Thailand's First Revolution? The role of religious mobilization and ‘the people’ in the Ayutthaya rebellion of 1688

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Alan Strathern
Keyword(s):  
Political Agency ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modern Sense

Abstract In the 1680s, King Narai, ruler of the cosmopolitan kingdom of Ayutthaya, was the subject of competing French and Persian attempts to convert him to monotheism. These attempts were not only embarrassing failures; they also helped to precipitate a coup in 1688, in which Phetracha forcefully intervened to place himself on the throne and eject French influence from the realm. But to what extent did the execution of the coup depend on popular involvement? And what ideals and emotions seem to have animated this participation? After pondering the role of ethnicity and xenophobic sentiment, this article considers the construction of powerful discourses of Buddhist intellectual opposition to Christianity, the role of the sangha in the orchestration of the coup itself, and then considers in more detail the extent to which ‘the people’ demonstrated some kind of autonomous political agency. Lastly, it considers whether the events of the coup and its immediate aftermath were shaped by anti-Christian emotion. As a movement with conservative and restorative aims, 1688 was not a ‘revolution’ in the modern sense, but it may have ushered in an enlarged sense of popular investment in the legitimation of royal contenders associated with the defence of Buddhism.

scholarly journals Urban Subalterns in the Arab Revolutions: Cairo and Damascus in Comparative Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Political Force ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Everyday Interaction ◽  
Political Configuration

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of urban subalterns both as participatory agents in the Arab revolutions and as mediating forces against revolutionary action. It argues that during revolutionary periods the positioning of subalterns as a political force should be understood in relation to their socio-spatial location in the urban political configuration. Looking at the protest movements in Cairo and Damascus, the paper examines the differentiated locations of subaltern actors in each to demonstrate how their positioning in relation to state and government has shaped their engagement in the revolutions. In Cairo, the mobilization of subaltern forces was anchored in spatialized forms of everyday interaction between popular forces and agents of government. These interactions were formative of urban subjectivities that entered into the making of “the people” as the subject of the Revolution. In Damascus, the configuration of the urban space and the Syrian regime's modes of control made it difficult for subaltern forces to mobilize on the same scale as in Cairo or to form a unified opposition. The regime instrumentalized socio-spatial fragmentation among subalterns, in effect turning some segments, as buffers for the regime, against others. In analytical terms, the paper underscores the common conceptual ground between the categories of “urban popular forces” and “urban subalterns.” This ground covers their socio-spatial positionality, their bases of action, and the factors shaping their political subjectivities.

scholarly journals Rola Alii Izetbegovicia w kształtowaniu muzułmańskiej wspólnoty narodowej Bośni i Hercegowiny

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
Ewa Bujwid-Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
National Community ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject

The role of Aliya Izetbegović in shaping the national community of Muslim in Bosnia and HerzegovinaThe main problem of the research was to prove that ethnical background has the influence over the people who bear important political functions. For the subject of the research we chose the president of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović, who has Muslim roots. During the considerations of the research it was proved that provenience of him in this case seriously determined his attitude and political behavior. It is wondrous that with no trouble he could stay faithful to his beliefs and was officially expressing his religious doctrines, still holding civil functions. Unfortunately, it was all connected with traumatic experiences for hundreds of thousands of Serbian and Croatian people. It is deeply surprising that all his cruel actions as well as his contacts with dangerous separatist Muslims movements have been forgotten.

scholarly journals Threats posed by serious and organised crime for the safety and security of tourism in Poland.

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Kamil Martyniak
Keyword(s):  
Organised Crime ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Unique Specificity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Desk Research ◽  
Critical Literature

The growing impact and relevance of safety and security in tourism can be discerned in the increasingly more substantial foreign and Polish academic literature on the subject. Based on the available publications and enhanced by the author’s individual reflections and tourist experiences, the paper attempts to outline a number of issues selected arbitrarily by the author. The goal of this paper is to attempt to define the various threats posed for the safety and security of tourism in Poland, and to look at the salient problems and dilemmas that may, in the nearest future, become the object of further research and enquiries. Being absorbed by the trip implies that tourists frequently fail to pay enough attention to the dangers that await them. Situations of this sort are, indeed, numerous: some are caused by the people themselves, and the origins of others need to be traced in nature. The role of tourism organisers and travel agencies, as well as tourists themselves, is to strive to make sure that trips made to get some sunshine, bathe in warm water sofexotic seas, and expeditions to the mountains do not turn into a nightmare (Mansfeld 2006). Each type of tourism has its unique specificity that goes with smaller or bigger chances of fortuitous events. It is not just the specific nature of the above types of tourism that can trigger a variety of fortuitous events, but also at the individual stages of consumption of a tourism product (Sanetra&Sanetra-Półgrabi 2018) situations can occur that are caused by factors related to tourist transport, and staying at a given rest spot. Admittedly, the essence of tourism rests on people’s travelling to destinations that pride themselves on outstanding tourist qualities, and that are located beyond the place where tourists reside on a permanent basis. This form of travelling constitutes the basic element of the consumption of tourism. This paper is the fruit of critical literature-based research, and desk research conducted on the subject matter at hand.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN YURIDIS TENTANG KEDUDUKAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN SAKSI JUSTICE COLLABORATOR DALAM PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DITINJAU DARI SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Denny Ateng Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Criminal Offender ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRAK Tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia sudah sangat meluas dan telah masuk sampai keseluruh lapisan masyarakat. Perkembangannya terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, dalam jumlah kasus yang terjadi dan jumlah kerugian keuangan negara serta dari segi kualitas tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan semakin sistematis yang telah memasuki seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat. Dalam upaya pemberantasannya tidak lagi dapat dilakukan secara biasa, tetapi dituntut cara-cara yang luar biasa pula. Salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi yaitu dengan peran justice collaborator. Peran Justice Collaborator yaitu seseorang sebagai tersangka namun bukan pelaku utama dan dapat membongkar orang yang terlibat diatasnya sekalipun ia telah korupsi namun ia juga mendapat keringanan karena telah membantu dalam suatu proses pembongkaran fakta dan keadilan.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian observational research dengan cara Normatif yaitu metode penelitian kepustakaan yakni penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji dan meneliti bahan-bahan pustaka berupa bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Sedangkan sifat penelitian ini adalah deskriftif, karena penulis bermaksud memberikan gambaran tentang permasalahan yang menjadi pokok penelitian. Analisis data disajikan secara deskriftif. Kemudian penulis menarik kesimpulan penelitian ini secara deduktif.Dari hasil penelitian Dapat disimpulkan Kedudukan Justice Collaborator Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia. Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Acara Pidana yang masih berlaku saat ini pada kenyataannya sama sekali belum memberikan ruang bagi seorang pelaku tindak pidana yang kemudian dijadikan sebagai seorang saksi, karena tidak adanya pengaturan mengenai mekanisme maupun bentuk-bentuk perlindungan serta pemberian reward kepada seorang saksi pelaku yang bekerjasama (Justice Collaborator). Perlindungan hukum terhadap Justice Collaborator dalam Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi Indonesia diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 31 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 31 tahun 1999 jo Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001.Kata kunci: korupsi; perkara pidana; perlindungan saksiABSTRACTCorruption in Indonesia has been very widespread and has entered into all levels of society. Its development continues to increase from year to year, in the number of cases that occur and the number of losses of state finances and in terms of the quality of criminal acts of corruption committed more systematically that has entered all aspects of people's lives. In an effort to eradicate it can no longer be done as usual, but demands extraordinary ways as well. One of the government's efforts in the prevention and eradication of corruption is the role of justice collaborator. The role of the Justice Collaborator is that a person is a suspect but is not the main actor and can dismantle the people involved above him even though he has been corrupt but he also gets relief because it has helped in a process of dismantling facts and justice.The type of research used is observationaresearch by Normative method, namely library research method, namely legal research conducted by studying and examining library materials in the form of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. While the nature of this study is descriptive, because the authors intend to provide an overview of the problems that are the subject of research. Data analysis is presented descriptive. Then the authors draw the conclusions of this study deductively.From the research results it can be concluded that the position of Justice Collaborator in Corruption in the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia. The Criminal Procedure Code that is still in effect today in fact does not provide space for a criminal offender who is then used as a witness, because there are no regulations regarding the mechanism or forms of protection and the provision of rewards to a witnesses whose perpetrators in collaboration (Justice Collaborator). The legal protection of Justice Collaborators in the Indonesian Corruption Act is regulated in the provisions of Article 31 paragraph (1) of Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001.

scholarly journals “The Night of the AdEaters”: Pelevin and Baudrillard

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tatiana Anatolievna Skoropad
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject

The relevance of this work is substantiated by the fact that advertising as a special language of communication of modern society becomes the subject of research in different human sciences. Culturology, as complex field of humanities knowledge that encompasses sociocultural experience of the people reflected in traditions and norms, customs and laws, representations, assessments and actions, also studies various cultural phenomena. The author pursues the goal to interpret the phenomenon of popularity of advertising as a specific marker of consumer society. For achieving the set goal, analysis is conducted on the phenomenon of durability and popularity of the French show The Night of the AdEaters”. Research methodology is comprised of descriptive and systematic analysis of empirical facts in examining the role of advertising in postmodern society. Comparative method is used for drawing parallels between the works of J. Baudrillard and V. Pelevin from the perceptive of their criticism of consumer society. The author analyzes and characterizes modern consumer society, transformation of human values, and the important role allotted to advertising plays in this society. The conclusion is made that advertising becomes a part of everyday culture, impacts people’s life, contributes to formation of values system, mentality, worldview. In human mind, advertising transforms information into the image, and dictates the demands and interests, demonstrates ideals, helps formulating the goals.

scholarly journals AGENTS IN THE PROCESS OF INCULTURATION: FRIEND OR FOE?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Okelloh Ogera
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
African Christianity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Church

Purpose: This article looks at the role played by agents: the people responsible for articulating and implementing inculturation in Africa. The article asks the simple question of are these agents useful or a hindrance in the process of inculturation? The article begins by identifying these agents then discusses the challenges they face in the process of inculturation. The article concludes by giving a way forward and that is an integrated approach in inculturation.Methodology: This study will review the available literature on the subject with a view to examining what previous research says concerning the role of the agents, that is human beings, in the process of inculturation. This was done with the main objective of examining the challenges that he agents of inculturation face, and concluding by exploring an integrated approach to inculturation, where all the agents are brought on board. Findings: This study found out that if inculturation is to truly take root in African Christianity, it must bring on board all actors, not just Church leaders, and trained theologians, but also the laity. All these actors also need to overcome some of the challenges that have hindered the prospects of inculturation which include but not limited to fear of syncretism, lack of enthusiasm by some Church leaders, answering the question of culture in a post-modern and globalized world.Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This paper will offer unique contributions to policies and practices governing the attempts to make the Church in Africa truly African by proposing a re-evaluation of the way inculturation has been carried out in the past. This has tended to be spearheaded by professional theologians and some church leaders, neglecting the biggest constituency in the entire process, and that is the consumer of inculturational processes; the laity.

scholarly journals A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SOCIAL JUSTICE AS THE RULE OF LAW

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Smolnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Just Society ◽  
Historical Moment

The article considers the place of social justice in modern law. Various aspects are noted: its relationship with the social state, legal state, civilizational particularities, historical features. The question of the significance of choice between the legality and legitimacy of power as a factor in the establishment of social justice is considered. The article raises the issue of the subject-object essence of social justice. It provides a comparison of two approaches to social justice in modern Russia — liberal and conservative, and notes the contradictory nature of both. Attention is drawn to the role of elites, the intelligentsia and the people in the embodiment of the liberal project. The author reveals the historical and civilizational prerequisites for the conservative project domination, its being in demand on the part of both the authorities and significant segments of the population, and its correspondence to the historical moment. The similarity of the conservative response to the challenges facing the society in the United States, Japan, Britain and Russia is substantiated. A sociological comparison of positions on the issues of law as social justice in the West and in Russia is given. There is an increasing divergence in understanding social justice both in the countries of the West (destruction of the social contract, welfare state) and between the West and the rest of the world. The theme of justice is increasingly playing a role in causing mutual claims rather than in stabilizing and maintaining international and civil peace. The paper considers attempts to create domestic models of a just society. Social justice is regarded as a projective concept and presupposes the existence of models of the expected and ideal future of society. The world trend towards change in the ideas of the subject of law and of the paradigm shift from liberalism to transhumanism is noted. It is argued that it is impossible to identify law with social justice.

scholarly journals KAITAN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEPRIBADIAN MANUSIA DALAM MENCAPAI TUJUAN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Ni Nengah Selasih
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
The People ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

<p><em>Human natur</em><em>e, </em><em> in terms of education, according Lengeveld is educabile animal, namely being able to be educated; educandum animal, the creature must be educated; </em><em>education</em><em> homo</em><em>,</em><em> that being on the side can and should be educated can and should educate. The role of education in fostering personality summed up in the goals of education derived or determined by the principle of ontological view and axiologis. Man is the subject, as well as objects of ed</em><em>u</em><em>cation. Cultured adult human is the subject of education in the sense of responsible education. Human undertaking to foster the commuity, preserve the natural environment together, primarily responsible for the dignity of humanity.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Based on the analysis of the structure of the human soul </em><em>and</em><em> personality</em><em>, the </em><em>human behavior is determined by the source and the id, ego, and superego.  Therefore, compulsory education </em><em>is </em><em>deepened to better understand </em><em>of </em><em>human behavior or character. In particular, for educational purposes, to understand human nature, personality, means to understand individual interests, aspirations, potentials, and personal identity, and are fundamental to the effectiveness of the educatonal process, an obligation also to respect the dignity, personality, and uniqueness of a person in order to self-realization.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Science of life for science education is a very valueble complementation. Pedagogic without the same life science with practice without theory. Education without understanding the human means to build something without knowing for what, how, and why people are educated. Without an understanding of the people, the unique nature of the individual, and the potential that it will be fostered, then education would be misdirected. Even without the good sense, then education would rape human nature.</em></p>

The Difficulty of Being Dead: Aleksandr Veledinskii’s Alive (2006)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Strukov
Keyword(s):  
Political Agency ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Spectral Effect ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Spectator

The dis/appearances of the characters in Veledinskii’s Alive denotes ruptures in continuity (including the continuity of the gaze). The role of the phantom is to overcome the complete break between the living and the dead as well as to overcome the ruptures in discourse. The persistent revenant is an epitome of the return: they become by coming back and in doing so they create a repetitive experience—teleological aporia, a certain inheritance. The phantom is a trace and also a differance (in Derridean terms) in that their spectral effect is in the ideological tendency and the promise of emancipation. In Alive, the phantom resists the totality of representation and so emerges as a method of paralogy: legitimacy of the subject is determined by a denial of the possibility of legitimation. The spectre as a mediation of discourse which lies in between, and in Alive—not between life and death but between death and death. In Alive political agency is the phantom’s expediency whereby the gaze onto the spectator—the pervasiveness of the ghostly experience problematizes the status of the spectator who—in the presence of the posthumous narrator—emerges as a posthumous spectator.

On Testing Rubber

1964 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Juve
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Complex Product ◽  
Simple Observation ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cursory Examination

Abstract Measurements are basic to all natural sciences, in fact some say that science is measurement. Whether it is the measurement of the temperature on the moon or the hysteresis properties of a rubber compound, the measurements are intended to give us accurate data with which to proceed further in our understanding of nature. Measurements and analyses are essential in every stage of rubber science and technology from the synthesis of a new rubber chemical to measurements of performance of some complex product such as a tire in service. The all-pervading role of measurements is frequently not appreciated, but a simple observation which each of us can make will demonstrate this fact. A cursory examination of the slides presented at this and other Division of Rubber Chemistry meetings will show that at least 95% of them contain the results of physical or chemical tests required to demonstrate, illustrate or prove a point the speaker is attempting to make. Furthermore, many of the papers will be concerned solely with a new test method or method of analysis. Although as a compounder my work was only incidentally involved with testing, the subject of testing has been a most absorbing interest of mine and it seemed that a discussion of some aspects of it would be acceptable for this lecture. A rough distinction can be made between those tests involved with the fundamental science of rubber as a primary aim and those involved with the engineering practice of rubber technology, although there is an inevitable overlapping. My concern here will be with the latter group and, in general, with those methods which have been standardized by Committee D-11 of ASTM. My central theme will be that too much testing is done, that many of the methods are inadequate, that many are inadequately understood by the users and inadequate analysis and interpretation are made of the data obtained. In an attempt to brighten the picture a little, I will conclude by discussing some new methods which appear to be decided improvements, both from performance and in being adequate in respect to being easily understood by most users. What I have to say will be somewhat critical of the methods used and sympathetically critical of the people who use them. At the start I should point out that criticism of the methods is not a criticism of Committee D-11 of ASTM. It should be realized that D-11 almost invariably standardizes methods which are fairly widely used in the industry and for which a need for standarization is expressed by the industry. The Committee rarely develops new methods, although it can be said that in the process of standardization, methods are usually improved. One of the more important purposes of standardization is to formulate methods so that different laboratories will obtain reasonably reproducible values without which chaos would result.

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