scholarly journals Effectiveness of community-based livestock protection strategies: a case study of human–lion conflict mitigation

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lovemore Sibanda ◽  
Paul J. Johnson ◽  
Esther van der Meer ◽  
Courtney Hughes ◽  
Bongani Dlodlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Conflict Mitigation

Abstract Conservation scientists are increasingly recognizing the need to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to improve human–wildlife coexistence across different contexts. Here we assessed the long-term efficacy of the Long Shields Community Guardians programme in Zimbabwe. This community-based programme seeks to protect livestock and prevent depredation by lions Panthera leo through non-lethal means, with the ultimate aim of promoting human–lion coexistence. Using a quasi-experimental approach, we measured temporal trends in livestock depredation by lions and the prevalence of retaliatory killing of lions by farmers and wildlife managers. Farmers that were part of the Long Shields programme experienced a significant reduction in livestock loss to lions, and the annual number of lions subject to retaliatory killing by farmers dropped by 41% since the start of the programme in 2013, compared to 2008–2012, before the programme was initiated. Our findings demonstrate the Long Shields programme can be a potential model for limiting livestock depredation by lions. More broadly, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of community-based interventions to engage community members, improve livestock protection and ameliorate levels of retaliatory killing, thereby reducing human–lion conflict.

Community-Based Interventions to Reduce Child Maltreatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973152098696
Author(s):  
Camilla Kin-Ming Lo ◽  
Yuet Wing Cho
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Further Development

Purpose: This review seeks to summarize selected literature on existing findings on the impacts of community-based interventions on the actual reduction of child maltreatment and to identify the core components of the interventions. Methods: This study systematically searched electronic databases, including PsycInfo, Medline, and Web of Science. The findings of the selected studies were summarized using narrative synthesis. Results: A total of four studies met the inclusion criteria of this study. The studies showed declines in child maltreatment incidences reported by child protective services and hospitals during the study periods. Four major components and approaches were identified among the selected interventions, including (1) the involvement of community members, (2) partnerships with community institutions, (3) multidisciplinary collaboration, and (4) responsiveness to the needs of the communities involved. Conclusions: The results of this review support the need for further development of community-based interventions using a hybrid approach.

Strategies and Practices in Community—Based Campaigns Promoting Nutrition and Physical Activity

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Alcalay ◽  
Robert A. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Evaluation Stage ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Strategy Design

The strategies and practices employed in 50 community-based nutrition and physical activity interventions are reviewed from the perspective of a four-stage social marketing model. Goals and objectives established at the research and planning stage were infrequently grounded in data and theory. At the strategy design stage, concept/message pretesting was uncommon. Most campaigns disseminated material products through several channels and activities. At the implementation stage, community members were regularly enlisted as collaborators and a majority of campaigns identified sustainability as a long-term goal. In the evaluation stage, summative research was most often based on quasi-experimental methods. Self-reported knowledge and behavior effects were often assessed; morbidity and mortality campaign effects were rarely considered. Suggestions are offered for improving the design and execution of future interventions.

scholarly journals Drivers of antibiotic use in Vietnam: implications for designing community interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. e005875
Author(s):  
Shannon McKinn ◽  
Duy Hoang Trinh ◽  
Dorothy Drabarek ◽  
Thao Thu Trieu ◽  
Phuong Thi Lan Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Global Challenge

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance is a global challenge that threatens our ability to prevent and treat common infectious diseases. Vietnam is affected by high rates of antimicrobial resistant infections, driven by the overuse of antibiotics and the Vietnamese government has recognised antimicrobial resistance as a health security priority. This study aimed to understand how people in Vietnam use antibiotics in community settings, and the factors that impact their practices and decision-making regarding antibiotics.MethodsWe conducted 43 qualitative in-depth interviews with 50 community members in two urban and two rural sites in Vietnam. We conducted iterative, inductive thematic analysis alongside data collection through a process of systematic debriefings based on detailed interview summaries. Through this process, we developed a coding framework that was then applied to transcribed interview data.ResultsFrequent and indiscriminate use of antibiotics was driven by the powerful appeal that antibiotics held for many Vietnamese consumers. Consumers were discerning in making decisions in their purchase and use of antibiotics. Consumers’ decisions were affected by perceptions of what constitutes high-quality medicine (effective, strong, accessible and affordable); privileging symptom control over diagnosis; social constructions of antibiotics as a trusted remedy with embodied evidence of prior efficacy, which is reinforced by advice from trusted sources in their community; and varied, generally incomplete, understanding of the concept of antibiotic resistance and its implications for individuals and for public health.ConclusionAntibiotic use at the community and primary care level in Vietnam is driven by community members’ social and economic response to what constitutes effective healthcare, rather than biomedical logic. Community-based interventions to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use need to engage with the entangled socio-structural factors that ‘resist’ current public health efforts to ration antibiotic use, alongside biomedical drivers. This study has informed the design of a community-based trial to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Strategies to Overcome Vaccine Hesitancy: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Singh ◽  
Pritu Dhalaria ◽  
Shreeparna Ghosh ◽  
Mrinal Kar Mohapatra ◽  
Satabdi Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Study Characteristics

Abstract Background: Vaccination, albeit a necessity in the prevention of infectious diseases, requires appropriate strategies for addressing vaccine hesitancy at an individual and community level. However, there remains a glaring scarcity of available literature in that regard. Therefore, this review aims to scrutinize globally tested interventions to increase the vaccination uptake by addressing vaccine hesitancy at various stages of these interventions across the globe and help policy makers in implementing appropriate strategies to address the issue.Methods: A systematic review of descriptive and analytic studies was conducted using specific key word searches to identify literature containing information about interventions directed at vaccine hesitancy. The search was done using PubMed, Global Health, and Science Direct databases. Data extraction was based on study characteristics such as author details; study design; and type, duration, and outcome of an intervention.Results: A total of 105 studies were identified of which 33 studies were included in the final review. Community-based interventions, monetary incentives, and technology-based health literacy demonstrated significant improvement in the utilization of immunization services. On the other hand, media-based intervention studies did not bring about a desired change in overcoming vaccine hesitancy.Conclusion: This study indicates that the strategies should be based on the need and reasons for vaccine hesitancy for the targeted population. A multidimensional approach involving community members, families, and individuals is required to address this challenging issue.

scholarly journals Pre-Intervention Effects of a Community-Based Intervention Targeting Alcohol Use (LEF); The Role of Participatory Research and Publicity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Koning ◽  
Vincent G. van der Rijst ◽  
John B. F. de Wit ◽  
Charlotte De Kock
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

This study explores the impact of the ‘pre-intervention effects’ of a community-based interventions. This refers to participatory research processes and parallel publicity in the media on changes in alcohol use and relevant mechanisms (rules and norms about alcohol, accessibility of alcohol in a formal setting) among adolescents before any intervention is implemented. In a quasi-experimental study, adolescent data were collected twice by means of self-report among adolescents living in two municipalities (control and experimental condition). Regression analysis showed pre-intervention main effects on adolescents’ perceived accessibility of alcohol in a formal setting. Moreover, among adolescents aged 15 years and older, the normative decline in strictness of rules and norms was less steep in the experimental condition compared to the control condition. Also, adolescents aged 14 years and younger in the experimental condition reported more weekly drinking compared to their peers in the control condition. No differential effects across gender were found. To conclude, applying a co-creational approach in the development of an intervention, not only contributes to more effective interventions in the end, but involvement of and discussions in the community at the start of intervention planning are contributing to changes in targeted factors. This implies that public discussions about the development of intervention strategies should be considered as an essential feature of co-creation in community-based interventions.

Goals and Realities in Community-Based Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Nancy Gillis ◽  
Mariela Nuñez-Janes
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Applied Anthropology ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Conducting Research

Just as an actor spends months to years perfecting a role, applied anthropology graduate students also must practice the various roles they may play in community-based research. It is important for students to practice and gain experience in the field so that they feel prepared to lead their own community-based interventions. In this We believe it is important to expose students to the skills and strategies needed to successfully work with community members so that they can be prepared to navigate the obstacles that arise when conducting research as engaged practicing anthropologists.

scholarly journals Pre-Intervention Effects of a Community-Based Intervention Targeting Alcohol Use (LEF); The Role of Participatory Research and Publicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8823
Author(s):  
Ina M. Koning ◽  
Vincent G. Van der Rijst ◽  
John B. F. De Wit ◽  
Charlotte De Kock
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

This study explores the impact of the ‘pre-intervention effects’ of a community-based intervention. This refers to participatory research processes and parallel publicity in the media on changes in alcohol use and relevant mechanisms (rules and norms about alcohol, accessibility of alcohol in a formal setting) among adolescents before any intervention is implemented. The aim was to investigate the contribution of these processes (i.e., pre-intervention effects) to changes in intervention-targeted factors before any actual intervention was implemented. In a quasi-experimental study, data were collected twice by means of self-report among adolescents living in two municipalities (control and experimental condition). A regression analysis showed negative pre-intervention main effects on adolescents’ perceived accessibility of alcohol in a formal setting. Moreover, among adolescents aged 15 years and older, the normative decline in strictness of rules and norms was less steep in the experimental condition compared to the control condition. Additionally, adolescents aged 14 years and younger in the experimental condition reported more weekly drinking compared to their peers in the control condition. No differential effects across gender were found. To conclude, applying a co-creational approach in the development of an intervention not only contributes to more effective interventions in the end, but the involvement of and discussions in the community when planning the intervention contribute to changes in targeted factors. This implies that public discussions about the development of intervention strategies should be considered as an essential feature of co-creation in community-based interventions.

A State-Wide Effectiveness Trial of CTC in Pennsylvania

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Fagan ◽  
J. David Hawkins ◽  
Richard F. Catalano ◽  
David P. Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
State Level ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Early Adopter ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Prevention System ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Outcome Evaluations ◽  
Wide Dissemination

This chapter provides an example of how a community-based prevention system can be delivered at scale and with quality, using a state-wide dissemination of CTC in Pennsylvania as an example. As an early adopter of CTC, Pennsylvania began funding coalitions to implement CTC and EBIs in the mid-1990s. The chapter describes how the state formed successful partnerships between local community members, prevention scientists, and state-level agencies, including the creation of a state-level organization to oversee and help ensure successful implementation of CTC coalitions and EBIs. The chapter also summarizes the results of process and quasi-experimental outcome evaluations conducted in Pennsylvania. These evaluations have shown that CTC communities have successfully created and sustained broad-based, high-functioning coalitions, selected and sustained EBIs, and experienced reductions in youth behavioral health problems.

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