scholarly journals Distribution of grey wolves Canis lupus lupus in the Nepalese Himalaya: implications for conservation management

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samundra Ambuhang Subba ◽  
Anil Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Kanchan Thapa ◽  
Sabita Malla ◽  
Gokarna Jung Thapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Kanchenjunga Conservation Area ◽  
The Himalaya

AbstractThe grey wolf Canis lupus lupus is Critically Endangered in Nepal, and is a protected species there. Understanding the species’ status and distribution is critical for its conservation in the Nepalese Himalaya. We assessed the distribution of the grey wolf in the Himalayan and Trans-Himalayan regions using data from faecal and camera trap surveys and published data sources. We recorded 40 instances of wolf presence. Using these data we estimated a distribution of 28,553 km2, which includes potential as well as known habitat and comprises 73% of the Nepalese Himalaya. There is evidence of recovery of the grey wolf population in Kanchenjunga Conservation Area in the eastern portion of the species’ range. A livestock insurance scheme has been shown to be a viable option to reduce retaliatory killing of wolves as a result of livestock depredation. The wolf plays an important ecological role in the Himalaya, and its conservation should not be delayed by the ongoing taxonomic debate about its subspecific status.

scholarly journals The First Record of Echinococcus ortleppi (G5) Tapeworms in Grey Wolf (Canis lupus)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Jacek Karamon ◽  
Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg ◽  
Jacek Sroka ◽  
Ewa Bilska-Zając ◽  
Joanna Dąbrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
First Record ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Counting Technique ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study is to confirm the presence and molecular identification of Echinococcus tapeworms in wolves from south-eastern Poland. An investigation was carried out on the intestines of 13 wolves from south-eastern Poland. The small intestines were divided into three equal segments. Each segment was separately examined using the sedimentation and counting technique (SCT). The detected Echinococcus tapeworms were isolated and identified by PCRs and sequencing (nad1 and cox1 genes). Additionally, DNA isolated from the feces of wolves positive for Echinococcus tapeworms was examined with two diagnostic PCRs. The intestines of one wolf were positive for E. granulosus s.l. when assessed by SCT; the intestine was from a six-year-old male wolf killed in a communication accident. We detected 61 adult tapeworms: 42 in the anterior, 14 in the middle, and 5 in the posterior parts of the small intestine. The PCRs conducted for cox1 and nad1 produced specific products. A sequence comparison with the GenBank database showed similarity to the deposited E. ortleppi (G5) sequences. An analysis of the available phylogenetic sequences showed very little variation within the species of E. ortleppi (G5), and identity ranged from 99.10% to 100.00% in the case of cox1 and from 99.04 to 100.00% in the case of nad1. One of the two diagnostic PCRs used and performed on the feces of Echinococcus-positive animals showed product specific for E. granulosus. This study showed the presence of adult E. ortleppi tapeworms in wolves for the first time.

First wolves in Luxembourg since 1893, originating from the Alpine and Central European populations

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Schley ◽  
Marianne Jacobs ◽  
Sebastian Collet ◽  
Alexander Kristiansen ◽  
Jan Herr
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hard Evidence

Abstract Considering the spread of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) in Europe over the past 30 years, Luxembourg took some measures to prepare for the return of this apex predator, including the establishment of a management plan that notably addresses the issue of wolf depredation on livestock. Here we present the results of genetic analyses of putative wolf saliva, hair and scat samples collected from or near prey carcasses between 2015 and 2020. In two cases, the wolf was confirmed via DNA analysis: in July 2017 near Garnich and in April 2020 near Niederanven, both assigned to category C1 (hard evidence). A third case was classified as C2 (confirmed observation) based on prey carcass characteristics, while genetic analysis yielded no result. These are the first confirmed records of wolves in Luxemburg since 1893. Moreover, the two C1-cases originated from the Alpine (Garnich) and Central European (Niederanven) populations. Given similar developments in the neighboring countries and regions, we conclude that the area including the Benelux countries as well as Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland and Northern France may well become a melting pot for wolves of the two aforementioned populations in the coming years and decades.

scholarly journals Gray Wolves, Canis lupus, Killed by Cougars, Puma concolor, and a Grizzly Bear, Ursus arctos, in Montana, Alberta, and Wyoming

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Jimenez ◽  
Valpa J. Asher ◽  
Carita Bergman ◽  
Edward E. Bangs ◽  
Susannah P. Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Grizzly Bear ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Large Predators

Four cases where large predators caused Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) mortality are recorded. We describe two incidents of Cougars (Puma concolar) killing Wolves in Montana and one incident of a Cougar killing a Wolf in Alberta. We report the first recorded incident of a Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) killing a Wolf in the western United States.

Exercise efficiency: validity of base-line subtractions

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Stainbsy ◽  
L. B. Gladden ◽  
J. K. Barclay ◽  
B. A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Base Line ◽  
External Work ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Exercise Efficiency ◽  
Adequate Analysis

In evaluating the efficiency of humans performing exercise, base-line subtractions have been used in an attempt to determine the efficiency of the muscles in performing the external work. Despite the fact that base lines have been criticized previously, they have been widely used without adequate analysis of the implications involved. Calculations of efficiencies using data available in the literature for isolated muscle preparations revealed that base-line subtractions result in unreasonably high efficiencies. This suggests strongly that the base lines are invalid. To be valid, a base line must continue unchanged under all the conditions in which it is applied. Previously published data indicate clearly that exercise base lines change with increasing work rate and are therefore invalid. The use of base lines is further complicated by elastic energy storage in some types of exercise. Although exercise efficiencies using base line subtractions may be useful, they do not indicate muscle efficiency. Perhaps future studies of exercise metabolism should be directed less at refining base lines and more toward describing and quantifying the determinants of energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Climate Variability and Associated Response of Larix griffithii in Kanchenjunga Conservation Area of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Sijar Bhatta ◽  
Man Kumar Dhamala ◽  
Prakash Chandra Aryal ◽  
Raju Chauhan ◽  
Binod Dawadi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Kanchenjunga Conservation Area

scholarly journals Pikas and People: Human-Pika (Ochotona) interaction in the Himalaya of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Koju ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Chalise ◽  
Randall C Kyes
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Collective Data ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Folk Stories ◽  
The Himalaya

Abstract. Koju NP, Chalise MK, Kyes RC. 2021. Pikas and People: Human-Pika (Ochotona) interaction in the Himalaya of Nepal. Biodiversitas 22: 5085-5091. This study examined human-pika (Ochotona) interaction in two protected areas of Nepal: Lamtang National Park (LNP) and Api Nampa Conservation Area (ACNA). We conducted the study between 2012 and 2017 and employed a combination of three qualitative sampling methods: observation of behavior (both humans and pikas), practices, and rituals of the local residents, pilgrims, tourists, and Yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinesis) collectors; collection of folk stories; and focus group discussions with local residents to investigate the nature of human-pika interaction. Based on the collective data, three general themes relating to human-pika interaction emerged: 1) the perception of pikas as a respected entity; 2) effects of anthropogenic pollution on pikas, and 3) pikas as a traditional medicine. In LNP, the pika was respected as symbol of the Buddhist monk ‘Lama’. In contrast, at ANCA, the dried meat of pika was used by local people for traditional medicine. At both locations, there is an increasing human presence resulting in increased anthropogenic pollution. This, in turn, may present a potential risk to the pikas over the long term. Further investigation is needed to address the effects of anthropogenic activities on the pika and to ensure the health and viability of the pika population.

scholarly journals Humanity’s Best Friend: A Dog-Centric Approach to Addressing Global Challenges

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Sykes ◽  
Piers Beirne ◽  
Alexandra Horowitz ◽  
Ione Jones ◽  
Linda Kalof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Cultural Complexity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship

No other animal has a closer mutualistic relationship with humans than the dog (Canis familiaris). Domesticated from the Eurasian grey wolf (Canis lupus), dogs have evolved alongside humans over millennia in a relationship that has transformed dogs and the environments in which humans and dogs have co-inhabited. The story of the dog is the story of recent humanity, in all its biological and cultural complexity. By exploring human-dog-environment interactions throughout time and space, it is possible not only to understand vital elements of global history, but also to critically assess our present-day relationship with the natural world, and to begin to mitigate future global challenges. In this paper, co-authored by researchers from across the natural and social sciences, arts and humanities, we argue that a dog-centric approach provides a new model for future academic enquiry and engagement with both the public and the global environmental agenda.

Weight, size and shape relationships and their uses in the study of graded yield data

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. L. Morris ◽  
I. E. Currah
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Using Data

SUMMARYFor many horticultural crops the distribution of weight over size grades is of more importance than the total weight. This paper shows how simply determined features of interrelationships of the weight, size and shape of an individual in the crop can be combined to provide estimates of various aspects of the distribution of crop weight over size grades. The two relationships required are (i) the probability density function of the grading variable for the crop; (ii) a function relating the weight of an individual to the corresponding value of the grading variable.The paper shows how each of these can be determined either from published data or by simple experiment. Examples using data on onions and carrots are given to illustrate this and also to show some of the more important practical applications of the methods. For example, they allow the results of grading with one set of size grades to be extrapolated to a different set of grades without recourse to further measurement or experimentation and this is illustrated using published data on carrots. Other possible uses are also discussed and outlined.

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