Long-Period Comparative Study: Some Historical Cases

1957 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Easterbrook
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
The Impact

In this paper I shall limit myself to various comments on integration narrowly conceived, that is, within the discipline of economic history itself, and to a few historical cases used to illustrate the possibilities and limitations of comparative method as a means to this end. Comparative study, as Miss Thrupp has stressed, scarcely represents a new departure in economic thought. The novelty seems to be rather in the almost universal appeal it now has for those who would explore the mysteries of change. This interest appears to be a consequence of the impact of recent developments in backward-area studies and the closely related pursuit of a general theory of growth; these tend to focus attention on different kinds and rates of growth and comparison becomes inevitable. In turn, accumulations of knowledge about economic change in very different contexts lead to the need for some means of correlating diese, partly for aesthetic reasons but also because a synoptic view of the landscape of change has its very practical use. Unless the whole field can be surveyed from a single point of view, and by this I do not mean the same point of view, it is very difficult to know where the need for more intensive exploration is greatest.

The main trends in the Russian tourism and hospitality market from the point of view of Russian travel agencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Gudkov ◽  
Elena Dedkova ◽  
Kristina Dudina
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss recent developments in the Russian tourism industry and the main reasons for new initiatives in local destination development.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on qualitative research methodology. A summary of key literature is presented alongside the analysis of the survey results.FindingsThis paper sheds light on the challenges and changes that took place in the Russian tourism business between 2014 and 2017. The subject is poorly covered in academic literature. The basic data for analysis presented in official statistics are scarce. Therefore a more effective way of obtaining relevant information was to conduct a survey using a semi-structured questionnaire, with tourism business actors as respondents.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides mostly conceptual analysis based on limited empirical data; directions for further empirical research are proposed in the conclusion.Originality/valueThe paper reveals something of the impact of economic and geopolitical factors, both negative and positive ones, on the restructuring of the Russian tourism market and the emergence of promising opportunities for the development of new domestic destinations. As a result, tourism market actors are able to become more diverse.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION OF STUDENT’S YOUTH BY MEANS OF TOURNAMENT’S COMPETITIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Oksana Salata
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Impact

This research work is dedicated to a topical theme from the science’s point of view. The main goals are to study the role of competitions in history tournaments for students in the development of scientific communication in the process of studying at university. The experimental part of the study included 130 respondents: 100 students as participants of tournament competitions and 30 jury members who evaluated the tournament games and participated in the study of this innovative phenomenon. To determine the effectiveness of tournament competitions and their role in the development of scientific communication, an observation method was used to identify the feelings and behaviour of tournament participants at different stages of the game. The comparative method was used to identify the peculiarities of tournament competitions in the system of competitions, contests held in Ukraine. The survey method was used to identify the level of achievement of participants during the tournament and the impact of tournament competitions on further study and research activities of students. The results of the study proved to be an important factor in the development of scientific communication among students. This fact caused the ability of student’s youth to work in a team and to carry out scientific research and protect own ideas. As a result of the study, it was discovered that students who studied the science themes prior to the tournament and participated in tournament competitions (public defence and opposition) had significantly higher levels of academic achievement than their classmates. A good deal of students noted that during the tournament competitions they communicated with jury members (scholars from all over Ukraine) and got much historical information according to important achievements in historical science, new ideas and concepts, little-known historians so far. According to the results of the study, it was recommended to create a scientific discussion colloquium among students who are interested in investigating science of domestic and foreign scholars.

scholarly journals Methodological principle of interdisciplinarity in the history of economics

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Methodological Principle ◽  
Economic Science

Throughout its history, economic science has been influenced by the principles and methods of more exact sciences. This influence can be traced in the concepts of both classical and neoclassical schools. The latter interpreted economic phenomena and processes from a subjective psychological point of view and contributed to the formation of a particular scientific direction – economic psychology. Institutional school that views the economy as an evolving system has generated such an interdisciplinary trend as economic genetics. The influence of exact sciences on the economic thought has manifested itself not only in the wide application of mathematical modeling, but also in the reference to the analogy with physical processes which formed another interdisciplinary research field – econophysics. Experiencing the influence and employing research methods of natural and exact sciences, economic science in turn ‘penetrates into the territory’ of social disciplines (sociology, politology, history) which generated separate directions of economic analysis: home economics, public choice theory, economic history etc. Such an approach which has not always been favourably received by the experts in related disciplines has been named «economic imperialism» whose representatives are supporters of both neoclassic and new institutional theory. Methodological mainstream is being replaced by methodological pluralism which would entail the coexistence of different theoretical perspectives and interdisciplinary approach is an essential element in building this tradition. This places new demands on the quality of economic education. A modern economist must have knowledge in different sciences and be able to use their analytic apparatus. At the post-nonclassical stage in its development the science of economics makes extensive use of interdisciplinary principles and analytical tools of both natural and humanitarian sciences, having achieved notable progress along this path. Interdisciplinary linkages allow us to reveal deeper patterns, bring to a qualitatively new level of scientific knowledge. Although interdisciplinarity do not always demonstrate effective results it may be considered as one of perspective means of solving complex problems of modern times.

scholarly journals Development of cooperative movement technology in the legacy of Hryhorii Halahan

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
Mykola Shulskyi ◽  
Andrii Shulskyi
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Cooperative Activity ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to consider the development of technology of the cooperative movement, which is based on teachings of Hryhoriy Halahan. Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods are used to study the problems: dialectical, deductive, inductive, abstraction, concretization and comparative method. The following research methods are used: dialectical method of cognition – when considering the historical path of H. Halahan's activity; theoretical generalization and comparison – for the development of the conceptual apparatus and research on the development of cooperative movement technology; abstract and logical – in the theoretical generalization of the essence and achievements of the scientific heritage of H. Halahan. The primary sources in the study are historical Ukrainian works. Findings. A study of the main milestones in the life and work of a prominent figure in Ukraine in the second half of the nineteenth century Hryhoriy Halahan is conducted. The main emphasis in the research processes is focused on: consideration of the conditions for the development of various spheres of social relations in the middle of the XIX century in Ukraine; development and implementation of technology of H. Halahan’s cooperative activity; determining the impact of the technology of H. Halahan’s cooperative activity on the development of agricultural relations. A review of the life of Hryhoriy Halahan, as a prominent figure in Ukrainian economic thought, is implemented. Originality. The generalization of H. Halahan's versatile activity is carried out; in particular the technologies of cooperative activity are singled out. Practical value. Assessing the practical steps of implementation of the technology of H. Halahan’s cooperative activity gives grounds to assert the need for further research on the enrichment of science in this direction. The obtained results of the study are aimed at highlighting the “white spots” of the history of the technology of cooperative movement in the Ukrainian lands of the XIX century. Key words: Hryhoriy Halahan, public relations, cooperation, technologies of cooperative activity, savings and loan cooperation, credits, cooperative activity.

Problems in the Interpretation and Revision of Eighteenth-Century Irish Economic History

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The economic history of Ireland in the late seventeenth and eighteenthcenturies unfolded in an age marked by considerable legislative interference by the British parliament in Irish affairs. The impact of this interference was all the greater because the executive in Dublin was, from the point of view of an Irish colonial nationalist, constitutionally irresponsible, answerable to the king's ministers in London rather than to the Irish legislature. It is not surprising that against this background colonial nationalism emerged at an early date. The interpretation of economic issues fell inevitably under the shadow of constitutional controversy and rising colonial nationalism. In the eyes of contemporaries, and subsequent Irish historians who have borrowed largely both their facts and interpretation of events from the writings of the period, economic development was subsidiary to political issues; not only subsidiary but its achievement or negation a product of policy.

Telework: from distance working to new forms of flexible work organisation

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Valenduc ◽  
Patricia Vendramin
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Work Organisation ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Distance Working

The purpose of this paper is to analyse some recent developments in tele working, considered as flexible work forms linked to the widespread use of information and communication technology (ICT). First of all we draw an overview of emerging and declining forms of telework, referring to recent results of an international survey carried out for the European Commission. This overview highlights that the various teleworking practices can no longer be analysed from the single point of view of ‘working at a distance'. The second section analyses them in a more general framework: the expansion of flexible work organisation and ‘atypical’ work forms, which characterise employment in the information society. These aspects will be commented on in the light of some results of a European socio-economic research project (FLEXCOT), allowing us to pinpoint the role of ICT in these trends. In conclusion, the paper addresses some challenges for industrial relations and collective bargaining.

scholarly journals A scrapie epidemic in Cyprus

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. GRAVENOR ◽  
P. PAPASOZOMENOS ◽  
A. R. McLEAN ◽  
G. NEOPHYTOU
Keyword(s):  
Early Identification ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Long Period ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Information ◽  
Scarce Data

Scrapie is endemic in the sheep flocks of many countries, but good epidemiological information on this disease is scarce. Data on the initial stages of an epidemic are even more rare. We describe the ongoing epidemic of scrapie in Cyprus that has been tracked since it began in the mid-1980s. The early stages of the spread of scrapie from farm to farm, between 1985 and 2000, is analysed with a simple mathematical model. The flock-to-flock basic reproductive number (R0) for the spread of scrapie was estimated at between 1·4 and 1·8. The impact of interventions on the control of the epidemic are discussed from an epidemiological and economic point of view. Early identification of scrapie cases on farms can have a large impact on the number of farms affected. The long period before detection of disease in a flock means that policies based on whole-flock slaughter can be inefficient in preventing spread. Under a range of scenarios, a concentration of resources on early detection and quarantine may be more effective in terms of both the costs and control of the epidemic.

scholarly journals Dependency and Care: Perspectives from the Point of View of Professionals Assessing Situations of Dependency in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Cantero-Garlito ◽  
Juan Antonio Flores-Martos ◽  
Pedro Moruno-Miralles
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To describe how the assessors of dependency have perceived the process of implementation of the Dependency Act in Spain. Methods: A qualitative method was used to analyse interview data (discourse analysis). Purposive sampling was applied. Sixteen occupational therapists were included, who served as dependency assessors in Extremadura, a region of southern Spain. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews between February and March 2019, focused on the characteristic of the Dependency Act. A discourse analysis of the narrative information was performed using processes of open, axial, and selective coding, as well as the constant comparative method. Results: Three topics were identified: (1) Benefits of implementation, connected with the consideration as subjects of rights and the increase in resources. (2) Difficulties linked to the bureaucratization of the process, the lack of sensitivity of the scale of assessment, and the unequal access to benefits and services. (3) The impact of the 2012 budget cuts on financing and on dependent people and their families. Conclusions: The Dependency Act has established itself as a political tool that has generated important social and economic benefits. However, significant difficulties have emerged, which should be addressed to ensure better care for dependent persons.

Family Therapy and Schizophrenia: Recent Developments

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Waring ◽  
Claudia Carver ◽  
Pierrette Moran ◽  
Daniel H. Lefcoe
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Family ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Family Variables ◽  
The Impact

A review of recent studies of family interaction as a causal factor in the development of schizophrenia suggests a paucity of evidence supporting this point of view. However, research has suggested family variables may influence the course and outcome of schizophrenia. The impact of schizophrenia on the family has recently received more attention. Some research has identified differences between families of schizophrenics and the families of other diagnostic groups and controls. Whether these studies are beginning to influence the theory and practice of family therapy is discussed. Recent studies suggest the combination of long-acting medication and ‘psychosocial’ interventions may reduce the relapse rate of schizophrenia in the short term. This research suggests that family therapists must re-evaluate their role in the management of schizophrenia.

Cultural impacts on nursing unit design: A comparative study on Chinese nursing unit typologies and their U.S. counterparts using space syntax

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Cai ◽  
Craig Zimring
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Nursing Unit ◽  
Cultural Impacts ◽  
Unit Design ◽  
Organizational Constructs ◽  
The Impact

This study attempts to understand cultural impacts on nursing unit design through a comparative study on Chinese nursing unit typologies and their U.S. counterparts. The focus is to investigate whether seemingly westernized Chinese nursing units still retained certain characteristics of Chinese socio-cultural preferences; and how configurational differences of Chinese and American nursing unit design reflect the different work styles and organizational communication styles driven by national culture. This study’s contributions are twofold. Firstly, it demonstrates the impact of national culture on nursing unit design. The spatial configuration is a manifesto of culture and is congruent with culture. Secondly, from a methodological point of view, this study has translated abstract cultural schema, organizational constructs, and complex spatial relationships into quantitative spatial metrics. It makes the comparison of various building configurations from different cultures possible. The method and conceptual framework described here can be applied to understanding cultural differences in other building types as well.

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