scholarly journals A scrapie epidemic in Cyprus

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. GRAVENOR ◽  
P. PAPASOZOMENOS ◽  
A. R. McLEAN ◽  
G. NEOPHYTOU
Keyword(s):  
Early Identification ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Long Period ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Information ◽  
Scarce Data

Scrapie is endemic in the sheep flocks of many countries, but good epidemiological information on this disease is scarce. Data on the initial stages of an epidemic are even more rare. We describe the ongoing epidemic of scrapie in Cyprus that has been tracked since it began in the mid-1980s. The early stages of the spread of scrapie from farm to farm, between 1985 and 2000, is analysed with a simple mathematical model. The flock-to-flock basic reproductive number (R0) for the spread of scrapie was estimated at between 1·4 and 1·8. The impact of interventions on the control of the epidemic are discussed from an epidemiological and economic point of view. Early identification of scrapie cases on farms can have a large impact on the number of farms affected. The long period before detection of disease in a flock means that policies based on whole-flock slaughter can be inefficient in preventing spread. Under a range of scenarios, a concentration of resources on early detection and quarantine may be more effective in terms of both the costs and control of the epidemic.

scholarly journals WORLD EXPERIENCE: COMMERCIAL BANK CREDIT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RELATIONSHIP

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Davit Aslanishvili
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Credit Portfolio ◽  
The Impact

This research focuses on the problem of large scale disproportion of success in the development of the banking sector and mostly unsuccessful development of the real sector of the economy. It should be noted that this disproportion is a subject of consideration in contemporary economic literature and our research is an attempt to broaden the issue and share ideas inside the international scientific circles. The main problem in the research is the impact of the banking sector's credit portfolio and the functioning of credit markets on the economic growth of the country. In this regard, it is very important to identify, study the macroeconomic stabilization and accelerated economic growth of the country and analyse the impact mechanisms of the credit market factors on economic growth. The conclusion that combines many of the research and opinions given in the survey can be as follows: From the economic point of view, the main function of banks is to increase the financing/lending of funds as the core point to increase investments in the economy. Thus, the development of the country in economic terms depends on the increase of investments. At present, it is in the hands of the banking sector whether to lead us to economic immobility or to accelerate the country's economic development through efficient allocation of resources.

Restart tourism | build the future

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Marques
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis viewpoint aims to explore the question: How can we restart and monitor the path towards the tourism of the future?Design/methodology/approachThis paper identifies the progress made at scientific, institutional, political and technological levels, and how it is possible to foresee that we will enter in a new era of tourism indicators.FindingsA significant body of literature clearly demonstrates that tourism cannot be viewed simply from an economic point of view as it has a great influence on sociocultural and environmental dimensions. The impact of tourism and how to ensure its long-term success has been invoked for the last few decades, leading to the direct consideration of sustainability indicators in a wide array of scientific publications. However, despite significant advances, the lack of funding, lack of support or interest from the political community, bureaucracies or lack of methodological guidance and of technical skills along the entire value chain pose clear challenges to the development and adoption of wide data systems to support sustainable tourism policies.Originality/valueThe paper sheds light on the Portuguese position regarding the recovery of the tourism sector in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also highlights the commitment to knowledge and monitoring of sustainability in tourism, articulated at international level, and how this is essential in order to make progress and to overcome the challenges facing the sector. At the same time, it demonstrates how fundamental it is to identify solutions to boost the potential of tourism as an economic, social, environmental and cultural phenomenon.

scholarly journals Citizen Action as a Driving Force of Change. The Meninas of Canido, Art in the Street as an Urban Dynamizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
María José Piñeira Mantiñán ◽  
Francisco R. Durán Villa ◽  
Ramón López Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Neighborhood Association ◽  
Urban Art ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

The austerity policies imposed by the government in the wake of the 2007 crisis have deteriorated the welfare state and limited neighborhood recovery. Considering the inability and inefficiency on the part of administrations to carry out improvement actions in neighborhoods, it is the neighborhood action itself that has carried out a series of resilient social innovations to reverse the dynamics. In this article, we will analyze the Canido neighborhood in Ferrol, a city in north-western Spain. Canido is traditional neighborhood that was experiencing a high degree of physical and social deterioration, until a cultural initiative called “Meninas of Canido,” promoted by one of its artist neighbors, recovered its identity and revitalized it from a physical, social, and economic point of view. Currently, the Meninas of Canido has become one of the most important urban art events in Spain and has receives international recognition. The aim of this article is to evaluate the impact that this action has had in the neighborhood. For this, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with the local administration, neighborhood association, the precursors of this idea, merchants, and some residents in general, in order to perceive the reception and evolution of this action.

SE2IR Invest Market Rumor Spreading Model Considering Hesitating Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxing Yao ◽  
Xiangyang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mean Field ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Rumor Spreading ◽  
Immunization Strategy ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Spreading Model ◽  
Mean Field Equations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract According to the actual situation of investor network, a SE2IR rumor spreading model with hesitating mechanism is proposed, and the corresponding mean-field equations is obtained on scale-free network. In this paper, we first combine the theory of spreading dynamics and find out the basic reproductive number R0. And then analyzes the stability of the rumor-free equilibrium and the final rumor size. Finally, we discuss random immune strategies and target immune strategies for the rumor spreading, respectively. Through numerical simulation, we can draw the following conclusions: Reducing the fuzziness and attractiveness of invest market rumor can effectively reduce the impact of rumor. And the target immunization strategy is more effective than the random immunization strategy for the communicators in the invest investor network.

HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND INTRAVENOUS DRUG MISUSE: A MODELING APPROACH

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450006 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEADY MUSHAYABASA ◽  
CLAVER P. BHUNU
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
The Impact

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne infection that can lead to progressive liver failure, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. A deterministic mathematical model for assessing the impact of daily intravenous drug misuse on the transmission dynamics of HCV is presented and analyzed. A threshold quantity known as the reproductive number has been computed. Stability of the steady states has been investigated. The dynamical analysis reveals that the model has globally asymptotically stable steady states. The impact of daily intravenous drug misuse on the transmission dynamics of HCV has been discussed through the basic reproductive number and numerical simulations.

scholarly journals A Simulation on Potential Secondary Spread of Novel Coronavirus in an Exported Country Using a Stochastic Epidemic SEIR Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Iwata ◽  
Chisato Miyakoshi
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Hospital Visit ◽  
Seir Model ◽  
Stochastic Epidemic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multiple Scenarios

Ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and the number of new patients continues to increase. Even though it began to spread to many other parts of the world, such as other Asian countries, the Americas, Europe, and the Middle East, the impact of secondary outbreaks caused by exported cases outside China remains unclear. We conducted simulations to estimate the impact of potential secondary outbreaks in a community outside China. Simulations using stochastic SEIR model were conducted, assuming one patient was imported to a community. Among 45 possible scenarios we prepared, the worst scenario resulted in the total number of persons recovered or removed to be 997 (95% CrI 990–1000) at day 100 and a maximum number of symptomatic infectious patients per day of 335 (95% CrI 232–478). Calculated mean basic reproductive number (R0) was 6.5 (Interquartile range, IQR 5.6–7.2). However, better case scenarios with different parameters led to no secondary cases. Altering parameters, especially time to hospital visit. could change the impact of a secondary outbreak. With these multiple scenarios with different parameters, healthcare professionals might be able to better prepare for this viral infection.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI INSENTIF PAJAK UMKM DI ERA COVID-19 DI KECAMATAN GEDANGAN KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfi Huurin Iin ◽  
Septrian Jihan Aulia Fistabella ◽  
Adellia Nanda Savira ◽  
Kalvin Edo Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Tax Incentive ◽  
Incentive Policy ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

It is known that the people's economy has experienced a significant decline due to the Covid -19 Pandemic which has spread in various regions in Indonesia. From an economic point of view, we found that there was a decrease in income felt by UMKM actors, one of which was in the Gedangan Sub-District, Sidoarjo District which was caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. So that we are interested in examining how the efforts made by the Government through the Ministry of Finance regarding Final Income Tax Incentives to deal with the decline in income faced by UMKM’s. This study aims to determine how the implementation of the Final PPh Tax Incentive policy for UMKM’s during the current Covid-19 pandemic and to find out how the impact felt by UMKM’s regarding the Final Income Tax incentives issued by the Indonesian Minister of Finance. The method we use in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using interviews and observations. The results of this study indicate that the tax incentive policy can not be felt by UMKM actors in Gedangan District, this is due to the lack of socialization provided, resulting in their lack of knowledge about this policy and what conditions they must have to get tax incentives issued by the Ministry of Finance.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF INCOME AND EXPENSES OF PRIVATE CONTRACTORS AS SUBJECTS OF INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Tetyana Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control ◽  
Private Contractor

Introduction. The need to set up a private enforcement institute arose from the problem of enforcement of court decisions. The activities of state executors are clearly regulated, have experience and achievements. A private contractor is authorized by the state to carry out enforcement activities, but from an economic point of view, he is a self-employed person, which means that he is financially interested in the results of his work. The economic aspect of private contractor activity is not well understood to date. Methods. The study is based on the use of the historical and comparative method in determining the prerequisites for establishing an institute of private performers in Ukraine and in the world. A generalization method was used to determine general properties in the taxation of private contractors. The efficiency of the work and the feasibility of introducing a “private” element in the enforcement of court decisions was proved by the method of analysis. The method of grouping was used to determine the taxation base for the performance of private contractors. Results. The organizational and legal aspects of the activity of private contractors have been determined. The economic advantages and disadvantages of introducing the Institute of Private Performers are presented. The procedure for recognition of income and formation of costs of private contractors is outlined. It is proved inadmissible to identify the concepts of “costs of enforcement proceedings” and “costs of private executors”. The necessity of accounting and control of results of activity of private contractors is substantiated. Discussion. Prospects for further researches will be to develop recommendations for accounting for deposit accounts; accounts intended to be credited to enforcement proceedings; accounts intended to account for the principal and additional remuneration of private contractors; payroll calculations; payments with budget for taxes, fees, other required payments private artist revenue and expenses, etc. Keywords: enforcement proceedings, self-employed entities, private contractor, remuneration of private contractor, costs of enforcement proceedings, costs of private contractor, income of private contractor.

scholarly journals The heterogeneous severity of COVID-19 in African countries: A modeling approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salihu Sabiu Musa ◽  
Xueying Wang ◽  
Shi Zhao ◽  
Shudong Li ◽  
Nafiu Hussaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on global health and economics. The impact in African countries has not been investigated through fitting epidemic models to the reported COVID-19 deaths.Method: We downloaded data for the twelve most affected countries with the highest cumulative COVID-19 deaths to estimate the time-varying basic reproductive number (R0(t)) and infection attack rate (IAR). We developed a simple epidemic model and fitted the model to reported COVID-19 deaths in twelve African countries using iterated filtering and allowing a flexible transmission rate.Results: We observed high heterogeneity in the case-fatality rate across countries, which may be due to different reporting or testing efforts. South Africa, Tunisia, and Libya were affected most strongly, exhibiting a relatively higher(R0(t)) and infection attack rate.Conclusion: To effectively control the spread of COVID-19 epidemics in Africa, there is a need to consider other mitigation strategies (such as improvements in socioeconomic well-being, healthcare systems, the water supply, and awareness campaigns).

scholarly journals Natural Gas Hydrate Prediction and Prevention Methods of City Gate Stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lili Zuo ◽  
Sirui Zhao ◽  
Yaxin Ma ◽  
Fangmei Jiang ◽  
Yue Zu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
And Control

During the process of distributing natural gas to urban users through city gate stations, hydrate is easy to form due to the existence of throttling effect which causes safety risks. To handle this problem, a program to quickly calculate hydrate prediction and prevention methods for city gate stations is developed. The hydrate formation temperature is calculated through the Chen–Guo model, and the Peng–Robinson equation of state combined with the balance criterion is used to analyze the water condensation in the throttling process. The Wilson activity coefficient model is used to calculate the mass fraction in the liquid phase of thermodynamic inhibitors for preventing hydrates. Considering the volatility of inhibitors, the principle of isothermal flash has been utilized to calculate the total injection volume of the inhibitor. Moreover, the effects of commonly used methanol and ethylene glycol inhibitors are discussed. In terms of safety and sustainability, the ethanol inhibitor, which is considered for the first time, exhibited better prevention and control effects under conditions with relatively high temperature and low pressure after throttling. Combined with the actual working conditions of a gate station, methanol has the best inhibitory effect, followed by ethylene glycol. From an economic point of view, the benefits of the gas phase of the inhibitor during the delivery of natural gas are obvious; therefore, the method of methanol injection is recommended for hydrate prevention. If the gas phase benefits of the inhibitor are not considered, the ethylene glycol injection method becomes more economical.

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