scholarly journals Electrophoretic and Immunological Studies on Sera from Calves from Birth to Weaning I. Electrophoretic Studies

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
The Relationship

Summary1. The serum proteins of calves from birth to weaning, and the maternal colostral whey have been examined with the ‘classical’ Tiselius electrophoresis apparatus. Differences were shown between calves fed colostrum and those partially deprived of colostrum.2. A study of the pre-colostral calf serum showed the presence of albumin and of two major components with mobilities similar to the α and β globulins of adult serum. A component forming approximately 1·4 % of the total serum proteins and with a mobility similar to that of γ1 or fibrinogen represented the γ1 globulin. This globulin component was not unconverted fibrinogen and may be autogenous γ globulin or γ globulin passively acquired in utero.3. Autogenous γ globulin was evident in colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived calves shortly after birth. The γ1 and γ2 components could be distinguished by the 10th day after birth, at which time the γ1 globulin was the greater. By the 30th day the γ2 globulin exceeded the γ1 globulin and a smaller component termed the γ3 globulin could usually be detected between the γ2 and the salt boundary.4. Albumin concentrations generally fluctuated inversely to changes in the total serum globulins.5. The α globulins associated with fetuin declined shortly after birth in the colostrum-fed group. In the deprived group α globulin first rose and then fell. In both groups minimum α globulin values were reached at about the 30th day, when the α1 globulin, although initially the major component in pre-colostral calf serum, was more depleted than the α2.6. The β globulin frequently showed a transient though marked increase when the α globulins were at their lowest values.7. No changes in the electrophoretic mobilities of the major serum proteins were detected as the calves matured, and no significant difference was found between the mobilities of the electrophoretic components of calf and adult sera.8. The electrophoretic examination of colostral whey, colostral lacto-globulin fractions and calf serum immediately after suckling usually showed one lacto-globulin component. The relationship between the serum γ globulins and the lacto-globulin. is discussed.The author wishes to thank Dr M. Robertson, F.R.S., and Sir Alan Drury, F.R.S. for their interest and encouragement during the course of this work, Dr W. R. Kerr for his co-operation in supplying most of the serum and colostrum samples, and Dr A. W. Stableforth and Dr J. S. Paterson for making certain cattle available for these experiments.

Muscle Weight Relationship to Serum Proteins, Hemocytes, and Hepatopancreas in the Lobster, Homarus americanus

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2339-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
John W. Cornick ◽  
Diane M. Foley ◽  
M. F. Li ◽  
C. M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
The Relationship

Total serum protein values, hemocyte numbers, and muscle weights were determined for 216 intermolt lobsters immediately after their capture, and for 230 others held captive under a variety of dietary and environmental conditions. Average muscle values ranged from approximately 13% to the more normal 20–25% of the live animals' weight, depending upon experimental conditions. The total serum protein up to a level of 55 mg/ml was shown to be a reliable indicator of muscle weights, although the relationship was not identical for all lobster groups. It appeared to be modified chiefly by the areas from which the different groups were taken. Diet was more important than the temperatures (5 to 14 C) in affecting changes in muscle and serum protein values. Starvation caused a greater reduction (50 to 70%) in the size of the hepatopancreas than in the muscle. Histological examination of the hepatopancreatic tissue showed that the lipid content was markedly reduced upon starvation and that a degeneration of this organ was apparent for lobsters fed a beef liver and herring diet. Measurement of serum proteins would appear to be a useful technique in experiments on lobster nutrition and have value, within specified limits, for assessing the physiological condition of wild lobsters.

METABOLIC EFFECTS OF THYROTROPHIC HORMONE IN MAN

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Skanse ◽  
Wilfried von Studnitz
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Thyrotrophic Hormone ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Rebound Phenomenon

ABSTRACT The metabolic effects of prolonged administration of thyrotrophic hormone were studied in 5 euthyroid subjects and in 1 patient who had been subjected to total thyroidectomy. Thyrotrophic hormone (TSH) had no effect in the thyroidectomized patient, thus showing that the metabolic effects were mediated by stimulation of the thyroid. In the euthyroid subjects the TSH caused an increase in thyroid activity as judged by the rise in basal metabolic rate (BMR) and serum protein-bound iodine (PBI) and the clinical symptoms. The administration of TSH resulted in: elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and in an increase of the fibrinogen, haptoglobin, coeruloplasmin and total hexose content of the serum; an increase of α1-, α2-, and β2-globulins and smaller and less consistent changes in the albumin and β1- and γ-globulins, i. e. changes of the type seen in acute infections or acute inflammatory diseases; a fall in the total serum lipids, cholesterol and phospholipids, and less consistent changes in the α- and β-lipoproteins. During continued administration of TSH all the above mentioned metabolic effects tended to level off and/or disappear, probably owing to formation of antibodies. Withdrawal of TSH was followed by a rebound phenomenon, presumably because of diminished production of thyroid hormone. From the clinical point of view the possibility of increased thyroid function being a cause of elevated ESR and of the serum proteins changes resembling those seen in acute inflammatory processes should perhaps be considered.

216 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OXYGEN CONSUMPTION RATE AND PREGNANCY RATE OF BOVINE EMBRYOS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sakagami ◽  
K. Akiyama ◽  
Y. Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Relationship

A precise evaluation of embryo quality is important to estimate the suitability of embryo transfer to recipient animal. Recently, an objective evaluation method was reported for bovine embryos, in which the oxygen consumption of embryos can be noninvasively determined by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) (Shiku et al. 2001 Anal. Chem. 73, 3751–3758). Trimarchi et al. (2000 Biol. Reprod. 62, 1866–1874) suggested that the oxygen consumption reflects the cell number and mitochondrial activity of embryos. The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the oxygen consumption of in vivo-derived embryos by SECM, (2) to investigate the relationship between oxygen consumption and morphological estimation of embryos, and (3) to assess the correlation among the oxygen consumption, embryo viability, and pregnancy rates. Fifty-six embryos were collected from Japanese Black cattle, which were superovulated with a total dose of 20 mg porcine FSH (FSH-R; Kawasaki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) followed by AI. The qualities of collected embryos at the stage of compacted morulae (CM), early blastocysts (EB), and blastocysts (BL) on Day 7 after AI were categorized as grade 1 and grade 2, according to the IETS manual (2002). The oxygen consumption rates of embryos were evaluated by SECM, as previously described by Abe et al. (2004 J. Mamm. Ova Res. 21). Embryos were frozen by programmable freezer in Dulbecco's PBS containing 1.5 M ethylene glycol, 0.1 M trehalose, and 20% calf serum. They were thawed by holding the straws in air for 8 s and then immersing them in a 30°C water bath for 15 s. After thawing, the embryos were examined for oxygen consumption. Twenty-eight embryos were then cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol for 24 h to assess the viability of embryos by re-expansion of blastocole. The remaining 28 embryos were transferred to recipients. The pregnancy rates were determined by rectal palpation on Day 70. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The consumption rates of BL embryos on Day 7 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of CM collected on the same day (0.84 vs. 1.29 × 10−14 mol s−1, respectively). A significant difference was also observed in consumption rates between grade 1 and 2 embryos at the BL stage (P < 0.05). After freezing–thawing, the average oxygen consumption rates of embryos were 0.52 × 10−14 mol s−1 for CM (n = 9), 0.67 × 10−14 mol s−1 for EB (n = 8), and 0.96 × 10−14 mol s−1 for BL (n = 11). The CM embryos with rates of < 0.5 × 10−14 mol s−1 and the EB and BL embryos with those < 0.6 × 10−14 mol s−1 did not show good morphological appearance after 24 h in culture. Pregnant animals were not obtained from embryos with rates <0.5 × 10−14 mol s−1 for CM (n = 5) and <0.7 × 10−14 mol s−1 for EB (n = 9). A high pregnancy rate (67%) was obtained from embryos with rates >1.0 × 10−14 mol s−1 for BL (n = 14). These results suggest that the measurement of oxygen consumption of embryos after embryo freezing and prior to embryo transfer may be useful for estimating embryo quality and suitability of embryo transfer.

Effect of feeding graded levels of apple pomace on growth performance, haemato-biochemical parameters and rumen metabolites in crossbred calves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Massod ◽  
A M Ganai ◽  
G G Sheikh ◽  
J Farooq ◽  
Y Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

To study effect of feeding graded levels of apple pomace on performance of crossbred calves,90 days growth trial followed by 6 days metabolic trail was conducted on 16 female Jersey crossbred calves divided into four equal groups with control (T0) fed concentrate diet without apple pomace and experimental groups viz, T1, T2 and T3, where maize was replaced by 25%, 50% and 75% of apple pomace, respectively. There was no significant difference in dry matter intake, growth performance, feed conversion ratio and digestibility coefficients of CF, NFE, ADF and HC with inclusion of apple pomace in calf ration; however digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE and NDF reduced significantly at higher inclusion level (75%). There was also no significant difference in nutritive value of the experimental diets with respect to %DCP and %TDN, ME, DE and NR. There was no significant difference in the mean haemato-biochemical values, however significant (P LESS THEN 0.05) effect of feeding apple pomace was observed on total serum proteins with lower values in animals of T3group as compared to control. Similarly non-significant differences were observed in ruminal pH, TVFA, total nitrogen, NH3-N, TCA-ppt. N and NPN values.

An Electrophoretic Study of the Proteins in Rubber Latex Serum

1943 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-549
Author(s):  
Charles P. Roe ◽  
Roswell H. Ewart
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Vacuum Sublimation ◽  
Electrophoretic Study ◽  
Stability Behavior ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Electrophoretic Behavior ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract 1. The serum from unpreserved rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) latex contains seven electrophoretically distinct protein components. The proteins from whole serum originating in Sumatra and Florida give very similar results in electrophoresis experiments. 2. The relationship between electrophoretic mobility and pH has been determined for five of the seven protein components of unpreserved total latex serum. The results are considerably different from those reported by workers with ammonia-preserved latex, and tend to clarify observed differences in the stability behavior of unpreserved and preserved latex. 3. Ammonia-preservation treatment rapidly alters the electrophoretic behavior of the native protein components of latex serum and reduces the number of resolvable components from seven to two. 4. The preparation of dry latex protein from rubber-free latex serum can be accomplished by the vacuum sublimation of frozen serum. This process does not appear to produce important changes in the electrophoretic properties of the total serum proteins. 5. Minor modifications of the electrodes and of the standard illumination system in the electrophoresis apparatus are described.

scholarly journals Comparison of serum protein electrophoretic pattern in cows and small ruminants

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Nagy ◽  
Csilla Tóthová ◽  
Veronika Nagyová ◽  
Gabriel Kováč
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Protein Electrophoretic Pattern

Determination of the physiological electrophoretic patterns in animals is very useful for clinicians in diagnosing healthy and sick animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the serum protein electrophoretic pattern in cows, sheep, and goats in order to evaluate the differences in the size and number of protein fractions between the evaluated ruminant species. Ten adult multiparous high-yielding dairy cows, 10 adult female sheep and 10 adult female goats were included in this study. All the evaluated animals were clinically healthy. Serum was analyzed for total serum protein concentrations, and for the relative and absolute values of protein fractions with calculation of albumin/globulin ratios. Serum protein fractions were separated by zone electrophoresis on buffered agarose gel. Serum protein electrophoresis identified 6 distinct bands, comprising albumin, alpha1- (α1), alpha2- (α2), beta1- (β1), beta2- (β2), and gamma- (γ) globulins in cows. In sheep, serum proteins exhibited 6 fractions: albumin, α1-, α2-, β-, γ1- and γ2-globulins. In goats, serum proteins were separated into 5 fractions: albumin, α1-, α2-, β- and γ-globulins. Significant differences in the relative as well as absolute means were found for the albumin/globulin ratio and most of the protein fractions, except γ-globulins. No significant differences were found in the concentration of total proteins. These results describe the marked species differences in most of serum protein fractions between the evaluated groups of animals, and contribute to the current knowledge about the physiological electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in ruminants, which can be used for diagnostic purposes.

scholarly journals Changes in the Serum Protein Fractions in Goats after Treatment of Natural Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Frederika Chovanová ◽  
Csilla Tóthová ◽  
Róbert Klein ◽  
Oskar Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Antiparasitic Treatment

Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in small ruminants belong to major health problems. The regulation of gastrointestinal infections in goats and the responses developed against them appear to be different from those observed in sheep. In the literature, there is a lack of data on the effect of gastrointestinal parasitic infections on the serum protein profile in goats. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites and to compare the changes in the total serum proteins and serum protein fractions (albumin and α1-, α2-, β-, and γ-globulins) obtained after antihelminthic treatment. Eight adult female goats of the white shorthaired breed from a small dairy goat farm at the age ranging between 3 and 5 years with average body weight 35.4 ± 3.2 kg and body condition score (BCS) from 1.5 to 2.5 were used in the study. The serum proteins in goats were separated into five fractions: albumin, α1- and α2-globulins, and β- and γ-globulins. Significant changes after treatment were found in the relative concentrations of albumin ( P < 0.01 ) and α2- ( P < 0.05 ), β- ( P < 0.001 ), and γ-globulins ( P < 0.01 ), as well as albumin/globulin ratio ( P < 0.01 ). The mean concentration of total serum proteins was, after the antiparasitic treatment, significantly higher. Among the globulin fractions, the γ-globulin fraction contributed most significantly to these changes ( P < 0.001 ). The results presented in the study suggest a significant effect of antiparasitic treatment in goats on the synthesis of blood serum proteins and on the changes of the proportion of serum protein fractions.

Impaired dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in pubertal gynecomastia

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Özge Yüce ◽  
Derya Tepe ◽  
Özcan Erel
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pubertal Gynecomastia

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) with a new method in patients with pubertal gynecomastia and also to investigate the relationship between sex hormones. Methods Thiol/disulfide homeostasis, involving native thiol (SH), disulfide (SS) and total thiol (SS + SH), was evaluated between 20 adolescent boys with gynecomastia in mid-puberty and 50 healthy adolescents, who were matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and pubertal stage. The correlations of total serum testosterone (TT) and estradiol (E2) levels with the oxidative parameters were also determined. Results No significant difference was found between the total thiol, native thiol, disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios of the patient and control groups. The mean disulfide concentrations, disulfide/native thiol and the disulfide/total thiol ratios were statistically significantly higher in the patient group than in the controls. A positive correlation was found between the E2 and native thiol levels, also there was a negative correlation between the E2 and disulfide levels. TT was negatively correlated with both native thiol and disulfide levels. All these did not statistically differ between the patients with unilateral and bilateral gynecomastia. Conclusions There was an impaired thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with pubertal gynecomastia. According to this result, we can postulate that oxidative stress may be an etiologic factor that contributes to initiation and/or progression of gynecomastia.

scholarly journals C - reactive protein predictive marker value and its significance in management of pre dialysis chronic kidney disease patients when correlated with total serum proteins and serum albumin levels: experience in a teaching institution

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balvinder Singh Arora ◽  
Indu Biswal ◽  
Poornima Sen ◽  
Santhosh Rajan ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
P Value ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is imposing newer challenges, not only globally, but, also in India, especially managing the end stage renal disease (ESRD). Screening for CKD at an early stage, by, high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) with or without other clinical, biochemical or anthropometric parameters helps initiate specific therapy to reduce the progression of renal disease. Although, malnutrition, inflammation and cardio vascular diseases (CVD) have been shown as significant independent risk factors of mortality in CKD patients, but, whether there exists any relationship between hsCRP and serum proteins and serum albumin levels, one of the important indicators of PEM, has not been extensively studied in pre-dialysis CKD patients.Methods: The study included a total of 60 adult subjects. Of these, 30 were study cases who fulfilled the case definition of CKD and were compared with 30 patients who did not show any signs or symptoms of CKD. As per the objective - hsCRP values were estimated by ELISA test, quantified and statistically correlated with total serum proteins and albumin levels.Results: A significant difference was found in the mean value of hsCRP in cases and in controls (p value 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the mean level of total serum protein in cases and controls, but, the mean differences in the level of serum albumin between cases and controls was significant. The association of serum albumin and hsCRP was found to be significant (p value <0.001). If a level of serum albumin < 3.5 is taken as a marker of malnutrition, it is found that 66.66% of patients have hypo-albuminaemia.Conclusions: The present study comes to an important conclusion that hsCRP is a useful  independent predictor of CKD and if correlated with serum albumin levels, it would help clinician manage the patient effectively by initiating an aggressive yet very appropriate therapy at the pre-dialysis stage with the likelihood of an ‘evidence based’ reduction in morbidity and mortality.

Influence of hypoproteinemia on bile proteins

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taketo Katsuki ◽  
Charles G. Johnston ◽  
Charles Koucky
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Additional Function ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Bile Protein

Plasmapheresis was performed in dogs to change the serum protein and bile protein. A low caloric diet and plasmapheresis resulted in a diminished plasma albumin, slightly increased α-globulin, and definitely increased ß- and γ-globulins. Simultaneously, B-fraction (albumin-containing-fraction of bile) decreased while the C-fraction (α-globulin-containing-fraction of bile) and D-fraction (ß- and γ-globulin-containing-fraction of bile) increased. When the plasmapheresis was discontinued and a normal caloric diet supplied, there was a gradual reversal of these changes toward the original levels. This is further indication that B-, C- and D-fraction of bile proteins arise from blood proteins. It is apparent that this is not by simple transudation of proteins from capillaries to bile canaliculi because the smallest protein molecular B-fraction comprises a smaller proportion of bile proteins than of serum proteins, whereas the larger molecular D-fraction comprises a larger proportion of bile proteins than of serum proteins, and yet the total bile protein concentration is always much less than the total serum protein concentration. There must be some mechanism regulating the occurrence of the bile proteins, and this may be an additional function of the hepatic cells.

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