Anaerobic digestion of deproteinated cheese whey

1985 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes De Haast ◽  
Trevor J. Britz ◽  
Johannes C. Novello ◽  
Emilige W. Verwey
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Titration Curves

SUMMARYWhey and deproteinated whey preparations with different carbon: nitrogen (C/N) ratios ranging from 7·5 to 73 were digested anaerobically in a downflow stationary fixed-bed reactor at 35 °C with a hydraulic retention time of 5 d. Effluent and biogas parameters indicated that no decrease in digestion and stability occurred at the highest C/N ratio. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal averaged 88%, while volatile fatty acids were maintained at a low level (< 500 mg l–1). Biogas yield averaged 0·423 m3kg–1COD and the methane content of the biogas varied between 57 and 63%. Ammonia toxicity occurred at a C/N ratio of 7/5 in the substrate feed. Virtually no ammonia N was detected in the effluent when whey substrates with C/N ratios of 50 and 73 were fed. Titration curves showed that buffer intensities in the effluent were not affected by a decrease in ammonia level. A decrease in the biomass content of the effluent which occurred as a result of the increase in C/N ratio of the substrate did not cause any rate limiting effect on biogas production. The removal of protein from the whey caused a reduction in the ratio of COD: total carbon in the whey. On average 59% of the carbon in the substrate was converted to biogas.

scholarly journals Produksi Biogas dari Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit dengan Menggunakan Reaktor Unggun Tetap tanpa Proses Pretreatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 078-084
Author(s):  
Wiharja Wiharja ◽  
Widiatmini Sih Winanti ◽  
Prasetiyadi Prasetiyadi ◽  
Amita Indah Sitomurni
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
Reactor Technology ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Potential Resource

ABSTRACT Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) resulted from the palm oil industry is a potential resource for biogas production. In this study, POME was processed by utilizing microbes in an anaerobic condition using a fixed bed reactor. This study aimed at providing alternative processing of POME into biogas at the most optimum biogas yield without any pretreatment, taking advantage of POME conditions generated from the production process at the average temperature of 55 – 60 °C. In the anaerobic process, temperature conditions have a significant effect on bacteria's performance to degrade organic matter. In thermophilic conditions, bacteria deteriorate organic substrates more actively than in mesophilic states. This research proved that using fixed bed reactor technology to treat POME without pretreatment has generated biogas at the yield of 25.43 liters/liter of POME production. Applying this technology also demonstrated that investment and operating costs are cheaper due to having no mixing tank and fewer chemicals applications for the neutralization process. Keywords: biogas, fixed bed reactor, POME, pretreatment, thermophilic   ABSTRAK Proses pengolahan POME dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan proses fermentasi anaerobik yaitu memanfaatkan kerja bakteri anaerobik untuk memproduksi biogas. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan alternatif pengelolaan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit yang dapat menghasilkan biogas yang paling optimal tanpa melakukan pretreatment. Proses yang dipilih disesuaikan dengan kondisi panas POME yang keluar proses yaitu sekitar 55 - 60 oC. Kondisi temperatur sangat berpengaruh nyata terhadap kinerja bakteri pendegradasi bahan organik di dalam limbah cair dalam proses anaerobik. Pada kondisi termofilik bakteri lebih aktif dibandingkan pada kondisi mesofilik. Melalui penelitian ini, dapat diketahui bahwa dengan menggunakan teknologi reaktor fixed bed untuk mengolah POME tanpa adanya pretreatment, biogas tetap dapat diperoleh dengan perolehan rata rata 25,43 liter per liter POME. Dengan menggunakan teknologi ini biaya investasi dan operasi akan lebih murah dikarenakan tidak memerlukan bak pencampur dan penggunaan bahan kimia untuk proses netralisasi. Kata kunci: Biogas, reaktor fixed bed, POME, pretreatment, termofilik

Effect of different neutralizing treatments on the efficiency of an anaerobic digester fed with deproteinated cheese whey

1986 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes De Haast ◽  
Trevor J. Britz ◽  
Johannes C. Novello
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
Carbon Balances ◽  
The Stability

SUMMARYDeproteinated whey, prepared from sweet whey powder, was digested anaerobically in a downflow fixed-bed reactor at 35 °C. Different pH control treatments were applied over a period of 210 d. Initially NaOH was added at a concentration of 68 mequiv. l-1 substrate. This was successfully replaced by 80 mequiv. Na2CO3l-1 which resulted in a 15·5% increase in biogas production and a 6·7% increase in CH4 production. A decrease in the quantity of Na2C03l-1 added led to signs of instability and a drop in CH4 production. The stepwise addition of urea restored the stability, and a further increase of urea, to a level of about 20 mequiv. l-1, made it possible to replace Na2C03 completely. When all pH control measures were omitted, complete failure resulted within 10 d. Methane yields, under stable conditions, varied between 0·321 and 0·272 m3 kg-1 chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed which corresponds to 92 and 78% of the theoretical yields. Carbon balances indicated that between 60·8 and 68·5% of the carbon fed was converted to biogas. No toxicity was observed at a carbon: nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 7·7. This was in contrast to previous results where toxicity had occurred at the same C/N ratio but at a higher concentration of Na.

Production and Utilization of Volatile Fatty Acids in Various Types of Anaerobic Reactors

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dohányos ◽  
B Kosová ◽  
J Zábranská ◽  
P Grau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Volumetric Rate ◽  
Volumetric Loading

Production and subsequent utilization of fatty acids (from C2 to C6) was followed in three types of anaerobic reactors:uplow sludge bed reactor (USBR),upflow fixed bed reactor (UFBR),downflow fixed bed reactor (DFBR). It was found that the concentrations of lower fatty acids increased exponentially with increasing volumetric loading of the reactor in the range up to 15 kg m−3d−1 (as COD). Up to a loading of about 4 kg m−3d−1, only acetic and propionic acids appeared. Butyric and valeric acids were found only at a loading higher than 4 kg m−3d−1, caproic acid at a loading higher than 8 kg m−3d−1. The highest removal rates along the reactor were observed for butyric acid, the lowest for propionic acid. The volumetric rate of biogas production (volume of gas per volume of reactor per time) increased with increasing loading rates up to 4.6 m3m−3d−1. The UFBR was in general less sensitive to inhibition by fatty acids and to lower temperatures and fluctuation of loads than the other two types of reactors.

scholarly journals Effects of Hydrothermal Pretreatment and Hydrochar Addition on the Performance of Pig Carcass Anaerobic Digestion

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xu ◽  
Hongjian Lin ◽  
Kuichuan Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactors ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Pig Carcasses

Proper disposal and utilization of dead pig carcasses are problems of public concern. The combination of hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) and anaerobic digestion is a promising method to treat these wastes, provided that digestion inhibition is reduced. For this reason, the aim of this work was to investigate the optimal HTP temperature (140–180°C) for biogas production during anaerobic digestion of dead pigs in batch systems. In addition, the effects of hydrochar addition (6 g/L) on anaerobic digestion of pork products after HTP in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) were determined. According to the results, 90% of lipids and 10% of proteins present in the pork were decomposed by HTP. In addition, the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in liquid products (LP) reached 192.6 g/L, and it was obtained after 170°C HTP. The biogas potential from the solid residue (SR) and LP was up to 478 mL/g-VS and 398 mL/g-COD, respectively. A temperature of 170°C was suitable for pork HTP, which promoted the practical biogas yield because of the synergistic effect between proteins and lipids. Ammonia inhibition was reduced by the addition of hydrochar to the CSTR during co-digestion of SR and LP, maximum ammonia concentration tolerated by methanogens increased from 2.68 to 3.38 g/L. This improved total biogas yield and degradation rate of substrates, reaching values of 28.62 and 36.06%, respectively. The acetate content in volatile fatty acids (VFA) may be used as an index that reflects the degree of methanogenesis of the system. The results of the present work may also provide guidance for the digestion of feedstock with high protein and lipid content.

scholarly journals Effect Of Alkaline Pre-Treatment On Cassava Pulp For Optimum Biogas Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 5919-5923
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Cassava Pulp ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pre Treatment

(Being produced in vast quantity as one of by-product from cassava starch processing chains, cassava pulp has great potential for energy recovery by harnessing biogas through anaerobic digestion (AD). This study aims to enhance biogas production by comparative investigation in batch mode digestion. 5%TS w/v of cassava pulp mixed with mill effluent were pre-treated with 10 molar potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) solution for 6 hours contact time. Effects of different alkaline pre-treatment on cassava substrate were assessed in total dissolved solid (TDS), soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), Volatile Fatty Acids to Alkalinity ratio (VFA/TA), and reducing sugars. Daily accumulated biogas yield was taken as final indicator of the effect of different pre-treatment. KOH pre-treatment in pH 11 resulted highest dissolved solid 13.07 mg/L, and improved soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) formation up to 75.61% (480,000 mg/L) than control substrate. The experiment revealed peak biogas production by KOH pre-treated substrate was found at day 6 after digestion executed, and achieved 546 ml. The finding proves out of different pre-treatment method applicable to cassava pulp, KOH pre-treatment could realistically increase biogas yield for cassava mills. Biogas production increased up to 101%, 92%, and 70% using KOH, Ca(OH)2 and NaOH respectively. However, when future provision to the technology for AD system and design is concerned, the choice of highly reactive alkali could lead to complication in the system.

scholarly journals Chemically Enhanced Primary Sludge as an Anaerobic Co-Digestion Additive for Biogas Production from Food Waste

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Kang ◽  
Yali Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Solids Removal

In order to overcome process instability and buffer deficiency in the anaerobic digestion of mono food waste (FW), chemically enhanced primary sludge (CEPS) was selected as a co-substrate for FW treatment. In this study, batch tests were conducted to study the effects of CEPS/FW ratios on anaerobic co-digestion (coAD) performances. Both soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and protease activity were decreased, with the CEPS/FW mass ratio increasing from 0:5 to 5:0. However, it was also found that the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was eliminated by increasing the CEPS/FW ratio, and that corresponding VFAs concentrations decreased from 13,872.97 to 1789.98 mg chemical oxygen demand per L (mg COD/L). In addition, the maximum value of cumulative biogas yield (446.39 mL per g volatile solids removal (mL/g VSsremoval)) was observed at a CEPS/FW ratio of 4:1, and that the tendency of coenzyme F420 activity was similar to biogas production. The mechanism analysis indicated that Fe-based CEPS relived the VFAs accumulation caused by FW, and Fe(III) induced by Fe-based CEPS enhanced the activity of F420. Therefore, the addition of Fe-based CEPS provided an alternative method for FW treatment.

scholarly journals Biogas Generation from Sonicated Excess Sludge

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Zawieja ◽  
Renata Włodarczyk ◽  
Mariusz Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Yield Value

The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of biogas production in the process of methane fermentation of sonicated excess sludge. The greater the percentage of methane in biogas, the higher its calorific value. In order to increase the intensity of biogas production containing approximately 70% of methane, sewage sludge is disintegrated. In particular, excess sludge formed as a result of advanced wastewater treatment by the activated sludge method shows low biodegradability. The study aim was to examine the effect of the ultrasonic field disintegration of excess sludge on biogas production. As a result of subjecting the sludge to disintegration by ultrasonic field, there was an increase in the digestion degree of sewage sludge. In the methane fermentation process of modified sludge, an increase of the biogas yield was noted, which confirmed the supportive action of ultrasonic field on the excess sludge biodegradation. In the case of disintegration of excess sludge by ultrasonic field, for the ultrasonic field intensity value of 4.3 W cm−2 and a sonication time equal to 300 s, the highest values of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), total organic carbon (TOC), and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentrations were obtained. In the process of conventional methane fermentation, biogas yield value was 0.303 L g VSS−1, while in the process of methane fermentation of sonicated excess sludge, the value 0.645 L g VSS−1.

Alkali pre-treatment of Sorghum Moench for biogas production

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Michalska ◽  
Stanisław Ledakowicz
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Alkali Hydrolysis ◽  
Almost All

AbstractThis work studies the influence of the alkali pre-treatment of Sorghum Moench — a representative of energy crops used in biogas production. Solutions containing various concentrations of sodium hydroxide were used to achieve the highest degradation of lignocellulosic structures. The results obtained after chemical pre-treatment indicate that the use of NaOH leads to the removal of almost all lignin (over 99 % in the case of 5 mass % NaOH) from the biomass, which is a prerequisite for efficient anaerobic digestion. Several parameters, such as chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total phenolic content, volatile fatty acids, and general nitrogen were determined in the hydrolysates thus obtained in order to define the most favourable conditions. The best results were obtained for the Sorghum treated with 5 mass % NaOH at 121°C for 30 min The hydrolysate thus achieved consisted of high total phenolic compounds concentration (ca. 4.7 g L−1) and chemical oxygen demand value (ca. 45 g L−1). Although single alkali hydrolysis causes total degradation of glucose, a combined chemical and enzymatic pre-treatment of Sorghum leads to the release of large amounts of this monosaccharide into the supernatant. This indicates that alkali pre-treatment does not lead to complete cellulose destruction. The high degradation of lignin structure in the first step of the pre-treatment rendered the remainder of the biomass available for enzymatic action. A comparison of the efficiency of biogas production from untreated Sorghum and Sorghum treated with the use of NaOH and enzymes shows that chemical hydrolysis improves the anaerobic digestion effectiveness and the combined pre-treatment could have great potential for methane generation.

scholarly journals The Concept of Wastes to Energy Using Sugary Wastes

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Fiza Sarwar ◽  
Wajeeha Malik ◽  
Muhammad Salman Ahmed ◽  
Harja Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract: This study was designed using actual effluent from the sugary mills in an Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor to evaluate treatability performance. The reactor was started-up in step-wise loading rates beginning from 0.05kg carbon oxygen demand (COD)/m3-day to 3.50kg-COD/m3-day. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was slowly decreased from 96 hrs to eight hrs. It was observed that the removal efficiency of COD of more than 73% can be easily achieved at an HRT of more than 16 hours corresponding to an average organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.0kg-COD/m3-day, at neutral pH and constant temperature of 29°C. The average VFAs (volatile fatty acids) and biogas production was observed as 560mg/L and 1.6L/g-CODrem-d, respectively. The average methane composition was estimated as 62%. The results of this study suggest that the treatment of sugar mills effluent with the anaerobic technology seems to be more reliable, effective and economical.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v9i0.7075 Hydro Nepal Vol.9 July 2011 57-62

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Wastewater in an Innovative Multi-Section Horizontal Flow Reactor

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Dębowski ◽  
Marcin Zieliński ◽  
Marta Kisielewska ◽  
Joanna Kazimierowicz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Yield

The aim of this study was the performance evaluation of anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater in a multi-section horizontal flow reactor (HFAR) equipped with microwave and ultrasonic generators to stimulate biochemical processes. The effects of increasing organic loading rate (OLR) ranging from 1.0 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L·d to 4.0 g COD/L·d on treatment performance, biogas production, and percentage of methane yield were determined. The highest organic compounds removals (about 85% as COD and total organic carbon—TOC) were obtained at OLR of 1.0–2.0 g COD/L·d. The highest biogas yield of 0.33 ± 0.03 L/g COD removed and methane content in biogas of 68.1 ± 5.8% were recorded at OLR of 1.0 g COD/L·d, while at OLR of 2.0 g COD/L·d it was 0.31 ± 0.02 L/COD removed and 66.3 ± 5.7%, respectively. Increasing of the OLR led to a reduction in biogas productivity as well as a decrease in methane content in biogas. The best technological effects were recorded in series with an operating mode of ultrasonic generators of 2 min work/28 min break. More intensive sonication reduced the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater as well as biogas production. A low nutrient removal efficiency was observed in all tested series of the experiment, which ranged from 2.04 ± 0.38 to 4.59 ± 0.68% for phosphorus and from 9.67 ± 3.36 to 20.36 ± 0.32% for nitrogen. The effects obtained in the study (referring to the efficiency of wastewater treatment, biogas production, as well as to the results of economic analysis) proved that the HFAR can be competitive to existing industrial technologies for food wastewater treatment.

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