scholarly journals Informality, Temporariness, and the Production of Illegitimate Geographies: The rise of a Muslim sub-city in Ahmedabad, India (1970s–2000s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
TOMMASO BOBBIO
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Housing Project ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Municipal Housing ◽  
Mega Cities

Abstract In recent debates in the field of urban studies, issues of informality, marginal settlements, and extreme poverty have often been analysed in relation to the dynamics that transformed spatial and social balances with respect to neo-liberal economic policies. The restructuring of spaces, infrastructure, and economies that marked the success of changing paradigms of urban planning since the 1990s has been widely seen to be responsible for the extensive marginalization of the most vulnerable strata of society. In order to understand the emergence of areas considered informal—or illegitimate—this article aims to question the very validity of categories such as ‘informality’ when applied to analysing the transition from medium-sized urban centres to ‘mega-cities’ (a label that, in itself, blindly recalls the allure of modernization, technology, and development).1 It does so by adopting a longer term perspective in analysing the evolution of a municipal housing project for the resettlement of slumdwellers in Ahmedabad, India, in 1978, which, in the span of four decades, turned into a substandard informal settlement and then into a ‘Muslim city’ called Juhapura. Widely known in India as the ‘biggest ghetto in South Asia’, this area is an observatory for reconsidering the significance of concepts such as informality, illegality, temporariness, and people's legitimacy as citizens.

Problems of Analysis of Design and Research Methods of Interaction with the Urban Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
П. В. Капустин ◽  
А. И. Гаврилов
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
Research And Design

Состояние проблемы. Проблематика городской среды заявила о себе в 1960-е годы как протест против модернистских методов урбанизма и других видов проектирования. Средовое движение не случайно тогда именовали «антипрофессиональным» - оно было направлено против устоявшихся и недейственных методов работы с городом - от исследования до управления. За прошедшие десятилетия в рамках самого средового движения и его идейных наследников наработано немало методов и приемов работы, однако они до сих не подвергались анализу как пребывающая в исторической динамике целостная совокупность инструментария, альтернативного традиционному градостроительству. Результаты. Рассмотрены особенности и проблемы анализа методологического «арсенала» средового движения и урбанистики. Методы работы с городской средой впервые структурированы по типам знания. Показана близость методов исследовательского и проектного подходов в отношении городской среды. Выводы. В ближайшее время можно ожидать появления новых синтетических знаний и частных методологий, связанных как с обострением средовой проблематики, с расширением круга средовых акторов, так и с процессом профессионализации урбанистики. Statement of the problem. The urban environment paradigm emerged in the 1960s as a protest against the modernist methods of urbanism and other types of design. It was no coincidence that the environmental movement was back then called "anti-professional" as it was directed against the established and ineffective methods of working with the city, i. e., from research to management. Over the past decades, within the framework of the environmental movement and its ideological heirs, a lot of methods and have been developed. However, they have not yet been analyzed as an integral set of tools in the historical dynamics which is an alternative to traditional urban planning. Results. The features and problems of the analysis of the methodological “arsenal” of environmental movement and urban studies are considered. The methods of working with the urban environment are first structured according to the types of knowledge. The proximity of research and design approaches in the case when the urban environment is dealt with is shown. Conclusions. In the nearest future, we can expect new synthetic knowledge and particular methodologies related to both the exacerbation of environmental problems to emerge as well as the expansion of the circle of environmental actors and the process of professionalization of urbanstics.

Urbanistic approach in analysis of residential complexes of Nur-Sultan city

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (80) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
А.А. Kornilova ◽  
◽  
С.E. Mamedov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
The Social

The article reveals the main points of criticism of architectural and urban planning solutions from representatives of urban studies. Based on the analysis of residential complexes, the sequence of their design is built from the social to the economic aspect, which shows the multifactorial nature of the architectural object.

scholarly journals Cien números de Cuadernos de Investigación Urbanística

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Departamento de Urbanística Y Ordenación del Territorio DUyOT
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Teaching Methodologies ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

ResumenEl presente número supone una edición especial conmemorativa por los cien números alcanzados por los Cuadernos de Investigación Urbanística – Ci[ur]. A lo largo de las siguientes páginas se recogen una serie de breves artículos en los que diferentes profesores del Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio de la ETSAM, reflexionan sobre el estado actual de los estudios urbanos y pasan revista a algunos de los principales hechos que han tenido lugar en este campo en los últimos veinte años cuando se inició la serie Ci[ur]. Se trata pues de una retrospectiva, no enfocada desde la nostalgia sino desde la ilusión y el ánimo de que este número suponga el pistoletazo de salida de, como mínimo, otros cien números más.Palabras claveEdición especial / retrospectiva estudios urbanos / planeamiento y enseñananza / Urbanismo y crisis / sostenibilidad / enseñanza del urbanismo / habitabilidad / rehabilitación urbana integral / complejidad urbana / burbuja inmobiliariaAbstractThe present paper constitutes a special issue for the one hundred numbers reached by Cuadernos de Investigación Urbanística - Ci[ur]. Throughout the following pages, different professors from the Deparment of Regional and Town Planning of ETSAM, review the current situation of urban studies, as well as the main events that have taken place during the last twenty years, just when Ci[ur], was published by the very first time. Therefore this is a restrospective, not made from nostalgia but from the enthusiasm and the hope of making this issue the kick-off for, at least, another one hundred new issues to come.KeywordsSpecial Issue / Urban Studies retrospective / Urban planning and teaching methodologies / Town Planning in time of crisis / sustainability / town planning teaching / Basic habitability / urban regeneration / urban complexity / economic bubble 

scholarly journals Poverty reduction in Mexico? case study for Quintana Roo 2010-2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 216-235
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Barrera Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Research Question ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
National Council ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Official Gazette ◽  
The Status

This paper evaluates the status of poverty in Quintana Roo, Mexico for the period 2010- 2016. The research question that supports this paper is whether the decrease in extreme poverty and poverty that the federal government of Enrique Peña Nieto asserted as real is actually an improvement in living and income conditions, or if said decrease takes place at based solely on the criteria with which poverty is defined and measured. To this end, cabinet work was carried out in two parts: The first was a review and analysis of the Guidelines and Criteria for the Definition, Identification and Measurement of Poverty that appear in the Official Gazette of the Federation; and the second in the analysis of the data on deprivation and income that the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL) and the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI) offer for 2010 2015 and 2010, 2012 , 2014 and 2016, respectively. Among the most important results, it can be mentioned that, in effect, the average shortfalls of the househo in Quintana Roo decreased, however, the income in 2016 remained in conditions similar to those of 2010, that is, the reduction of extreme poverty can be attribute only to state intervention through the creation of infrastructure and not the effectiveness of its economic policies.

Participation, Urban Planning, and Urban Studies

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-79
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Bacqué ◽  
Mario Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Studies

scholarly journals Inaugural Editorial of Urban Planning

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Luca D’Acci ◽  
Tigran Haas ◽  
Ronita Bardhan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Open Access Journal

<p>This editorial is the introductory piece of <em>Urban Planning</em>, a new international peer-reviewed open access journal of urban studies aimed at advancing understanding of and ideas about humankind’s habitats in order to promote progress and quality of life.</p>

Whose interest finally counts? The statutory production of urban space at the fringes of Dhaka, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Kirsten Hackenbroch
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Housing Project ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Public Resource ◽  
Public Resources

In this article, we build our theoretical arguments on an empirical account of a state-implemented housing project in the periphery of Dhaka. Thus, we elaborate on a set of bureaucratic acts, the existing power relations, and group interests that influence planning practices and condition people’s access to public resources. Analyzing the process of project implementation, we explain the various resources and strategies that those in relatively powerful positions activate in order to considerably influence planning practice and public resource distribution. We specifically analyze how the strategies and discourses employed to bring the project forward influence the emerging spatialities and issues of socio-spatial justice and inequality at Dhaka’s urban fringe. This article thus provides empirical evidence explaining the impossibility of rigid statutory planning. Finally, we reflect on what urban planning needs to acknowledge in order for positive change.

scholarly journals How Do Scholars Communicate the ‘Temporary Turn’ in Urban Studies? A Socio-Semiotic Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin A. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Citation Networks ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Interdisciplinarity broadens urban planning praxis and simultaneously deepens how urban research unfurls. Indeed, this breadth and depth diverges and converges the understanding of current and popular concepts such as temporary use (TU)—also recognized as short-term or temporally undefined use of space. Through a meta-research, or research about research approach employing socio-semiotics and bibliometric analyses for the first time in relation to TU, I clarify the increasing scholarly attention to urban interventions by asking: How are urban scholars communicating the TU discourse? A socio-semiotic framework helps unpack the production of meanings as well as symbols channeled through the scholarly institutionalization of TU. Supporting this, I use bibliometric analyses to explicate the production and reproduction of meaning through keywords and citation networks in research literature. This study illuminates epistemological activities and reflects on directions tied to our understanding and articulation of a potential ‘Temporary Turn’ in theory and practice.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Extreme Poverty in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmore Mahembe ◽  
Nicholas M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Poor People ◽  
World Population ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract This paper aims to analyses the trends and dynamics of extreme poverty in developing countries. The study attempts to answer one critical question: has the world achieved its number one Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of reducing extreme poverty by half by 2015? The methodology used in this study mainly involves a descriptive data analysis during the period 1981-2015. The study used the World Bank’s US$1.90 a day line (popularly known as $1 a day line) in 2011 prices to measure the level of absolute poverty. In order to analyze the dynamics of poverty across different regions, the study grouped countries into five regions: i) sub-Saharan Africa; ii) East Asia and the Pacific; iii) South Asia; iv) Europe and Central Asia; and v) Latin America and the Caribbean. The study found that in 1990, there were around 1.9 billion people living below US$1.90 a day (constituting 36.9 percent of the world population) and this number is estimated to have reduced to around 700 million people in 2015, with an estimated global poverty rate of 9.6 percent. The world met the MDG target in 2010, which is five years ahead of schedule. However, extreme poverty is becoming increasingly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA), where its depth and breadth remain a challenge. SSA remains the poorest region, with more than 35 percent of its citizens living on less than US$1.90 a day. Half of the world’s extremely poor people now live in SSA, and it is the only region which has not met its MDG target.

scholarly journals Beyond consensus and conflict in housing governance: Returning to the local state

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Ormerod ◽  
Gordon MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Participatory Planning ◽  
Local State ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Municipal Authority ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Political Narrative ◽  
History Of ◽  
Municipal Housing

This article contends that the de-politicizing tendencies in urban planning that are often interpreted through a post-political frame of analysis might alternatively be investigated via the analytical lens of a transforming local state. Examining the formation of entrepreneurial municipal housing strategies in Gateshead, northeast England, the article reveals a recent history of community consensus being manipulated, a technocratic steering of participatory planning and a de-amplifying of dissenting voices. Amid protracted conditions of austerity, the more recent strategy sees Gateshead municipal authority assuming an increasingly ‘promotional’ role, essentially as a housing developer. Placing critical decisions over housing futures within Gateshead Regeneration Partnership, a potentially rough road towards attaining democratic legitimacy is actively being smoothed. These are all trends that are emblematic of a post-political repertoire. However, a more forensic examination reveals how these anti-democratic processes might be more appropriately understood as political accomplishments on the part of those who have been newly incorporated into a local state in transition. The article thereby offers a conceptual antidote to the post-political narrative.

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