242. A rapid phosphatase test: (a) Adaptation of Scharer's modification to pasteurizing conditions in Great Britain; (b) A study of factors influencing the reliability of the test

1939 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aschaffenburg ◽  
F. K. Neave
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
New Method ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Before And After

By adapting Scharer's “10min. field test” to British conditions of pasteurization, an accurate phosphatase test has been evolved requiring less than 1½ hr. for completion. The method is described in detail.A small percentage of anomalies was detected when applying the new method to the examination of pasteurized samples bulked from small quantities of milk (less than 100 gallons). This led to a study of several factors thought to be the likely cause of such anomalous results.No correlation was found between the phosphatase surviving heat treatment and the stage of lactation when milk from individual cows and from small groups of animals was tested, with the possible exception of the early stages of lactation when the enzyme concentration before and after heating was frequently found to be low.It was observed that pasteurized milk from animals suffering from mastitis tends to give abnormally high results of the phosphatase test. The amount of residual phosphatase is subject to considerable fluctuation.

The Precipitation of Si in AlCuSi Thin Films

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Before And After

Aluminum-copper-silicon thin films have been considered as an interconnection metallurgy for integrated circuit applications. Various schemes have been proposed to incorporate small percent-ages of silicon into films that typically contain two to five percent copper. We undertook a study of the total effect of silicon on the aluminum copper film as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and ion microprobe techniques as a function of the various deposition methods.X-ray investigations noted a change in solid solution concentration as a function of Si content before and after heat-treatment. The amount of solid solution in the Al increased with heat-treatment for films with ≥2% silicon and decreased for films <2% silicon.

The Plasmin Inhibitors of Plasma

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Shamash ◽  
A Rimon
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
New Method ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
Caseinolytic Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasmin Inhibitors

SummaryA new method for the assay of plasmin inhibitors in human plasma is described. The method consists of determination of the caseinolytic activity of a standard plasmin solution before and after incubation with the inhibitor, with lysine added to the mixture as a stabilizer of plasmin. Using this method, it was found that plasma contains enough inhibitors to inactivate 30 caseinolytic units of plasmin, or 10 times the normal amount of plasminogen in human plasma.

Study of fine structure of cold-deformed steel 20 before and after prerecrystallization heat treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr M. Dubovyi ◽  
Oleksandr V. Chechel ◽  
Oleksandr O. Zhdanov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Steel 20

Influence of the Zinc Sublayer Method Production and Heat Treatment on the Microhardness of the Composite Ni-Al2O3 Coating Deposited on the 5754 Aluminium Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-358
Author(s):  
M. Karaś ◽  
M. Nowak ◽  
M. Opyrchał ◽  
M. Bigaj ◽  
A. Najder
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Nickel Coating ◽  
Nickel Sulphate ◽  
Al2o3 Coating ◽  
Nickel Coatings ◽  
Watts Bath ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Zinc Interlayer

Abstract In this study, the effect of zinc interlayer on the adhesion of nickel coatings reinforced with micrometric Al2O3 particles was examined. Nickel coating was applied by electroplating on EN AW - 5754 aluminium alloy using Watts bath at a concentration of 150 g/l of nickel sulphate with the addition of 50 g/l of Al2O3. The influence of zinc intermediate coating deposited in single, double and triple layers on the adhesion of nickel coating to aluminium substrate was also studied. The adhesion was measured by the thermal shock technique in accordance with PN-EN ISO 2819. The microhardness of nickel coating before and after heat treatment was additionally tested. It was observed that the number of zinc interlayers applied does not significantly affect the adhesion of nickel which is determined by thermal shock. No defect that occurs after the test, such as delamination, blistering or peeling of the coating was registered. Microhardness of the nickel coatings depends on the heat treatment and the amount of zinc in the interlayer. For both single and double zinc interlayer, the microhardness of the nickel coating containing Al2O3 particles increased after heat treatment, but decreased when a triple zinc interlayer was applied.

Improving Genetics Clinic Efficiency and Capacity Using Design and Human Factors Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Maryam Attef ◽  
Mireille Cloutier ◽  
Meredith Gillespie ◽  
Chantal Trudel ◽  
Kym Boycott
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Prenatal Genetics ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clinic Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Improve Access

This quality improvement study focused on developing an understanding of factors influencing the ability of prenatal genetics counsellors (GCs) to efficiently see patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and strategies to improve their workflow using techniques from human factors and design. The demand for Prenatal Genetics Clinics is rising which has increased pressure on GCs to become more efficient. Genetics counsellors can improve access to their services by reducing the time spent on the tasks performed before and after a genetic counselling encounter, thereby increasing the number of patients they see. We were limited to certain methods to understand the differences in workflow before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study involved a literature review, archival analysis of workflow studies conducted before the pandemic, stakeholder meetings and mapping, a brainstorming session, as well as documenting time-on-task in a diary and naturalistic observation sessions. A task analysis was developed to identify factors influencing efficiency related to the design of the space, processes and the use of artefacts. Virtual and on-site workflows show that GCs spend at least half of their time on tasks before and/or after the patient’s appointment. Looking at potential inefficiencies or bottlenecks in workflow formed the development of a strategic plan for improving GC workflows at the prenatal Genetics Clinic. Improvements suggested through this analysis were constrained to support the current number of healthcare providers working within the existing space configuration.

scholarly journals The Interface Zone of Explosively Welded Titanium/Steel after Short-Term Heat Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Szmul ◽  
Katarzyna Stan-Glowinska ◽  
Marta Janusz-Skuza ◽  
Agnieszka Bigos ◽  
Andrzej Chudzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Carbon Diffusion ◽  
Sharp Interface ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Interface Zone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wavy Interface ◽  
The Waves

AbstractThis work presents a detailed description of a bonding zone of explosively welded Ti/steel clads subjected to stress relief annealing, applied in order to improve the plasticity of the final product. The typical joint formed by the welding process possesses a characteristic wavy interface with melted regions observed mainly at the crest regions of waves. The interface of Ti/steel clads before and after annealing was previously investigated mostly in respect to the melted regions. Here, a sharp interface between the waves was analyzed in detail. The obtained results indicate that the microstructure of a transition zone of that area is different along the width. After the heat treatment at 600 °C for 1.5 hours, titanium carbide (TiC) together with α-Fe phase forms at the interface in local areas of relatively wide interlayer (~ 1 µm), while for most of the sharp interface, a much thinner zone up to about 400 nm, formed by four sublayers containing intermetallic phase and carbides, is present. This confirms that carbon diffusion induced by applied heat treatment significantly influences the final microstructure of the Ti/steel interface zone. Side bending tests confirmed high plasticity of welds after applied heat treatment; however, the microhardness measurements indicated that the strengthening of the steel in the vicinity of the interface had not been removed completely.

scholarly journals Analysis of work-related accidents and ill-health in Brazil since the introduction of the accident prevention factor

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Eri Shimizu ◽  
Josierton Cruz Bezerra ◽  
Luciano José Arantes ◽  
Edgar Merchán-Hamann ◽  
Walter Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Accident Prevention ◽  
Multiplication Factor ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
External Causes

Abstract Background Since 2004, Brazil has had a national policy for occupational health and safety. This policy means companies’ tax burden is altered according to the numbers of work-related accidents and ill-health amongst their workers. In 2010, a multiplication factor was introduced to this policy, called the Accident Prevention Factor. The idea of this new multiplication factor is to encourage individual employers to take initiatives to prevent accidents and ill health in the workplace. This study was designed to investigate the incidence of work-related accidents and ill-health in Brazil according to their causes, their severity, and the economic activity in which they occur, and to compare the data before and after the introduction of the Accident Prevention Factor. Methods An ecological study was conducted by analyzing the time series of work-related accidents/ill-health between 2008 and 2014 from the Brazilian social security system (Previdência Social) statistical yearbooks. Incidences were calculated per cause, economic activity, and severity of the accident/ill-health. Data from before and after the introduction of the Accident Prevention Factor were compared using the Mann-Whitney test per cause and per economic activity. Statistical analyses were made using the SPSS software, with significance set at 5%. Results A reduction in the incidence of work-related accidents/ill-health was found across all the groups of causes analyzed, except for the groups “external causes of morbidity and mortality” and “factors influencing health status and contact with health services.” Greater reductions were found for diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue and diseases of the nervous system. Reductions in work-related accidents/ill-health were found in the different economic activities and in the different severity groups. The highest reduction after the introduction of the Accident Prevention Factor was in manufacturing and production (p < 0.05). Conclusions Overall, the incidence of accidents/ill-health was found to be on decline, except those with external causes of morbidity and mortality and those involving factors influencing health status and contact with health services. The biggest reduction was found in manufacturing and production. However, generally speaking progress still needs to be made in accident prevention and occupational health across a whole range of work environments.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional analysis of the root canal preparation with Reciproc Blue®, WaveOne Gold® and XP EndoShaper®: a new method in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Caviedes-Bucheli ◽  
Nestor Rios-Osorio ◽  
Diana Usme ◽  
Cristian Jimenez ◽  
Adriana Pinzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Method ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in canal volume after root canal preparation in vivo with 3 different single-file techniques (Reciproc-Blue®, WaveOne-Gold® and XP-EndoShaper®), with a new method using CBCT and 3D reconstruction. Methods In this prospective study, thirty human lower premolars from healthy patients were used, in which extraction was indicated for orthodontic reasons. All the teeth used were caries- and restoration-free with complete root development, without signs of periodontal disease or traumatic occlusion, and with only one straight canal (up to 25º curvature). Teeth were randomly divided into three different groups: Reciproc-Blue, WaveOne-Gold and XP-EndoShaper. CBCT scans before root canal preparation were used to create a 3D reconstruction with RHINOCEROS 5.0 software to assess the initial canal volume, and then compared with 3D reconstructions after canal preparation to measure the increase in canal volume. Student’s t test for paired data were used to determine statistically significant differences between the before and after canal volumes. Anova test was used to determine statistically significant differences in the percentage of canal volume increase between the groups and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to paired comparison. Results Reciproc-Blue showed the higher increase in canal volume, followed by WaveOne-Gold and XP-EndoShaper (p = 0.003). XP-EndoShaper did not show a statistically significant increase in canal volume after root canal preparation (p = 0.06). Conclusion With this model, Reciproc-Blue showed higher increase in root canal volume, followed by WaveOne-Gold, while XP-EndoShaper did not significantly increase root canal volume during preparation.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Manufactured by SLM

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Popovich ◽  
Vadim Sufiiarov ◽  
Evgenii Borisov ◽  
Igor Polozov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Before And After

The article presents results of a study of phase composition and microstructure of initial material and samples obtained by selective laser melting of titanium-based alloy, as well as samples after heat treatment. The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of specimens was shown. It was studied mechanical behavior of manufactured specimens before and after heat treatment at room and elevated temperatures as well. The heat treatment allows obtaining sufficient mechanical properties of material at room and elevated temperatures such as increase in ductility of material. The fractography of samples showed that they feature ductile fracture with brittle elements.

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