DSR to nearby smaller faults could further contribute to the scattered shallow seismicity in Delhi region.

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