scholarly journals A descriptive account of the Quebec French diphthong fête

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Josiane Riverin-Coutlée ◽  
Johanna-Pascale Roy
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Relative Duration ◽  
Spectral Changes ◽  
Phonetic Transcription ◽  
Descriptive Account ◽  
Quebec French ◽  
The Way

Diphthongization has a long history in Quebec French. In this variety, lengthened vowels have the potential to be diphthongized. However, one vowel stands out, as it is always long and seems particularly inclined to be diphthongal: the fête vowel. While it has been much studied over the years, some uncertainties remain in the literature, especially whether length or quality primarily distinguishes it and which phonetic transcription appropriately reflects the way Quebec French speakers pronounce it today. This study addresses these issues by drawing a parallel between acoustic properties of the fête vowel and those of other vowels produced in similar consonantal contexts by 52 native speakers of Quebec French. After analyzing 8866 tokens, we present a descriptive account of their relative duration, location in F1/F2 planes and spectral changes. The results show that fête is, in fact, acoustically distinct, but more in terms of the spectral changes that occur than its duration. Its first two formants extensively shift between 25% and 75% of its duration, with a substantial F2 increase and F1 decrease. In F1/F2 planes, fête has onset values similar to /a/ and offset values similar to /ɛ/. Therefore, we argue that the two most commonly used phonological transcriptions for this singular vowel, /ɜ/ and /ɛː/, present some problems and do not capture its characterizing features. Drawing on our results and the IPA vowel chart, we suggest a more accurate symbol.

Intention‐Based Semantics

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Borg
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Possible World ◽  
Important Respect ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
The Way

There is a sense in which it is trivial to say that one accepts intention- (or convention-)based semantics. For if what is meant by this claim is simply that there is an important respect in which words and sentences have meaning (either at all or the particular meanings that they have in any given natural language) due to the fact that they are used, in the way they are, by intentional agents (i.e. speakers), then it seems no one should disagree. For imagine a possible world where there are physical things which share the shape and form of words of English or Japanese, or the acoustic properties of sentences of Finnish or Arapaho, yet where there are no intentional agents (or where any remaining intentional agents don't use language). In such a world, it seems clear that these physical objects, which are only superficially language-like, will lack all meaning.

THE INTERACTION OF LANGUAGES AND CULTURES AS AN OBJECT OF POLYPARADIGMATIC RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (103) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
TATYANA E. VLADIMIROVA
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Unity Of Language ◽  
Active Communication ◽  
The Trinity ◽  
The Way

The focus of this article is on the integral unity of language and culture, which predetermined the evolution of the person speaking . An appeal to the ancient holistic methodology revealed the trinity of psychological intention and speech itself in the correlation with cultural values. Consequently, teaching a foreign language, focused on active communication with native speakers, is also an object of polyparadigmatic research, which should precede the development of new teaching technologies. The undertaken consideration made it possible to single out a synergetic approach as combining the teaching of a foreign language, culture and the way of beingness formed on their basis with a personal need for self-development and self-realization.

Paralingustic Means in German as a Guide to Cross-cultural Communication

10.12737/5742 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Дубинский ◽  
Vladimir Dubinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
German Language ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Speech Interaction ◽  
The Way

In this issue we are starting to publish the research paper presented by V.I. Dubinskiy. The author aims at demonstrating non-verbal means of communi- cation in the German language as well as showing the way they are used in everyday life and the specifics of teaching them further cross-cultural communication with Germans. Knowing non-verbal means of communication typical of native speakers means broadening the general knowledge of the student of the language and developing an active communicative approach to speech interaction.

On the perceptual origin of loanword adaptations: experimental evidence from Japanese

Phonology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Peperkamp ◽  
Inga Vendelin ◽  
Kimihiro Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
English Word ◽  
French Word ◽  
Nasal Consonant ◽  
Epenthetic Vowel ◽  
The Way

Japanese shows an asymmetry in the treatment of word-final [n] in loanwords from English and French: while it is adapted as a moraic nasal consonant in loanwords from English, it is adapted with a following epenthetic vowel in loanwords from French. We provide experimental evidence that this asymmetry is due to phonetic differences in the realisation of word-final [n] in English and French, and, consequently, to the way in which English and French word-final [n] are perceived by native speakers of Japanese. Specifically, French but not English word-final [n] has a strong vocalic release that Japanese listeners perceive as their native vowel [ɯ]. We propose a psycholinguistic model in which most loanword adaptations originate in perceptual assimilation, a process which takes place during perception and which maps non-native sounds and sound structures onto the phonetically closest native ones. We compare our model to alternatives couched within phonological theory.

Contrasted and maintained information in a narrative task

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 30-62
Author(s):  
Patrizia Giuliano
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Textual Cohesion ◽  
Temporal Shifts ◽  
The Way

This paper proposes an analysis of 100 narrative texts concerned with English and Italian as L1s and L2s. We will compare the way both native speakers and learners build textual cohesion when faced with a narrative task involving several referential restrictions: contrasts of entity and polarity, maintenance of the same predication, temporal shifts etc. The stimulus used to collect the data is the film retelling The Finite Story by Dimroth (2006). Our results will add to the debate about the learners’ tendency to establish anaphoric linkage according to the specific grammaticised (readily encodable) concepts of their mother tongue. In particular, we will show that even at very advanced and almost native levels learners tend to exploit formal and conceptual means resembling those of their mother tongue, demonstrating by that that they have not completely abandoned the L1 specific “perspective taking”.

scholarly journals CIRI-CIRI AKUSTIK KONTRAS PENYUARAAN BUNYI FRIKATIF ARAB BERASASKAN PARAMETER TEMPOH FRIKASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-168
Author(s):  
Shahidi A. Hamid ◽  
Majdan Paharal Radzi ◽  
Rahim Aman ◽  
Mumad CheLaeh ◽  
Anwar Omar Din
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word List ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Voicing Contrast ◽  
Fricative Voicing ◽  
Islamic Civilization

Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Makalah ini bertujuan menyerlahkan perbezaan penyuaraan bunyi frikatif Arab bersuara dan tak bersuara yang dihasilkan oleh penutur Melayu. Kajian lepas membuktikan bahawa penutur Melayu sering melakukan kesalahan pertuturan faringealisasi Arab.   Metodologi: Analisis ciri-ciri akustik bunyi frikatif Melayu dan Arab di awal kata menggunakan parameter tempoh frikasi, justeru, dilaksanakan bagi menyerlahkan persamaan dan perbezaan bunyi konsonan berkenaan. Kaedah analisis spektrograf menerusi perisian Praat dimanfaatkan bagi membolehkan pengkaji memindahkan data rakaman ujaran dalam bentuk spektrogram dan melakukan penelitian akustik. Hasil dapatan analisis akustik dimanipulasikan menerusi SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Data spektogram sebanyak 2960 diperoleh daripada rakaman ujaran subjek kajian seramai 24 orang pelajar ijazah Sarjana Muda Pengajian Bahasa Arab dan Tamadun Islam Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Proses rakaman terlebih dahulu dijalankan di studio rakaman Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, UKM menggunakan alat perakam TASCAM MP3/WAV. Senarai perkataan mengandungi bunyi frikatif di awal kata bagi kedua-dua bahasa dibaca oleh subjek kajian dengan keadaan tahap pertuturan yang selesa, iaitu tidak terlalu perlahan dan tidak terlalu laju. Subjek diminta mengulangi perkataan tersebut sebanyak lima kali.   Dapatan Kajian: Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa bunyi frikatif tak bersuara /s/ adalah lebih panjang berbanding bunyi bersuara /z/. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa tiada hubungan signifikan antara bunyi /س/ dan /sˤ/ dan /ز/ dan /zˤ/. Secara khususnya, kajian ini mengesahkan bahawa tidak semua bunyi faringealisasi Arab dipengaruhi bahasa ibunda. Bunyi ini mampu juga dikuasai oleh bukan penutur natif Arab.   Implikasi: Kajian ini memberi implikasi signifikan terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa kedua di Malaysia serta perkembangan ilmu fonetik akustik di Malaysia khususnya bagi menambah baik sebutan frikatif Arab dalam kalangan penutur natif Melayu.   Kata kunci: Akustik, bahasa Arab, gangguan bahasa, pemindahan bahasa, tempoh frikasi.   Abstract   Background and Purpose: This paper aims to highlight the voicing contrast of Arabic and Malay fricatives produced by Malay native speakers. Previous studies show that Malay speakers often make mistakes on Arabic pharyngealisation.   Methodology: This study, thus, analysed the frication duration characteristics of Malay and Arabic fricatives in initial word position and highlight their similarities and differences. The spectrographic analysis method via Praat software was utilized to enable the researcher to transfer speech recording data into a spectrogram and analysed acoustically. A total of 2960 spectrograms was obtained from the recording of 24 subjects’ utterences. The subjects are undergraduate students of Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The recording process was performed in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UKM recording studio using TASCAM MP3 / WAV recorder. A word list that contains the fricative sound at the beginning of each word in both languages was ​​read by subjects with comfortable speech level, i.e. neither slow nor too fast. Subjects were asked to repeat the word five times.   Findings: The result of the acoustic analysis was manipulated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. This study found that the fricative sound / s / is longer than the sound / z / for both languages. The findings also show that there is no significant relationship between sound / س / and / sˤ / and / ز / and / zˤ /. In particular, this study confirms that not all Arabic pharyngealisation are influenced by their native language. It can be mastered also by non-native speakers of Arabic.   Contributions: This study provides significant implications for learning Arabic as a second language in Malaysia as well as the development of acoustic phonetics, particularly, in improving the fricative pronunciation of Arabic among native speakers of Malay.   Keywords: Acoustic, Arabic, frication duration, language interference, language transfer.   Cite as: Shahidi A. H., Radzi, M. P., Aman, R., CheLaeh, M., & Anwar, O. D. (2020). Ciri-ciri akustik kontras penyuaraan bunyi frikatif Arab berasaskan parameter tempoh frikasi [The acoustic properties of Arabic fricative voicing contrast based on the frication duration parameter]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 143-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp143-168

scholarly journals Footing is Not Always about Stress: Formalizing Variable High Vowel Deletion in Québec French

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme D. Garcia ◽  
Heather Goad ◽  
Natália Brambatti Guzzo
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Quebec French ◽  
Vowel Deletion ◽  
The Right ◽  
Phonological Phrase

The existence of foot structure in (Québec) French is disputed, since the only position of obligatory prominence in the language is the right edge of the phonological phrase. In this paper, we propose that a segmental process, namely, high vowel deletion (HVD), supports the existence of iterative iambic footing in Québec French. We report on a judgement task with auditorily-presented stimuli in which native speakers judged whether words with and without HVD sounded natural. The results show that (i) HVD is preferred in even-numbered syllables from the right word edge, (ii) HVD is preferred when the resulting consonantal cluster mirrors an ill-formed branching onset, and (iii) although non-deletion is overall preferred to deletion, deletion is preferred in one context: when the target vowel is at a suffix boundary and in foot-dependent positions. 

scholarly journals Tense, Aspect and Negation (TAN) in Ìgáṣí

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Jèlílì Adéwálé Adéoyè
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Descriptive Account ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship

Studies that are available on Ìgás̩í have only classified the speech form as one of the speech forms under the Ako̩ko̩id language cluster but none has examined tense, aspect and negation in the speech form. The present study provides a descriptive account of tense, aspect and negation in the speech form. It maintains that tense in Ìgáṣí polarises future and non-future. It establishes, among other things, that the speech form uses the pre-verbal particle á to mark its future tense and demonstrates that aspects in the speech form are divided into perfect and imperfect. The study also claims that Ìgáṣí has three basic negative morphemes which are kpa, sẹ and àgẹ̀ and shows that the future tense, perfect and habitual aspects have overt morphemes that reflect their presence in negative sentences. It is further claimed that àgẹ̀ which is divisible into nominal prefix (à) and negator (gè̩) functions as the lexical negator in the speech form. Data in this study were obtained from native speakers of Ìgás̩í through oral interviews and their responses were recorded. It is hoped that this study, throws more light on the relationship among the functional categories (tense, aspect and negation) in Ìgás̩í speech form and document its syntax for posterity as nothing has been in that category.

Subcultural Adaptations to Incarceration

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Crewe ◽  
Ben Laws
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Alternative Framework ◽  
Descriptive Account ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Way

This essay discusses the evolution of the understanding of inmate subcultures in US prisons. It provides a selective description of historically and geographically specific “models” of inmate subcultures, both to highlight the range of social and subcultural arrangements in prisons and to explain why such variation exists and what questions should be asked of any descriptive account of the prisoner social world. Emphasis is placed on the heterogeneity of institutional forms and the subcultures that exist within them. How subcultures are shaped by broader institutional aims, conditions, and practices is discussed with comparisons of prisons in Great Britain and the United States. An alternative framework through which to think about inmate subcultures is needed, whose starting point is the way that any institution deals with the issues of power, order, and governance that are essential to all prisons and set the conditions for prisoners‘ adaptations and social practices.

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