A population-based study of inter-generational attitudes towards consanguineous marriages in north-eastern Brazil

AbstractThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate beliefs, attitudes and reproductive behaviours in relation to consanguinity in a population living in the backlands of north-eastern Brazil. Data were collected by face-to-face interview from 147 high school students aged 13–20 years and from 532 elderly individuals aged 60 years and over from Brejo dos Santos in the state of Paraíba in 2017. The frequency of consanguineous marriage was found to have increased over the generations, being 15.9% in the parents of the elderly participants, 17.1% in the elderly participants themselves and 20.5% in their descendants. Although 258 (50.9%) of the elderly interviewees opposed consanguineous union, 341 (65.3%) would approve of the marriage of their children with relatives. Both the young (n=108 or 78.3%) and elderly (n=398 or 80.4%) interviewees believed that consanguineous marriages were no more durable than non-consanguineous marriages (p=0.578). Additionally, 408 (82.4%) of the elderly individuals and 108 (80.6%) of the students recognized that spouses in consanguineous unions experience conflicts, just like other couples do (p=0.625). In both groups, the majority of the participants did not believe that consanguinity increased the risk of having children with disabilities. The regression of the two continuous variables ‘age’ and ‘positive attitudes score’ showed a significant correlation, suggesting that younger individuals are more susceptible to the influence of cultural factors contributing to consanguinity, such as the opinions of their parents and grandparents. The belief that consanguineous unions are more durable showed a significant difference between elderly individuals in consanguineous and non-consanguineous unions (p=0.001); the former were 2.42 more likely to believe that marriages between relatives contributes to marriage durability.

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A Survey on Wellness and Its Predictors Amongst Fiji High School Students

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.671197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Latileta Odrovakavula ◽

Masoud Mohammadnezhad ◽

Sabiha Khan

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Family Income ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Adolescent Wellness

Background: Adolescent population face a number of health concerns which calls for objective and comprehensive assessment of their wellness during their critical development phase. This study aimed to determine adolescent wellness and its predictors amongst adolescents in secondary schools in Fiji.Methods: This quantitative cross sectional study was conducted in four purposively selected schools in Suva and the greater Suva area, Fiji, between August and September, 2019. Students of Fijian nationality, enrolled into years 11-13 in the selected schools were purposively selected. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on four dimensions of wellness including physical, emotional, social, and spiritual. Spearman's Rho correlation was conducted to test for associations. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were applied to analyze the data by the SPSS software version 25. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 350 students participated in the study. Mean raw scores for wellness dimensions were as follows: physical = 51 (out of 60), psychological = 63 (out of 80), social = 42 (out of 50), and spiritual = 34 (out of 40). For overall wellness, two significant differences were observed: students of Fijian Itaukei descent (193.68 ± 14.2) and participants with a family income of $40,000-50,000 (199.08 ± 12.60) (p = 0.04) had a higher overall wellness score. There were three significant differences observed for psychological wellness dimension; Fijians of Indian descent (64.68 ± 9.30), participants enrolled into year 13 (64.68 ± 9.30) and those with a family income of $40,000-50,000 had higher psychological score. For social wellness, a significant difference was observed: Itaukei participants had higher scores (43.34 ± 4.42) when compared to other ethnic groups (p < 0.05). In terms of spiritual wellness, a significant difference was observed for ethnicity: Itaukei participants had a higher mean score (35.59 ± 4.26) when compared to other ethnic groups (p < 0.05). Strong correlations were observed for all dimensions of wellness.Conclusions: Findings of this study highlighted different factors affecting adolescents' wellness in Fiji. It is recommended that health education and awareness program be carried out for developing adolescent wellness by considering these factors. It is also recommended that parental and family support are provided to adolescents.

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PENGARUH AKTIVITAS MELIHAT DEKAT TERHADAP TAJAM PENGLIHATAN PADA MURID SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA DI KECAMATAN JATINANGOR

JURNAL ILMU FAAL OLAHRAGA INDONESIA ◽

10.51671/jifo.v3i1.89 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Raisha Pratiwi Indrawati ◽

Reni Farenia ◽

Mayasari Wahyu Kuntorini

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

High School Students ◽

Junior High School ◽

Junior High School Students ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Work Activity ◽

Work Activities ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Near Work

Near work activity was estimates as risk factor of refractive error. This study aimed to analyze the association between near work activity and visucal acuity in junior high school students in Jatinangor. This study used cross-sectional method. Total of 147 subjects were screened for visual impairment and assessed for near work activities. Result showed total diopter-hours and time spent for each near work activity was less in group with visual acuity ≥ 6/18 than < 6/18 with no significant difference, except for playing games (p=0.018). In conclusion, near work activity does not have impact on visual acuity, except for playing games.

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Keefektifan Konseling Kelompok Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Tembang Macapat Sinom untuk Meningkatkan Resiliensi Generasi Milenial

Counsellia Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling ◽

10.25273/counsellia.v11i2.9923 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Mahmuddah Dewi Edmawati

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Academic Dishonesty ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Vocational High School ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

School Students ◽

Good Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

<div><p><strong>Abstrak.</strong> <span lang="EN-US">Resiliensi merupakan kemampuan yang penting untuk dimiliki remaja, dikarenakan tanpa adanya resiliensi maka remaja akan kesulitan dalam menjalani hidup yang berakibat tidak bisa mengaktualisasikan diri, prestasi diri tidak optimal dan cenderung menjadi pribadi yang pesimistis bahkan dapat menderita depresi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan resiliensi generasi Z melalui konseling kelompok berbasis Kearifan Lokal Tembang Macapat Sinom. Tembang macapat sinom berasal dari Jawa Tengah yang kaya akan falsafah kehidupan yaitu menjalani masa muda dengan penuh semangat, tegar, sabar dan pantang menyerah dalam menuntut ilmu, berkarya dan menjalani kehidupan. Pelaksanaan kegiatan konseling kelompok mendukung adanya perubahan resiliensi siswa yang rendah menjadi lebih tinggi yang ditandai dengan penerimaan dan adaptasi diri saat dihadapkan dengan tekanan dari dalam diri individu maupun dari luar diri individu. Adanya dinamika kelompok mendukung adanya perubahan anggota kelompok karena adanya kesempatan saling bertukar pikiran, berdiskusi, saling memotivasi dan saling membantu dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis pendekatan metode <em>pre-experimental design</em> dengan menggunakan <em>one group pretest-posttest</em> <em>design</em>. Subyek penelitian adalah remaja Jawa berusia 15-20 tahun yang sesuai dengan kriteria tahap perkembangan remaja (gen Z) yang ditetapkan sesuai fokus penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian wilcoxon diperoleh hasil Z hitung sebesar sebesar -2,807 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0,022 yang artinya konseling kelompok berbasis kearifan lokal tembang macapat sinom efektif untuk meningkatkan resiliensi generasi Z.</span></p></div><p><strong>Abstract</strong>. <em><span lang="EN-US">Academic dishonestyis behavior deviating from academic rules carried out by students at various levels of education to get good test results or recognition of their academic assignments by cheating, plagiarism, cooperating in exam fraud, or falsifying data. This article aims to explore and determine the level of student academic dishonestyduring the Covid-19 pandemic seen from differences in gender, grade level and age. The research method used is a survey with a type of cross sectional survey design involving 493 vocational high school students who were selected using cluster sampling technique.. The research data collection instrument uses an academic dishonestyscale. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, t-test and Anova test. The results of the study prove that vocational high school students have a level of academic dishonestyin the medium category. Furthermore, this study found that seen from the gender differences, male students had a higher level of academic dishonestythan female students. The same thing also happens when viewed from each indicator of academic dishonesty. In terms of class differences and age differences, it shows that there is no significant difference between grade 10 and grade 12 students and students aged 15, 16, 17, 18 in the level of academic dishonesty. Further discussion is discussed in this article.</span></em></p>

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Sexual Knowledge among High School Students in Northwestern Iran

ISRN Pediatrics ◽

10.5402/2012/645103 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ayyoub Malek ◽

Ali Reza Shafiee-Kandjani ◽

Abdolrasool Safaiyan ◽

Hamid Abbasi-Shokoohi

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sexual Knowledge ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Randomized Sampling ◽

Parental Concerns ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Adolescence Period

Objectives. Regarding the importance of sexual desire in adolescence period and public and parental concerns about it and considering the lack of studies on sexual knowledge especially in adolescents in Iran, this study was conducted to evaluate the sexual issues in high school girls and boys. Patients and Methods. The cross-sectional study was performed on 2700 high school students. Students were selected through a multi-staged randomized sampling method in Tabriz and by the convenience method in Ardabil and Urmia. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including knowledge questions and measured by a three-point scale. Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS version 11.5 software. Results. 11.8% of the students had a low sexual knowledge, 46.7% had average and 41.5% had a high one. There was no significant difference between male and female students' general sexual knowledge. The highest knowledge was about being aware of the religious rules concerning sex. Conclusion. Adolescents should be trained and acquire information about the different aspects of sexual issues. Female adolescents especially need to be educated about puberty physiology, fertility physiology and STDs.

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Comparison of Knowledge and Attitude Towards Orthodontic Treatment Among High School Students

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v9i2.28418 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 61-65

Author(s):

Jyoti Dhakal ◽

Manish Shrestha ◽

Meenu Shrestha ◽

Asal Acharya

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Oral Health ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Attitude Score ◽

Self Awareness ◽

School Students ◽

Government Schools ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Introduction: Adolescence is the time when a person attains awareness including the self-awareness about his/her health. Hence if proper knowledge is instilled during this time, it will be effective and good oral health behavior can last lifetime. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude towards orthodontic treatment among the students of public and private schools and compare between them. Materials & Method: A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed among 700 students (350 from private and 350 from government schools around Kathmandu valley) of grade 8-10. Questionnaire consisted of 14 questions about knowledge and 10 questions about attitude relating to orthodontic treatment. Each response as “yes” was given score ‘1’ and responses “no” and “don’t know” were given score ‘0’. Total score was calculated, followed by mean and compared between that of private and government schools and between genders. Result: No significant difference was found in the knowledge between the students of private and government schools. The difference in attitude score was found to be statistically significant (p=0.00). 54.29% of participants had never heard of an orthodontists, 48.57% never thought that crooked teeth have ill effects, and around 50% of participants were not aware that orthodontic treatment would improve the facial appearance. 47% of participants would not undergo treatment if it took 1-2 years, 53% would not agree for extractions and 42% were not willing to wear retainers. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude level on orthodontics can be improved by incorporating the basic aspects of oral health in the syllabus of school education.

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Factores de riesgo para Síndrome Metabólico en adolescentes de nivel secundaria y bachillerato

Revista CuidArte ◽

10.22201/fesi.23958979e.2013.2.4.69071 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

María Juana Castillo Arreguín ◽

Ruth Barroso Muñoz ◽

Javier Alonso Trujillo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

High School Students ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Abdominal Perimeter ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Factores De Riesgo

<div>Resumen </div><div>Introducción: Actualmente la prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico (SM) en los adolescentes mexicanos va en incremento, y los criterios para su diagnóstico aún son heterogéneos. El SM tiene la capacidad de predecir riesgos vinculados a la diabetes y las enfermedades cardiovasculares.</div><div>Objetivo: Comparar la prevalencia de SM en adolescentes que estudian en dos planteles educativos y ponderar los factores de riesgo en cada caso. Metodología: Estudio transversal comparativo y analítico, llevado a cabo en 67 adolescentes de 14-18 años de edad, procedentes del CBTis No.227 (n=32) y la secundaria No.96 (n=35), seleccionados de manera aleatoria. Se realizaron mediciones clínicas, antropométricas, nivel de sedentarismo y adictivas. Se asumió el criterio ATP III para diagnosticar SM. Se aplicó X2. Nivel α ≤ 0.05. Resultados: La prevalencia de SM en CBTis fue 6% y en la Secundaria fue 23%. En los alumnos del CBTis los factores de riesgo que se asociaron  significativamente con SM fueron; Hipertensión arterial,  Hipertrigliceridemia, Perímetro abdominal y Sobrepeso/Obesidad. En los alumnos de secundaria fueron Hipertrigliceridemia, Perímetro abdominal, Sobrepeso/Obesidad y en el límite, el Sedentarismo (p = 0.058). Discusión: Se encontró una diferencia significativa en SM, Bajo nivel de HDLc y sedentarismo entre ambos planteles, probablemente se deba a la alimentación y actividad física específicamente. Conclusión: La prevalencia de SM fue relativamente baja en ambos grupos escolares. Epidemiológicamente no se considera riesgo a los factores evaluados ya que se presentaron pocos casos de SM, sin embargo, los casos del CBTis, presentaron hipertensión arterial, hipertrigliceridemia, perímetro abdominal, sobrepeso/obesidad, sedentarismo, alcoholismo y tabaquismo.</div><div><br /></div><div>Palabras clave: Síndrome metabólico, adolescentes, sedentarismo, alcoholismo y tabaquismo.</div><div><br /></div><div>Abstract </div><div>Introduction: Currently the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among Mexican adolescents is on the increase, and the criteria for diagnosis are still heterogeneous. MS has the ability to predict risks associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. </div><div>Objective: To compare the prevalence of MS in teenagers studying at two schools, weighing the risk factors in each case. </div><div>Methodology: Cross-sectional study comparative and analytical, conducted 67 adolescents 14-18 years of age, from the CBTis No.227 (n = 32) and the secondary No.96 (n = 35), selected randomly. They were measured clinical, anthropometric, level of sedentary and addictive. It took the ATP III criteria to diagnose MS. Applied X 2. Level α ≤ 0.05. </div><div>Results: The prevalence of MS in CBTis was 6% and in the secondary was 23%. Risk factors significantly associated with MS CBTis students were; Arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal perimeter and Overweight/obesity. High school students were hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal perimeter, Overweight/obesity and on the edge, the sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.058). </div><div>Discussion: Found a significant difference in MS, low-level HDLc and sedentary lifestyle between both campuses, probably due to food and physical activity specifically. </div><div>Conclusion: The prevalence of MS was relatively low in both school groups. Epidemiologically not considered risk factors evaluated since few cases of MS, however, arose the CBTis cases, had hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal perimeter, Overweight/obesity, sedentary lifestyle, alcoholism and smoking.</div><div><br /></div><div>Key words: Metabolic Syndrome, Adolescents, Sedentary Lifestyle, Alcoholism and Smoking.</div><div><br /></div>

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Perceptions toward Considering Nursing as A Career Choice among Secondary School Students

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jki.v23i3.1090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 194-201

Author(s):

Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan ◽

Nurul Syafiqah Jusoh ◽

Siti Hazariah Abdul Hamid ◽

Mohd Said Nurumal

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Secondary School ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Convenience Sampling ◽

Nursing Career ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Demand for a nursing career in Malaysia has increased, although it has not been a popular course of choice among students. Understanding the perceptions of students about nursing may help identify any misconception toward the profession and their consideration to choose nursing as a career. This study aimed to identify the perceptions of secondary school students about nursing and their potential interest in joining a nursing career. A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted among 155 students by administering a High School Students Self-Administered Questionnaire from three selected secondary schools in Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia. Overall, the respondents positively perceived the nursing profession, although several parts were viewed negatively. Despite having a positive notion about nursing, only 18.1% of the respondents were interested to select nursing as their career and a majority of them were women. In conclusion, no significant difference in perceptions about nursing and consideration to choose nursing as a career was found. Nevertheless, the image of nurses and a nursing career need to be improved in the eye of students and societies. In addition, the students were not aware of the benefits of nursing with several misconceptions of genders and doctor’s aid. Overall, the status of nursing in Malaysia should be enhanced to make it a valuable career. Abstrak Persepsi terhadap Mempertimbangkan Keperawatan sebagai Pilihan Karir di antara Siswa Sekolah Sekunder. Permintaan untuk karir keperawatan di Malaysia mengalami peningkatan, meskipun belum menjadi pilihan populer di kalangan siswa. Pemahaman mengenai persepsi siswa tentang keperawatan dapat membantu mengidentifikasi kesalahpahaman terhadap profesi dan pertimbangan mereka untuk memilih keperawatan sebagai karier. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi siswa sekolah menengah tentang keperawatan dan potensi minat mereka untuk memilih karir keperawatan. Sebuah studi cross-sectional menggunakan convenience sampling dilakukan pada 155 siswa dengan High School Students Self-Administered Questionnaire dari tiga sekolah menengah di Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia. Secara keseluruhan, responden memandang positif profesi keperawatan, namun beberapa bagian dipandang negatif. Meskipun memiliki gagasan positif tentang keperawatan, hanya 18,1% dari responden tertarik untuk memilih keperawatan sebagai karir mereka dan mayoritas dari mereka adalah perempuan. Kesimpulannya, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dalam persepsi tentang keperawatan dan pertimbangan untuk memilih keperawatan sebagai karier. Namun demikian, citra perawat dan karier keperawatan perlu ditingkatkan di mata siswa dan masyarakat. Selain itu, siswa tidak menyadari manfaat keperawatan dengan beberapa kesalahpahaman tentang gender dan bantuan dokter. Secara keseluruhan, status keperawatan di Malaysia harus ditingkatkan untuk menjadikannya karier yang berharga. Kata Kunci: karier, keperawatan, persepsi, pilihan, sekolah menengah, siswa

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PENGARUH AKTIVITAS MELIHAT DEKAT TERHADAP TAJAM PENGLIHATAN PADA MURID SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA DI KECAMATAN JATINANGOR

JURNAL ILMU FAAL OLAHRAGA INDONESIA ◽

10.51671/jifo.v1i2.54 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Raisha Pratiwi Indrawati ◽

Reni Farenia ◽

Mayasari Wahyu Kuntorini

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

High School Students ◽

Junior High School ◽

Junior High School Students ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Work Activity ◽

Work Activities ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Near Work

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Prevalence of Color Vision Deficiency among Students in Hajand and Amad High Schools in Shekhan City

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research ◽

10.24017/science.2017.2.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 84-88

Author(s):

Masood Abdulkareem Abdulrahman

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

High Schools ◽

Color Vision ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Color Vision Deficiency ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Age Range

Color vision deficiency is a condition affecting human's ability to see or recognize specific colors. It is mostly genetic, X-linked recessive inheritance and thus, is more common among males than females. This cross sectional study was done to find the prevalence of color vision deficiency among high school students in Shekhan city and to find the relation of color vision deficiency with different races. The study has been conducted in two high schools that were present inside Shekhan city at the time of the study (Amad high school for males and Hajand high school for females). All students screened by using Ishihara 24 plates.640 students (283 males, 357 females) were screened. Students' age range (15-22 years), the Mean age for males17.50 years and for females 17.13 years. The prevalence of Color Vision Deficiency was 6.36% among males and 0.84% among females. The most common types of Color Vision Deficiency among males were deuteranomaly (10cases),protanomaly (5 cases), deuteranopia (2 cases) and protanopia (1 case). There was no significant difference between races and color vision deficiency. Similar to dyslexia, before it was well known and well understood, color vision deficiency is aninvisible disability and can lead to students becoming disappointment with learning or feeling that they are moronic or less cable than others. It can provide erroneous rules for learning and indeed, even influence how well they do in their exams and consecutively their choice of career.

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Age Differences in Self-Liking in Japan: The Developmental Trajectory of Self-Esteem from Elementary School to Old Age

Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science ◽

10.5178/lebs.2016.48 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 33-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yuji Ogihara

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

High School Students ◽

Elementary School Students ◽

Old Age ◽

Age Differences ◽

The Elderly ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Developmental Trajectory ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional

The present research examined age differences in self-liking (an important component of self-esteem) across a broad range of the population in Japan, from elementary school students to the elderly. Previous research in the U.S. has shown that self-esteem levels in childhood are high, decline during adolescence, rise gradually in adulthood and drop in old age. However, it was unclear whether this pattern holds for other cultures. As self-esteem is significantly affected by culture, it is important to reveal its developmental trajectory not only in European American cultures, but also in other cultures. Therefore, the current research analyzed a large, highly representative cross-sectional dataset from Japan. Results showed that levels of self-liking were high for elementary school students, declined among middle school and high school students, and rose gradually among adults, replicating the developmental trajectory of self-esteem found in prior research.

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