Alexander Crummell and the Anti-Slavery Dilemma of the Episcopal Church

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-784
Author(s):  
THOMAS STRANGE
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Great Awakening ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
Second Great Awakening ◽  
Episcopal Church ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Church

Alexander Crummell's application to enter the General Theological Seminary in 1839 was problematic for the Episcopal Church. Admitting the African American abolitionist would have exacerbated divisions over slavery within a denomination still recovering from the American Revolution and the Second Great Awakening. The Church's increasing financial dependence on its upper-class members was a further complication. In Northern states the social elite supported anti-abolitionist violence, whilst in the South support for the Church came predominantly from slaveholders, who opposed any form of abolitionism. In order to safeguard the Episcopal Church's future, the denomination had to reject Crummell's application.

scholarly journals The Church Club of New York Library

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Jacqueline H. Rider
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Social Gospel ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Episcopal Church ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Church ◽  
Changing Society

Organized in 1887 by religious, financial, and social leaders in Manhattan, the Church Club of New York holds a library of some 1,500 volumes. It documents the religious roots and theological framework of New York’s financial elite, the birth of the Episcopal Church, and mainline American Protestantism’s reaction to the Social Gospel movement in the early 20th century. This essay discusses how titles illustrate the challenges these gentlemen confronted to their roles and their church’s identity in a rapidly changing society. Industrialization, modernization, immigration were all affecting their personal, professional, and spiritual lives.  It also reflects on how the collection as a whole mirrors the evolution of one sector of 20th century American culture.

A Dream Begins

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Jill D. Snider
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
African American ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Presbyterian Church ◽  
Building Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Church

This chapter examines the Carthage, NC, childhood of African American inventor and entrepreneur Lucean Arthur Headen, with special attention paid to the social networks Headen’s family forged and to the mentors who inspired him to become an inventor. It describes the influence of former slave artisans, among them his grandfather, a wheelwright for the Tyson & Jones Buggy Company, and his great-uncle, a nationally known toolmaker, who schooled him in mechanics; his father, a sawmill owner, who sparked his entrepreneurial ambitions; and aunts and uncles active in the Presbyterian Church and Republican Party, who offered important social connections. Finally, it describes the economic strategy demonstrated for Headen by Rev. Henry D. Wood, who built a diverse coalition of supporters to finance the construction of John Hall Presbyterian Church and Dayton Academy (the church and school Headen attended). Headen later adapted this coalition-building model to finance his first inventions and business efforts.

The Second Great Awakening and the New England Social Order

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Birdsall
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Social Order ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Great Awakening ◽  
Second Great Awakening ◽  
Henry Adams ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Social

“Only the shell of orthodoxy was left.” Such was the considered judgment of Henry Adams on the condition of the inherited socioreligious order of New England by the year 1800.1 The image of the shell of a gourd with loose seeds rattling within is a good one to convey the dissociation between the purposes of the society and the real beliefs of individuals that had come to pass by the end of the eighteenth century. And it presents a notable contrast to the close congruence of individual belief and the social aims of the first generation of New England Puritans.

scholarly journals Watching reality from a distance: class, genre and reality television

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Stiernstedt ◽  
Peter Jakobsson
Keyword(s):  
Reality Television ◽  
Social World ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Distance Class ◽  
Television Programming ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Detailed Picture

The cultural significance of reality television is based on its claim to represent social reality. On the level of genre, we might argue that reality television constructs a modern day panorama of the social world and its inhabitants and that it thus makes populations appear. This article presents a class analysis of the population of reality television in which 1 year of television programming and over 1000 participants have been analysed. The purpose of this analysis is to deepen our understanding of the cultural and ideological dimensions of reality television as a genre, and to give a more detailed picture of the imaginaries of class in this form of television. The results bring new knowledge about the reality television genre and modify or revise assumptions from previous studies. Most importantly, we show that upper-class people and people belonging to the social elite are strongly over-represented in the genre and appear much more commonly in reality television than in other genres. This result opens up a re-evaluation of the cultural and ideological dimensions of the reality television genre.

scholarly journals THE SOCIAL MEDIA PHENOMENON OF SATIRE ACCOUNT @GEREJAPALSU IN THE MOVEMENT OF HOLISTIC PNEUMATOLOGY IN MISSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fajar Panuntun
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Church Of God ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
God's People ◽  
The Church

ABSTRAKGlobalisasi membawa kelaziman-kelaziman yang pada akhirnya diikuti di seluruh dunia. Kelaziman-kelaziman tersebut salah satunya adalah pada gaya hidup manusia. Gaya hidup manusia untuk hidup dalam kemewahan merupakan suatu gaya hidup yang sangat diminati oleh orang-orang pada di era globalisasi ini. Gaya hidup yang demikian merupakan gaya hidup konsumen kelas atas. Dampak dari hal tersebut menjadiaka setiap orang berlomba-lomba untuk terus hidup dalam kemewahan dengan pola hidup konsumtif dan hedon karena setiap orang ingin mendapatkan pengakuan bahwa dirinya adalah  konsumen kelas atas. Gaya hidup yang demikian juga berdampak pada Gereja-gereja Tuhan pada masa kini. Gereja-gereja seakan-akan menekankan  memiliki fokus mengejar kemewahan terlihat dari tema-tema khotbah yang didominasi oleh khotbah-khotbah berkat. Akun satire instagram @gerejapalsu menyikapi penyimpangan-penyimpangan tersebut dengan memberikan kritik dengan gaya bahasa satire melaui postingan-postingan melalui akun instagram. Pembaharuan yang dilakukan oleh akun satire @gerejapalsu memberikan polemic tersendiri. Berdasarkan hal tersebut penelitian ini akan mencoba mengungkapkan pergerakan @gerejapalsu dan keterkaitannya dengan pergerakan pneumatology holistik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan keterkaitan dari fenomena akun satire @gerejapalsu dengan pergerakan pneumatologi holistik.                Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian dekriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi literature dan observasi non partisipan. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan: pertama, mengumpulkan data literature mengenai pnemuatologi holistik, kedua mengumpulkan data literature dan observasi non partisipan dari akun satire @gerejapalsu. Hasil dari penelitian ini menhasilkan keterkaitan antara pneumatologi holistik dan pergerakan akun satire @gerejapalsu. Penelitian ini menggambarkan keterkaitan tersebut dengan tiga keterkaitan yaitu: Pertama, Keduanya memiliki kesamaan dengan motivasi untuk terus-menerus memperbaharui Gereja Tuhan dari praktik-praktik yang menyimpang. Kedua, Keduanya memiliki kesamaan untuk terus-menerus menjaga umat Tuhan dalam panggilan Misi dan menghindarkan mereka dari doktrin-doktrin yang tidak tepat. Ketiga, Keduanya memiliki kesamaan yaitu sama-sama dimarginalisasi oleh gereja-gereja mapan sebelumnya. Kata kunci: Pneumatologi, Holistik, Satire, Instagram, @gerejapalsu ABSTRACTGlobalization brings the norms which are eventually followed throughout the world. One of these practices is the human lifestyle. The human lifestyle to live in luxury is a lifestyle that is in high demand by people in this era of globalization. Such a lifestyle is the lifestyle of upper-class consumers. it gives an impact that everyone is competing to continue to live in luxury with a consumptive and hedon lifestyle because everyone wants to get the recognition that they are a high-class consumer. This lifestyle also affects the Churches of God today. The churches seem to emphasize having a focus on the pursuit of luxury seen from the themes of the sermon which are dominated by sermons of blessing. The satire Instagram account @gerejapalsu for counteracting these irregularities by giving criticism in the style of satire through posts via Instagram accounts. The satire Instagram account @gerejapalsu  counteracting these irregularities by giving criticism in the style of satire through posts via Instagram accounts. Updates made by the account satire @gerejapalsu provide a polemic. Based on that, this research will try to reveal the movement of @gerejapalsu and its relation to the holistic pneumatology movement. This study aims to reveal the link between the phenomenon of satire @gerejapalsu and the holistic pneumatology movement.This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of descriptive research. Data collection was carried out by literature study and non-participant observation. The data collection process is done by first, collecting literature data on holistic pneumatology, secondly collecting literature data and non-participant observation from the satire account @gerejapalsu. The results of this study are the links between holistic pneumatology and the movement of the satire account @gerejapalsu. This study illustrates that connection with three linkages: First, Both have in common with the motivation to constantly renew the Church of God of deviant practices. Second, Both have the same in continually guarding God's people in the call of Mission and avoiding them from inappropriate doctrines. Third, both have in common that they are equally marginalized by the previously established churches. Keywords: Pneumatology, Holistic, Satire, Instagram, @gerejapalsu

Conclusion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifton Hood
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
African American ◽  
Latino Students ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Hunter College ◽  
Economic Basis ◽  
The Social

In June 2010, 18-year old Justin Hudson used his delivery of the graduating speech at Hunter College High School to challenge admissions standards there that had resulted in declining numbers of African-American and Latino students. In his speech, Hudson questioned the very idea of merit that had emerged in the 1970s, an understanding that rested on the two pillars of achievement and diversity that were the foundation of anti-elitism. In pinpointing the social and economic basis of hereditary meritocracy, Hudson attacked the legitimacy of the anti-elitist elite. He identified the central flaw with the present-day understanding of merit by condemning elites for distorting and privileging merit to the point that it reinforced instead of democratizing hierarchies. Ironically, anti-elitism had become the basis of a new upper class.

Friends of the Gods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jón Viðar Sigurðsson
Keyword(s):  
Old Norse ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
The Church ◽  
Theological Concept

This chapter focuses on Christian thoughts on friendship. Friendship was the most important social tie in the Old Norse society; however, only a fraction of the population, mainly householders and members of the social elite, could establish such a tie. By making it possible for everyone to become God's friend, the Icelandic church broke down the traditional societal framework and made friendship an important theological concept. This openness of God's friendship was not the only area where new Christian notions differed from pre-Christian ones: another novelty was the idea that one should forgive one's enemies and treat them as well as one's friends. However, even though Christian ideas about friendship were different in some respects, the Church could not radically change the old ideas, as they were heavily intertwined with political structures.

Mothering Souls: A Vocation of Intercession

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-301
Author(s):  
Donyelle Charlotte McCray
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Episcopal Church ◽  
American Slavery ◽  
Lay Women ◽  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
Church Mother ◽  
The Church ◽  
Distinct Role

Intercession can constitute the heart of one's prayer life and even become a defining mark of one's vocation. Such is the case for the “church mother,” a distinct role held by esteemed elderly lay-women in African American congregations. This article consists of an introduction to the church mother's vocation. The piece begins with an examination of the roots of the role in American slavery and follows with an exploration of the ways race, gender, and advancing age shape the church mother's unique form of spiritual authority. I examine two key qualifications for the role: divine call and longevity in the parish. Then, I delve into the church mother's robust understanding of prayer and explain how theodicy and hope fuel her intercessions. The article closes with a brief profile of a beloved Episcopal church mother from the twentieth century, Mattie Hopkins.

Primitivism in America

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Bowman
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
American History ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Great Awakening ◽  
Second Great Awakening ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Individual Capacity ◽  
Historical Authority

Historians most often use the term primitivism to refer to the attempt to reconstruct a religious tradition’s original theology, structure, or beliefs. Primitivists believe that the earliest expressions of the faith are the most efficacious, powerful, and valid, and hence they attempt to recapture them in as complete a form as it is possible for them to imagine. Thus, they frequently dissent from established religious traditions, believing that those constructed under the primitive impulse achieve superior purity. Of course, these attempts are normally incomplete or inaccurate, reflecting the desires or needs of the group doing the restoring more than the original version of whatever faith is involved. Primitivism has taken on a number of forms throughout American history. This essay follows a chronological approach, but uses Richard Hughes’s designations of “ethical,” “ecclesiastical,” and “experiential” primitivism to distinguish among various movements and provide some order to the narrative. These are common impulses in American religion, particularly in the years immediately following the American Revolution commonly called the Second Great Awakening. The language of primitivism has provided Americans with the weight of historical authority, often invoked to overturn established hierarchies and replace them with forms of religious practice deemed, alternately, more democratic, more biblical, more conducive to religious experience, or more ethically demanding. Whatever the case, primitivism has spoken to the American impulse toward reform, resistance to institution, and individual capacity.

scholarly journals The Altar and the Rail: “Catholicity” and African American Inclusion in the 19th Century Episcopal Church

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Jennifer Snow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Episcopal Church ◽  
White Allies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

Examining the denominational history of The Episcopal Church from the point of view of mission shifts the view of the church’s nature and its most important figures. These become those people who struggled to overcome boundaries of race, culture, and geography in extending the church’s reach and incorporating new people into it, and puts issues of racial relationships at the forefront of the church’s story, rather than as an aside. White Episcopalians from the 1830s forward were focused heavily on the meaning of “catholicity” in terms of liturgical and sacramental practice, clerical privilege, and the centrality of the figure of the Bishop to the validity of the church, in increasingly tense and conflicted debates that have been traced by multiple scholars. However, the development of catholicity as a strategic marker of missional thinking, particularly in the context of a racially diverse church, has not been examined. The paper investigates the ways in which Black Episcopalians and their white allies used the theological ideal of catholicity creatively and strategically in the nineteenth century, both responding to a particular missional history and contending that missional success depended upon true catholicity.

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