MARITAL STRUCTURE OF THE ITALIAN COMMUNITY OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, 1880–1920

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA ENRICA DANUBIO ◽  
DAVIDE PETTENER
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Period 1880 ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Scattered Population ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Italian Community

The marital structure of Italians living in Boston, Massachusetts, in the period 1880–1920 was studied in order to explore the integration process in the urban context. The study analyses endogamy and inbreeding, using data on 15,579 marriages from the parish books of the three Italian parishes of Boston. Endogamic rates are very high and increased in time, ranging from 93·9% to 97·3%. This correlated with the growth of the Italian community and the decline of the biased sex ratio. One parish, Our Lady of Pompeii in the South End, displays lower endogamic rates because of the reduced and scattered population attending it. The rate of consanguineous (2·33%) and isonymous (6·38%) marriages, and the coefficients of inbreeding, alpha; (0·98×10−3) and Ft (0·0159), are similar to those of north Italian populations, and lower than those for south and insular Italy. The parish of Our Lady of Pompeii shows consistently higher values than the other two parishes. Marriages between first and second cousins are the main cause of the above values in each parish. Consanguineous marriages and inbreeding increased over time, from the 1890s, and this is in general agreement, although slightly delayed, with the Italian trend.

Long/Short Term Influences on Change

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Kaustuv Roy
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Change has been the rule in the history of life. Mammals today dominate the terrestrial habitats where dinosaurs once held sway. In modern oceans, ecologists can study many species of arthropods, but trilobites are long gone. Using data from the fossil record, David Raup estimated that only about one in a thousand species that ever lived on this planet is still alive today (Raup, 1991). On the other hand, the number of species and higher taxa has increased steadily over geologic time. Thus the history of life is essentially a history of turnover of species, lineages and higher taxa over time.

Long / Short Term Influences on Change

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Kaustuv Roy
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

Change has been the rule in the history of life. Mammals today dominate the terrestrial habitats where dinosaurs once held sway. In modern oceans, ecologists can study many species of arthropods, but trilobites are long gone. Using data from the fossil record, David Raup estimated that only about one in a thousand species that ever lived on this planet is still alive today (Raup, 1991). On the other hand, the number of species and higher taxa has increased steadily over geologic time. Thus the history of life is essentially a history of turnover of species, lineages, and higher taxa over time.

Pathways to Refugee Integration: Predictions from Longitudinal Data in Colorado

2020 ◽  
Vol 690 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Jini E. Puma ◽  
Sarah E. Brewer ◽  
Paul Stein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Home Country ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Refugee Integration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Survey And Evaluation ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we examine whether and how the success of refugee integration varies over time and the factors that facilitate successful integration. Using data from the Refugee Integration Survey and Evaluation (RISE), we assess the integration of 467 newly resettled refugees in Colorado over three consecutive years, beginning in 2011. We find that that integration significantly increases with more time in the United States, and that age, gender, and education in one’s home country explained approximately half of the variance in overall integration three years postarrival. The integration pathways we derive from the data explain a sizable component of the variance, and we find differences in the integration process across the population subgroups that we examine.

scholarly journals Serendipity and strategy in rapid innovation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. A. Fink ◽  
M. Reeves ◽  
R. Palma ◽  
R. S. Farr
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Product Space ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Innovation is to organizations what evolution is to organisms: it is how organizations adapt to environmental change and improve. Yet despite advances in our understanding of evolution, what drives innovation remains elusive. On the one hand, organizations invest heavily in systematic strategies to accelerate innovation. On the other, historical analysis and individual experience suggest that serendipity plays a significant role. To unify these perspectives, we analysed the mathematics of innovation as a search for designs across a universe of component building blocks. We tested our insights using data from language, gastronomy and technology. By measuring the number of makeable designs as we acquire components, we observed that the relative usefulness of different components can cross over time. When these crossovers are unanticipated, they appear to be the result of serendipity. But when we can predict crossovers in advance, they offer opportunities to strategically increase the growth of the product space.

scholarly journals 328 EVALUATION OF gti METHOD TO ASSESS HEAT AND DESICCATION INJURY AMONG FRAGARIA SPECIES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 477e-477
Author(s):  
Suzanne S. McDonald ◽  
Douglas D. Archbold ◽  
Cheng Lailiang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionic Conductance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Leaf Disks ◽  
Fragaria Species

The expression gti, or tissue ionic conductance, was proposed to describe the efflux of ions from leaf disks (Whitlow et al., 1992, Plant Physiology, 98:198-205). The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the gti method to screen germplasm for heat and desiccation tolerance using representative selections of 5 Fragaria species. Leaf disks were exposed to 4 levels of heat, 25, 35, 45, and 55 C, and 4 levels of desiccation. 60, 70, 80 and 100% relative water content (RWC). F. virginiana glauca was consistently ranked as the leakiest in all treatments including controls, with gti values 70 to 100% higher than in the other species. Temperatures of 25 to 45 C did not influence gti over time. A temperature of 55 C was lethal to the tissue and, thus, the ion flux was initially very high but soon diminished. At 70% RWC F. virginiana glaucu tissue was the leakiest, and F. virginiana and F. vesca tissues were somewhat leakier than those of F. × ananassa and F. chiloensis. Differences among species diminished with time in bathing solutions.

scholarly journals LOSSLESS AND LOSSY IMAGE COMPRESSION BASED ON DATA FOLDING

2014 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
GAYATRI. B. TIGADI ◽  
MANJULADEVI T.H.
Keyword(s):  
Image Compression ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Lossless Compression ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Very High ◽  
Considerable Loss

Image compression plays a very important role in image processing especially when we have to send the image on the internet. Since imaging techniques produce prohibitive amounts of data, compression is necessary for storage and communication purposes. Many current compression schemes provide a very high compression rates but with considerable loss of quality. On the other hand, in some areas in medicine, it may be sufficient to maintain high image quality only in the region of interest, i.e., in diagnostically important regions called region of interest. In the proposed work images are compressed using Data folding technique which uses the property of adjacent neighbour redundancy for prediction. In this method first column folding is applied followed by the row folding iteratively till the image size reduces to predefined value, then arithmetic encoding is applied which results the compressed image at the end before transmitting the data. In this paper lossless compression is achieved only at the region of interest and it is mainly suitable for medical images.

scholarly journals National Survey on the Susceptibility of Bacteroides fragilis Group: Report and Analysis of Trends in the United States from 1997 to 2004

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1649-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Snydman ◽  
N. V. Jacobus ◽  
L. A. McDermott ◽  
R. Ruthazer ◽  
Y. Golan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis Group ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT The susceptibility trends for the species of the Bacteroides fragilis group against various antibiotics from 1997 to 2004 were determined by using data for 5,225 isolates referred by 10 medical centers. The antibiotic test panel included ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, clindamycin, moxifloxacin, tigecycline, chloramphenicol, and metronidazole. From 1997 to 2004 there were decreases in the geometric mean (GM) MICs of imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cefoxitin for many of the species within the group. B. distasonis showed the highest rates of resistance to most of the β-lactams. B. fragilis, B. ovatus, and B. thetaiotaomicron showed significantly higher GM MICs and rates of resistance to clindamycin over time. The rate of resistance to moxifloxacin of B. vulgatus was very high (MIC range for the 8-year study period, 38% to 66%). B. fragilis, B. ovatus, and B. distasonis and other Bacteroides spp. exhibited significant increases in the rates of resistance to moxifloxacin over the 8 years. Resistance rates and GM MICs for tigecycline were low and stable during the 5-year period over which this agent was studied. All isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (MICs < 16 μg/ml). In 2002, one isolate resistant to metronidazole (MIC = 64 μg/ml) was noted. These data indicate changes in susceptibility over time; surprisingly, some antimicrobial agents are more active now than they were 5 years ago.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Mechanism for Effectiveness of Plasmapheresis

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Kelton ◽  
P. B. Neame ◽  
I. Walker ◽  
A. G. Turpie ◽  
J. McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Antiplatelet Antibody ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Very High

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but serious illness of unknown etiology. Treatment by plasmapheresis has been reported to be effective but the mechanism for benefit is unknown. We have investigated the effect of plasmapheresis in 2 patients with TTP by quantitating platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) levels prior to and following plasmapheresis. Both patients had very high levels of PAIgG at presentation (90 and A8 fg IgG/platelet respectively, normal 0-5). in both, the PAIgG levels progressively fell to within the normal range and the platelet count rose following plasmapheresis. One patient remained in remission with normal platelet counts and PAIgG levels. The other relapsed after plasmapheresis and the PAIgG level rose prior to the fall in platelet count. Plasmapheresis was repeated and resulted in normalization of both the platelet count and PAIgG level. It is suggested that plasmapheresis removes antiplatelet antibody or immune complexes which may be of etiological importance in this illness.

Coevolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Max Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Islamist Movements

This chapter seeks to understand how Islamist movements have evolved over time, and, in the process, provide important background on the political and religious contexts of the movements in question. In particular, it shows that Islamist movements coevolve. Focusing on the histories of Morocco's two main Islamist movements—the Justice and Spirituality Organization, or Al Adl wal Ihsan (Al Adl) and the Party of Justice and Development (PJD)—it suggests that their evolutions can only be fully appreciated if they are relayed in unison. These movements mirror one another depending on the competitive context, sometimes reflecting, sometimes refracting, sometimes borrowing, sometimes adapting or even reorganizing in order to keep up with the other.

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