Seasonal variations in the chemical composition of camel milk in Jordan

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik SY Haddadin ◽  
Sana I Gammoh ◽  
Richard K Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Arabian Camel

The principal chemical components of milk from the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) were monitored in Jordan over one year. The analyses included total solids, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals and organic acids. Large seasonal variations in total solids and fat were apparent, with maxima in mid-winter of 139 and 39·0 g/l, respectively, and minima in August of 102 and 25·0 g/l. These differences may be sufficient to alter the sensory properties of the milk, and the fat: casein ratio may need standardisation for cheesemaking. The mean values of trace elements like zinc (5·8 mg/l), iron (4·4 mg/l) and manganese (0·05 mg/l) in Jordanian camel milk could provide valuable additions to the diet of urban populations, as could the mean concentration of vitamin C (33 mg/l). The levels of organic acids were generally higher than in bovine milk and, as with all the constituents of the milk, there were discernible patterns linking concentration and season of the year.

scholarly journals Effects of seasonal variations and collection methods on the mineral composition of propolis from Apis mellifera Linnaeus Beehives

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Souza ◽  
R. Zaluski ◽  
N. Veiga ◽  
R. O. Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract The effects of seasonal variations and the methods of collection of propolis produced by Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758, on the composition of constituent minerals such as magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), and potassium (K) were evaluated. Propolis was harvested from 25 beehives by scraping or by means of propolis collectors (screen, “intelligent” collector propolis [ICP], lateral opening of the super [LOS], and underlay method). During the one-year study, the propolis produced was harvested each month, ground, homogenized, and stored in a freezer at -10 ºC. Seasonal analyses of the mineral composition were carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the results were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey-Kramer’s test to compare the mean values (p<0.05). The results showed that seasonal variations influence the contents of 5 minerals (Mg, Fe, Na, Ca, and Cu), and the propolis harvesting method affects the contents of 4 minerals (Mg, Zn, Fe, and Ca).

Composition of beagle dog milk

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Luick ◽  
Harold R. Parker ◽  
A. C. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Beagle Dog ◽  
The Mean

A statistical study has been made of the composition of the major C-containing compounds taken from beagle dog milk during the 3rd through 5th week of lactation. The mean values are as follows: 26% total solids, 13% fat, 3.3% lactose and 9.8% protein. Total solid content was found to vary with fat content according to the equation: % total solids = 15.6 + 0.85 % fat.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water from Orashi River, Rivers State, Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Onisogen Simeon Edori ◽  
Enize Simeon Edori
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rivers State

Water samples were collected from four different stations bimonthly from the Orashi River for a period of one year. The samples were collected from the shores of selected communities along the Engenni axis of the river. The samples were treated and analyzed according to standard laboratory and analytical procedures for water physicochemical parameters. The parameters examined were pH, Salinity, chlorides (Cl-), Conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrates (NO3-), sulphate (SO42-) and phosphates (PO43-). The results showed that the mean values of the evaluated parameters were; pH (6.91±0.11), salinity (9.79±0.27 mg/L), Cl (6.25±0.25 mg/L), conductivity (29.66±1.20 µS/cm), TDS (17.66±2.08 mg/L), TSS (16.83±1.15 mg/L), turbidity (11.84±1.50 mg/L), temperature (28.16±0.12 oC), DO (5.91±0.18 mg/L), BOD (7.30±0.60 mg/L), COD (9.41±0.70 mg/L), NO3- (3.42±0.27 mg/L), SO42- (1.15±0.56 mg/L) and PO43- (15.65±5.76 mg/L). The results of the different parameters showed that all of them fall within the WHO acceptable limit except turbidity, DO and BOD that were not within the recommended range, then COD and phosphates that were either within or above the recommended values at different instances. Based on the findings of this work, the water may not be particularly suitable for drinking purposes, but can be used for other household functions that do not require consumption and also for irrigation. Keywords: water, physicochemical property, human activity, environment, contamination

STUDIES ON FOLIC ACID IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Yehuda Matoth ◽  
Ariela Pinkas ◽  
Rina Zamir ◽  
Fouad Mooallem ◽  
Nathan Grossowicz
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Folinic Acid ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Initial Drop ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

The level of folic and folinic acid in whole blood was assayed in 373 healthy infants from birth to one year. Folic acid was high at birth and dropped gradually over the first 8 postnatal weeks. The mean value for the remainder of the first year was significantly below the adult mean. Folinic acid was likewise high at birth and dropped parallel with the folic acid. However, following the initial drop, folinic acid mean values remained well above the adult mean. Folic and folinic acid values were higher in breast-fed than in artificially fed infants and lower in infants whose economic status was poor than in babies belonging to families of higher income.

scholarly journals Radiofrequency ablation for Barrett’s esophagus high-volume center initial results

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Ognjan Skrobic ◽  
Marijan Micev ◽  
Mirko Gligorijevic ◽  
Dejan Velickovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Function ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Retrosternal Pain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Initial Results

Introduction: Barrett?s esophagus (BE) is a well established precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Both, surveillance and therapeutic strategies have been proposed over the years. Recent development of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) brought new perspectives in the treatment of BE, with excellent initial results. Methods: The study of 40 pts with macroscopically visible BE on endoscopy and biopsy proven goblet cells presence, was conducted from January 2010 until March 2012. In all pts a complete symptomatic, endoscopic and manometric evaluation was performed. Initially RFA HALO 90 and 360 were performed in 28 and 12pts respectively. Repeated treatments were conducted in 7 pts. The overall number was 50, while the mean number of RFA procedures per patient was 1.25. Results: The mean circumferential length and maximal extent of BE were 1.61 and 3.29 cm respectively. We did not encounter esophageal perforation or hemorrhage during the procedure. Complications were transient short-term retrosternal pain (23 pts) and dysphagia (11 pts). Three months after the RFA mean values of cumulative symptom and heartburn score dropped significantly (p<0.05). Functional diagnostics did not disclose any statistically significant decrease of lower esophageal sphincter pressure or esophageal body contraction amplitudes. One year follow-up was obtained in 26 pts and revealed a complete macroscopically visible BE eradication. So far, in 19 pts a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was performed up to 3 months after complete RFA BE eradication. Conclusion: HALO RFA procedure is safe and very effective in the treatment of pts with BE, does not lead to esophageal function impairment, and produces no long term and serious side effects.

scholarly journals Long-Term Temporal Variability of the Freshwater Discharge and Water Levels at Patos Lagoon, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Barros ◽  
W. C. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Freshwater Discharge ◽  
Patos Lagoon ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physical Forcing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of freshwater discharge as a physical forcing in Patos Lagoon at timescales longer than one year, as well as identify the temporal variability of the dominant processes in freshwater discharge and water levels along the Patos Lagoon. Due to its proximity to the mouth, the water level at the estuary is influenced by the remote effects associated with the adjacent ocean circulation and wave climatology, reducing the observed correlation. At the lagoonar region a high correlation is expected because interannual data is being used, reducing the influence of the wind. Cross wavelet technique is applied to examine the coherence and phase between interannual time-series (South Oscillation Index, freshwater discharge and water levels). The freshwater discharge of the main tributaries and water levels in Patos Lagoon are influenced by ENSO on interannual scales (cycles between 3.8 and 6 years). Therefore, El Niño events are associated with high mean values of freshwater discharge and water levels above the mean. On the other hand, La Niña events are associated with low mean values of freshwater discharge and water levels below the mean.

LONG-TERM INVESTIGATIONS ON CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL CHANGES OF A SLIGHTLY OIL POLLUTED BEACH1

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Gassmann ◽  
Wilfried Gunkel
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Mud Flat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT A sandy and muddy beach polluted by Arabian light crude oil in 1974 was investigated in 1974, 1975, and 1981. The shift of the hydrocarbon contamination from the sand to the mud has been determined by infrared spectroscopy and glass capillary gas chromatography. In 14 months, the mean values of the hydrocarbon content in the sandy beach declined from 203 milligrams per liter (mg/l) to 10 mg/l. However, those of the mud flat increased by 300 percent (from 37 mg/l to 108 mg/l). Six years later, the fossil fuel hydrocarbon concentration had decreased to 0.6 mg/l and 8 mg/l for the sandy and muddy beach, respectively. Nevertheless, both areas still reflect the former polluting event. This was established definitively by the trace analysis of acyclic isoprenoid alkanes (norpristane, pristane, phytane) which indicates oil contamination by detection of mature diastereoisomers. The bacteria reflect the fate of the hydrocarbons. The numbers of oil degraders rapidly increased by several orders of magnitude within the first weeks and reached maximum values well above 1011 per liter of sediment. Simultaneously, the overall ratio of oil-degrading bacteria to normal heterotrophs topped 270 percent, decreasing gradually to the normal background value within one year. The highest ratio of oil degraders was found in the sandy beach shortly after the spill and in the muddy beach after several months.

scholarly journals A Study on Pattern of Growth in Height Among Children of Dhulikhel Municipality

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Dil Islam Mansur ◽  
Anupama Shrestha ◽  
Kalpana Sharma ◽  
Dilip Kumar Mehta ◽  
Rojina Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Growth reference charts are essential to assess appropriate growth of individual children. The height of an individual is the most widely accepted method for the evaluation of growth of the children. The child's height is primarily determined by the length of his/her bones, and thus the children become tall because their bones grow in length. The purpose of the present study was to develop the mean height reference charts for school going children residing in Dhulikhel and to evolve an easily applied formula to assess the height of the children at different age groups. Material and Methods: The present study consisted of 1726 healthy school going children (945 boys and 781 girls) aged 3-16 years, from different Schools of Dhulikhel Municipality during July – December 2015. Age was recorded in year and height of each child was measured cross-sectionally in centimeter and statistical analysis was done.Results: It has been observed that there was a progressively increasing trend in the mean values of the height with advancement of age in both sexes. The study revealed that the adolescent growth spurt or highest peak velocity of girls (11-12 years) was attained earlier by one year than boys (12-13 years). Conclusions: If a child’s height is consistently or substantially different from the height of other children of the same age and gender, it indicates that the child may have a medical problem and requires monitoring or treatment. The trend of physical growth as observed in height may be expected to serve as the growth standards of Dhulikhel’s children.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):209-217

scholarly journals ANTHROPOMETRIC AND MOTOR CHANGES AFTER ONE-YEAR AEROBIC GYMNASTICS TRAINING IN YOUNG GYMNASTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Lamošová ◽  
Oľga Kyselovičová ◽  
Petra Tomková
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Shuttle Run

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of one-year specific aerobic gymnastics training on selected anthropometric and motor parameters in 6-11-year-old girls. 23 girls (average age in the beginning of the study was 8.04 ± 1.22 years) were involved in the study representing 2 different aerobic gymnastics sports clubs in Slovakia. The selected group completed their regular trainings and competitions for a period of one year. Measurements were taken in January 2019 and January 2020, in the middle of the preparatory period. Normality of distribution of the traits was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Considering anthropometric parameters, there were significant changes (p≤0.01) in body height, body weight and BMI. Considering motor parameters, the mean values of straddle support hold and back extension endurance test increased significantly to the level of p≤0.05. The mean values of 4x10m shuttle run, standing long jump, modified push-ups, sit-ups in 60s increased significantly to the level of p≤0.01. No significant changes were observed in bent arm hang test or hanging knee tucks. On the other hand, the values of 1 leg stand with eyes closed and 2-min endurance shuttle run decreased insignificantly.

scholarly journals The effect of conventional versus electronic cigarette use on treatment outcomes of peri-implant disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham AlJasser ◽  
Mohammed Zahid ◽  
Mohammed AlSarhan ◽  
Dalal AlOtaibi ◽  
Saleh AlOraini
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
One Year

Abstract Aim To compare changes in clinical periodontal parameters (gingival consistency, colour, BOP, PI, PD) and changes of salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1 β, IL-6, MMP-8, TNF- α and TIMP-1 between conventional, electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers after peri-implant treatment. Methods Study participants were grouped into three groups (i) Conventional cigarette smokers (ii) Electronic cigarette smokers and (iii) non-smokers respectively. A total of 60 adult patients aged (40–56 years) with 60 implants with active per-impantitis was included.Clinical and Biological parameters were evaluated before surgical treatment at baseline, one, six and twelve month post treatment. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of the categorical while Two-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of quantitative outcome variables among all study groups across the 4 time points. Results A total of 60 subjects (60 implants) were selected and classified into three groups as per their smoking method 20 participants in each group with one single targeted implant diagnosis with active peri-implantitis. The gingival colour, the change was statistically significant at one year of post treatment.The gingival consistency distribution across the three groups is not statistically significant at baseline, but it is statistically significant at one-month (p = 0.001), six months (p = 0.029) and at the completion of one-year (p = 0.018) post treatment. The plaque index of 100% of non-smokers had changed to ‘0’ and 35% change in cigarettes and 30% change in electronic smokers which is statistically significant (p = 0.016).The prevalence of BOP was observed in the three groups as 72%, 76.5% and 88.9% at baseline. The mean values of PD have shown statistically significant change across the three groups over the four-time intervals of observation (p = 0.024). The comparison of mean values of IL-1 β, IL-6 and TIMP-1 has shown statistically significant change across the three groups over the four intervals of observation (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Electronic cigarette smoking was found to be most prevalent risk indicator for peri-implantitis. Compromised response of peri-implantitis treatment both clinically and biologically was found more among electronic cigarette smokers when compared to conventional cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Trial registration: This case-control study was conducted at King Saud University’s Dental College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in accordance with “Helsinki Declaration of Human Studies” and approved by the Institutional Review Board (Reference no: 87563).

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