Mantis shrimps Rissoides desmaresti in Tremadog Bay, North Wales

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Ramsay ◽  
Rohan H.F. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Burrow Entrance ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Sandy Sediments ◽  
Burrow Morphology

In 1999 divers discovered a population of the burrowing mantis shrimp Rissoides (Meiosquilla) desmaresti (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) east of the St Tudwal's Islands, North Wales. This species has only sporadically been recorded in UK waters and commonly occurs in the Mediterranean. In summer 2000 the burrow morphology and distribution of these shrimps in the area east of the St Tudwal's Islands was investigated. Burrows were found at ten of the 15 sites investigated in a survey area measuring ∼18 km2. Burrow density varied from one to 11 burrows per 100 m2. The burrows were always recorded in sediments consisting of a mixture of mud, sand and gravel but were not present at sites with a high proportion of mud (>70%) or sandy sediments with very little mud ([les ]2%). Resin casts of six burrows revealed that these have a simple elongated U-shape, with an average length of ∼450 mm and depth of ∼160 mm. The average diameter of the burrow entrance was 19±2 mm and the diameter of the burrow along the horizontal section varied between 18 and 38 mm with a distinct constriction part way along.

Age Wise Internal Morphometrical Studies on the Heart of Pre-natal Non-descript Sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Sahu ◽  
U.K. Mishra ◽  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
S.M. Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Internal Parameters ◽  
Measuring Cylinder ◽  
Central Organ

Background: Heart is the central organ of circulatory system that pumps blood into the blood vessels and performs many vital functions. Its development before birth must be studied to safeguard the animal from the occurrence and consequences of various developmental anomalies. The detailed morphometry of different internal parameters of heart especially in pre-natal sheep has not yet been reported. Methods: The foeti of sheep were divided into two age groups viz. mid prenatal (51-100 days) and late prenatal (101 to 150 days) with fifteen animals in each age group. The various internal parameters were recorded by using digital weighing machine, graduated measuring cylinder, digital Vernier’s calliper, non-stretchable nylon thread and graduated scale. The data recorded was statistically analysed by independent t test with IBM SPSS 25.0 version software. Result: The average thickness of left ventricular wall of heart was measured as 2.85±0.15mm and 4.28±0.07mm in mid prenatal and late prenatal stages respectively with significant (p£0.01) differences between the ages. Similarly, the average diameter of left atrio-ventricular opening of heart was measured as 2.06±0.27mm and 6.08±0.36mm in mid prenatal and late prenatal stages respectively with significant (p£0.01) differences between the ages. The average length of septal papillary muscle in right ventricle was measured as 1.12±0.10mm and 3.29±0.21mm in mid prenatal and late prenatal stages respectively with significant (p£0.01) differences between the ages. Further, the average length of moderator band in heart was measured as 1.45±0.11mm and 4.34±0.23mm in mid prenatal and late prenatal stages respectively with significant (p£0.01) differences between the ages. Similarly, the average length of chordae tendinae in right ventricle of heart was measured as 0.97±0.09mm and 3.50±0.34mm in mid prenatal and late prenatal stages respectively with significant (p£0.01) differences between the ages. 

scholarly journals Silicon Nanowires: Growth Studies Using Pulsed PECVD

2007 ◽  
Vol 989 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Parlevliet ◽  
John C.L. Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nanowires ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Gold Catalyst ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Copper Indium ◽  
Gold Silver

AbstractSilicon nanowires with high aspect ratios have been grown at high density using a variation of Plasma Enhanced Chemical Deposition (PECVD) known as Pulsed PECVD (PPECVD). Growth rate and morphology were investigated for a range of catalysts: gold, silver, aluminum, copper, indium and tin. The thickness of the catalyst layer was 100nm. Deposition was carried out in a parallel plate PECVD chamber at substrate temperatures up to 350°C, from undiluted semiconductor grade Silane. A 1 kHz square wave was used to modulate the 13.56 MHz RF power. Samples were analyzed using either a Phillips XL20 SEM or a ZEISS 1555 VP FESEM. The average diameter for nanowires grown using a gold catalyst layer was 150nm and the average length was 4μm although some nanowires were observed with lengths up to 20μm. Back-scattered-electron images clearly show gold present at the tips of the silicon nanowires grown using gold as a catalyst, confirming their growth by the vapor liquid solid (VLS) mechanism. Sporadic growth of nanowires was detected when using copper as a catalyst. Although gold performed best as catalyst for nanowire growth it was, however, closely followed by tin. The other catalysts produced nanowires with properties between these extremes.

Electroless Deposition of Silver Nanowires Using Waste Ethylene Glycol for Highly Transparent Flexible Conducting Electrodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
Nathaniel de Guzman ◽  
Mary Donnabelle L. Balela
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Transparent Conductive Electrode ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Excellent Stability

High aspect ratio silver nanowires (AgNWs) with an average length of 40 μm and average diameter of 88 nm were successfully synthesized using waste ethylene glycol as solvent and reducing agent. Silver nanowires with an average length and diameter of 32 μm and 122 nm, were produced after the third cycle of being reused. A transparent conducting film with a sheet resistance of 69 Ω/sq and optical transmittance of 91% was fabricated by Meyer rod coating an ink formulation of AgNWs dispersed in hydroxyethyl celullose (HEC)/methanol/deionized water. The low resistance of the AgNW networks was maintained even after 1000 bending cycles due to HEC acting as binder for the nanowires. The AgNWHEC transparent conductive electrode performed better than bare AgNWs and indium tin oxide (ITO) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate after several bending cycles. The AgNW-HEC electrode also showed excellent stability against corrosion.

Morphometry of cat pulmonary venous tree

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Yen ◽  
F. Y. Zhuang ◽  
Y. C. Fung ◽  
H. H. Ho ◽  
H. Tremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Vascular Tree ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
Number Of Branches

Morphometric data of the pulmonary veins in the cat right lung are presented. Silicone elastomer casts of the right lungs of five cats were made, measured, counted, and analyzed. The Strahler system is used to describe the branching pattern of the vascular tree. These data are needed for the physicomathematical approach to pulmonary circulation. For all the pulmonary blood vessels lying between the left atrium and the capillary beds, there are a total of 10 orders of vessels in the right upper lobe, 9 orders of vessels in the right middle lobe, and 11 orders of vessels in the right lower lobe. The ratios of the diameters, lengths, and the number of branches in successive orders of vessels are called the diameter, length, and branching ratios, respectively. For the cat pulmonary venous tree, the average branching ratio is 3.521, the average diameter ratio is 1.727, and the average length ratio is 2.402 for vessels of orders 1-3 and 1.532 for vessels of orders 4-10.

Highly Porous Hydroxyapatite Ceramics for Engineering Applicatios

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Ivankovic ◽  
Sebastijan Orlic ◽  
Dajana Kranzelic ◽  
Emilija Tkalcec
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Ceramics ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Hydrothermal Transformation ◽  
Highly Porous

Highly porous hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA) was prepared through hydrothermal (HT) transformation of aragonitic cuttlefish bones (Seppia Officinalis L. Adriatic Sea) in the temperature range from 140°C to 220°C for 20 minutes to 48 hours. Mechanism of hydrothermal transformation of bones was investigated by DTA/TG analyzer coupled online with FTIR spectrometric gas cell equipment (DTA-TG-EGA-FTIR analysis), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DTA-TG-EGA-FTIR analysis have shown the release of CO2 at about 400°C, 680°C and 990°C. The first release could be attributed to organics not completely removed from the heat treated bones, and the second release to decomposition of unconverted aragonite, whereas, the third one could be attributed to CO3 2– groups incorporated in the structure of HA. The interconnecting porous morphology of the starting material (aragonite) was maintained during the HT treatment. The formation of dandelion-like HA spheres with diameter from 3 to 8 μm were observed, which further transformed into nanoplates and nanorods with an average diameter of about 200-300 nm and an average length of about 8-10 μm.

Effect of Electroless Copper on the Growth of ZnO Nanowires

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2348-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ting Chiou ◽  
Wan-Yu Wu ◽  
Jyh-Ming Ting
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Sputter Deposition ◽  
Zno Nanowires ◽  
Zno Thin Films ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Reactive Sputter Deposition ◽  
Electroless Copper

ZnO nanowires along with ZnO thin films were obtained on copper-metallized silicon substrates using an radio frequency-reactive sputter-deposition technique. Residual tensile stresses were found in both the copper layer and the ZnO layer. The ZnO nanowires were observed exclusively at the grain boundaries of the ZnO thin films. The average diameter of ZnO nanowires varies only slightly with the ZnO deposition time, while the average length increases linearly with the ZnO deposition time. Based on the observations a growth model involving stress-assisted diffusion of copper and reaction-controlled catalytic growth of ZnO nanowires is suggested.

Reproductive characteristics of Calyptogena gallardoi (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) from a methane seep area off Concepción, Chile

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena Parra ◽  
Javier Sellanes ◽  
Enrique Dupré ◽  
Elena Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Receptacle ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Mature Oocyte ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Methane Seep ◽  
Genital Opening ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Gonadal Structure

Calyptogena gallardoi is a vesicomyid bivalve inhabiting a methane seep area located at a depth of 740–870 m off the Bay of Concepción, Chile. Vesicomyids host chemoautotrophic sulphide-oxidizing endosymbiont bacteria and are always found associated to reducing environments. In this study, the gonadal structure and the gametes produced by C. gallardoi are described. Light microscopy is used to examine serial histological sections of the gonads, and scanning electron microscopy is used to visualize the external morphology of gametes. The gonads of both males and females are organized in ramified tubular acini. In males, mature sperm are stored near genital openings in acini lined with a secretor epithelium that resembles a seminal receptacle. Spermatozoids have bullet-like heads with an average length of 30.3±2.6 μm (mean±1 SD). In females, the mature oocytes are driven toward the genital opening through evacuator conduits lined by ‘paddle’ cilia. The average diameter of oogonias is 11.6±2.5 μm and that of mature oocytes is 273.8±23.1 μm, making the size of the mature oocyte among the largest reported for bivalves. In addition, C. gallardoi is shown to have external sexual dimorphism. Shells of males are significantly smaller and more elongated with sloping postero-dorsal margin compared with shells of females. The data are discussed in the context of available information on reproductive biology of vesicomyids.

TiNb2O7 nanorods as a novel anode material for secondary lithium-ion batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (06) ◽  
pp. 1642004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Hu ◽  
Chunfu Lin ◽  
Changhao Wang ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Jianbao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Text Type

TiNb2O7 nanorods have been successfully fabricated by a sol–gel method with a sodium dodecyl surfate (SDS) surfactant. X-ray diffraction indicates that the TiNb2O7 nanorods have a Ti2Nb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]-type crystal structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that the nanorods have an average diameter of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]100[Formula: see text]nm and an average length of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]300[Formula: see text]nm. As a result of such nanosizing effect, this new material exhibits advanced electrochemical performances in terms of specific capacity, rate capability and cyclic stability. At 0.1[Formula: see text]C, it delivers a large first-cycle discharge/charge capacity of 337/279 mAh g[Formula: see text]. Its capacities remain 248, 233, 214, 182, 154 and 122[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] at 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20[Formula: see text]C, respectively. After 100 cycles, its capacity at 10[Formula: see text]C remains 140[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] with large capacity retention of 91.0%.

scholarly journals Preparation of Silver Nanostructures from Bicontinuous Microemulsions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Pedroza-Toscano ◽  
M. Rabelero-Velasco ◽  
R. Díaz de León ◽  
H. Saade ◽  
R. G. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Sodium Dodecylsulfate ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Silver Nanostructures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reverse Microemulsions

Precipitation of silver nanoparticles at 70°C was carried out by dosing a 1.3 M sodium borohydride aqueous solution over bicontinuous microemulsions formed with a mixture of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as surfactants, a 0.5 M silver nitrate aqueous solution, and toluene. Weight ratios of 2.5/1 and 3/1 AOT/SDS were used in the precipitation reactions. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. A mixture of isolated spheroidal nanoparticles (≈15 wt.%) with an average diameter around 10 nm and wormlike structures (≈85 wt.%) with an average length close to 480 nm and an average diameter ca. 40 nm was obtained, regardless of the AOT/SDS ratio. Higher yields were obtained compared with those reported when reverse microemulsions were employed. Formation of wormlike structures was ascribed to one-dimensional aggregation of crystal and particles within the channels of bicontinuous microemulsions, which performed as templates.

Surgical Anatomy of Nasolacrimal Duct and Sac in Human Cadavers

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulika Gupta ◽  
Suhalika S Sahni ◽  
Ruchi Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Lacrimal Sac ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Background Surgical importance of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) for both otolaryngologists and ophthalmologists cannot be overemphasized. Injury to this structure can lead to iatrogenic epiphora, synechiae formation and need for secondary lacrimal diversion procedures. Materials and methods The present study was conducted on 27 mid-sagittal sections of head and neck of formalin fixed adult cadavers. The inferior opening of the NLD was identified and exposed. The duct and the lacrimal sac were dissected. Pertinent distances of the inferior opening of the NLD from the easily identifiable surgical landmarks were recorded, so as to accurately locate the inferior opening of the duct using a digital vernier calliper (accuracy 0.02 mm, Mitutoya, Japan). Various dimensions and angulation of the duct and lacrimal sac were measured. Results The average length of NLD was 11.42 ± 2.45 mm and it was making an angle of 20° with the vertical plane. The duct was narrowest in caliber in its upper 1/3rd in majority (82%) of the cases. The average diameter of the inferior opening of the NLD was 3.14 mm. In two cases (7.4%), the opening was only 1.8 mm wide. The mean distance of the inferior opening of the duct was 20.7 mm from the columella, 25.5 mm below the skull base and 16.5 mm above the hard palate. The average distance between the inferior opening of the NLD and anterior end of the inferior turbinate was 14.8 mm. The mean A-P diameter of superior opening of NLD was about 3 mm. The average length and width of nasolacrimal sac at its center was 6.95 and 3.24 mm respectively. Conclusion Detailed anatomical knowledge of the NLD is of great importance for safe and successful endonasal surgery. The present study attempts to provide useful surgical guidelines by using anatomic and positional relationships between the NLD and the major surrounding landmarks. How to cite this article Sahni SS, Goyal R, Gupta T, Gupta AK. Surgical Anatomy of Nasolacrimal Duct and Sac in Human Cadavers. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(3):91-95.

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