Lyme borreliosis in Europe and North America

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (S1) ◽  
pp. S191-S220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PIESMAN ◽  
L. GERN
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Since the discovery of the Lyme disease spirochete in North America in 1982 and in Europe in 1983, a plethora of studies on this unique group of spirochetes that compriseBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato has been accumulated. In an attempt to compare and contrast Lyme borreliosis in Europe and North America we have reviewed the biology of the aetiologic agents, as well as the clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of this disease on both continents. Moreover, we have detailed the ecology of theIxodesticks that transmit this infection and the reservoir hosts that maintain the spirochete cycle in nature. Finally, we have examined the transmission dynamics of the spirochete on both continents, as well as the available prevention strategies. Although it has been over two decades since the discovery of the Lyme disease spirochete, Lyme borreliosis is an expanding public health problem that has defied our attempts to control it. By comparing the accumulated experience of investigators in North America and Europe, where the disease is most frequently reported, we hope to advance the cause of developing novel approaches to combat Lyme borreliosis.

scholarly journals What Are the Costs of Diagnostics and Treatment of Lyme Borreliosis in Poland?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Rogalska ◽  
Olga Pawełczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Solarz ◽  
Tomasz Holecki
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Average Monthly Salary ◽  
Monthly Salary

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a growing epidemiological threat in many areas of the world, including North America and Europe. Due to the lack of effective protection against this disease, it seems important to ensure a timely diagnosis for effective treatment and the prevention of serious health consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the costs of diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease in Poland. The costs incurred for the medical payer were analyzed. The cost of hospitalization due to LB for one patient in 2018 was estimated to be ~582.39 EUR, which constituted 53.10% of the average monthly salary of that year. In the analyzed period (2008–2018), the number of people treated by medical services due to Lyme disease increased, both in hospitalization and ambulatory specialist care. Although, the costs of hospitalization were the highest of the two, we noticed a change ratio between hospitalization and ambulatory specialist care in favor of the latter.

scholarly journals STATUS UPDATE ON THE PROBLEM OF IXODIC LYME DISEASE

2015 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Y. D. Yankovwskaya ◽  
T. Y. Chernobrovkina ◽  
M. I. Koshkin
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Generalize Data ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

An article aims to generalize data on Lyme disease’s natural nidality and it’s causative agents ecology, spectrum of carriers and reservoir hosts, mechanisms and routes. Clinical aspects, diagnosis, core principles of Borrelia diseases treatment are discussed in the paper. Once “tick-born disease” activator found in the mite’s body, the study describes immediate preventive measures with the usage of medication. Borrelia miyamotoi is been studied over the last years, as well as pathogenic diseases caused by it. Full Ixodic Lyme Disease diagnosis includes dynamic study of IgM and IgG antibodies, Immunochip and PCR. The article shows case history of a patient with erythematous Lyme disease and full disease’s management.

scholarly journals The gut at war: the consequences of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection as a factor of diarrhea and malnutrition

2000 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulysses Fagundes-Neto ◽  
Isabel Cristina Affonso Scaletsky
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
The Impact

Diarrheal disease is still the most prevalent and important public health problem in developing countries, despite advances in knowledge, understanding, and management that have occurred over recent years. Diarrhea is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age. The impact of diarrheal diseases is more severe in the earliest periods of life, when taking into account both the numbers of episodes per year and hospital admission rates. This narrative review focuses on one of the major driving forces that attack the host, namely the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and the consequences that generate malnutrition in an early phase of life. EPEC serotypes form dense microcolonies on the surface of tissue-culture cells in a pattern known as localized adherence (LA). When EPEC strains adhere to epithelial cells in vitro or in vivo they cause characteristic changes known as Attaching and Effacement (A/E) lesions. Surface abnormalities of the small intestinal mucosa shown by scanning electron microscopy in infants with persistent diarrhea, although non-specific, are intense enough to justify the severity of the clinical aspects displayed in a very young phase in life. Decrease in number and height of microvilli, blunting of borders of enterocytes, loss of the glycocalyx, shortening of villi and presence of a mucus pseudomembrane coating the mucosal surface were the abnormalities observed in the majority of patients. These ultrastructural derangements may be due to an association of the enteric enteropathogenic agent that triggers the diarrheic process and the onset of food intolerance responsible for perpetuation of diarrhea. An aggressive therapeutic approach based on appropriate nutritional support, especially the utilization of human milk and/or lactose-free protein hydrolyzate-based formulas and the adequate correction of the fecal losses, is required to allow complete recovery from the damage caused by this devastating enteropathogenic agent.

scholarly journals 1428. Lyme Disease Treatment in the United States: Prescribing Patterns from a Nationwide Commercial Insurance Database, 2016-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S720-S720
Author(s):  
Amy M Beeson ◽  
Grace E Marx ◽  
Amy M Schwartz ◽  
Alison F Hinckley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Low Incidence

Abstract Background Lyme disease (LD) is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and is a significant public health problem. The use of non-standard antibiotic treatment regimens for LD has been associated with adverse effects; however, the overall landscape of treatment has not been described previously. We aimed to describe real-world antibiotic prescribing patterns for LD. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the MarketScan commercial claims database of outpatient encounters from 2016-2018 in the United States. We identified all individuals with a visit that included an LD diagnosis code and a prescription within 30 days of the visit for one or more of 12 antibiotics that may be prescribed for LD. We then categorized each individual as having received either standard or non-standard treatment during the two-year period. Standard treatment was defined as treatment with a first, second or third-line antibiotic for LD, for no longer than 30 days, and for no more than two episodes during the study period. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were performed to compare characteristics of people who received standard vs non-standard treatment for LD. Results A total of 84,769 prescriptions met criteria for inclusion, written for 45,926 unique patients. The mean duration of prescriptions was 21.4 days (SD 10.8). Most individuals (84.5%) treated for LD received standard treatment during the study period. Female gender (OR 1.5, p< 0.0001) and age 19-45 (p=0.0003) were significantly associated with being prescribed non-standard LD treatment. Treatment in low-incidence states (OR 2.2 compared to high-incidence states, p< 0.0001) and during non-summer months (OR 2.2, p< 0.0001) was more likely to be non-standard. Age distribution of patients receiving treatment for Lyme disease, by gender and age at first prescription Seasonality of standard versus non-standard treatment of Lyme disease Conclusion In this population of employed, young, and insured patients, young and middle-aged women were at the highest risk of receiving non-standard LD treatment. Treatments prescribed in states with low incidence of LD or during non-summer months were also more likely to be non-standard, a trend which likely reflects misdiagnosis or overtreatment of LD. Future studies are needed to further define prescriber and patient factors associated with non-standard LD treatment and related adverse outcomes. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Stemming the Tide of Suicide in Older White Men: A Call to Action

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Schmutte ◽  
Maria O'Connell ◽  
Melissa Weiland ◽  
Samuel Lawless ◽  
Larry Davidson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
National Crisis ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Past Half Century

Preventing suicide has been identified as a national priority by recent commissions in the United States. Despite increased awareness of suicide as a public health problem, suicide in older adults remains a neglected topic in prevention strategies and research. This is especially true regarding elderly White men, who in terms of suicide rates have represented the most at-risk age group for the past half century. In light of the unprecedented aging of the United States as the baby boom generation enters late adulthood, suicide prevention initiatives that focus on aging males are needed to prevent a national crisis in geriatric mental health. This article provides a brief review of the perennially under-recognized reality of suicide in older men and prevention strategies that, if implemented, might help stem this rising tide of suicide in this vulnerable population.

Diversifying forest communities may change Lyme disease risk: extra dimension to the dilution effect in Europe

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 1310-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANNE C. RUYTS ◽  
EVY AMPOORTER ◽  
ELENA C. COIPAN ◽  
LANDER BAETEN ◽  
DIETER HEYLEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Host Diversity ◽  
Pine Stands

SUMMARYLyme disease is caused by bacteria of theBorrelia burgdorferigenospecies complex and transmitted by Ixodid ticks. In North America only one pathogenic genospecies occurs, in Europe there are several. According to the dilution effect hypothesis (DEH), formulated in North America, nymphal infection prevalence (NIP) decreases with increasing host diversity since host species differ in transmission potential. We analysedBorreliainfection in nymphs from 94 forest stands in Belgium, which are part of a diversification gradient with a supposedly related increasing host diversity: from pine stands without to oak stands with a shrub layer. We expected changing tree species and forest structure to increase host diversity and decrease NIP. In contrast with the DEH, NIP did not differ between different forest types. Genospecies diversity however, and presumably also host diversity, was higher in oak than in pine stands. Infected nymphs tended to harbourBorrelia afzeliiinfection more often in pine stands whileBorrelia gariniiandBorrelia burgdorferiss. infection appeared to be more prevalent in oak stands. This has important health consequences, since the latter two cause more severe disease manifestations. We show that the DEH must be nuanced for Europe and should consider the response of multiple pathogenic genospecies.

scholarly journals Healthy People 2020 Objectives for Violence Prevention and the Role of Nursing

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Simon ◽  
Kimberly Hurvitz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Healthy People 2020

Violence, including child maltreatment, youth violence, intimate partner violence, and sexual violence, is a significant public health problem in the United States. A public health approach can help providers understand the health burden from violence, evaluate evidence for prevention strategies, and learn where to turn for information about planning and implementing prevention strategies for this preventable problem. For the past three decades, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has published “Healthy People” objectives for the next decade. The Healthy People 2020 initiative includes 13 measurable objectives related to violence prevention, one of which was selected as a Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicator. Progress to achieve these objectives can save thousands of lives, reduce the suffering of victims and their families, and decrease financial cost to the law enforcement and healthcare systems. The role that nurses can and do play in violence prevention is critical and extends beyond just caring for victims to also include preventing violence before it happens. This article summarizes the violence prevention objectives in Healthy People 2020 and the resources for prevention available to support nurses and others as they move prevention efforts forward in communities to stop violence before it starts.

Recent Epidemiology of Group A Streptococcal Infections in North America and Abroad: An Overview

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-948
Author(s):  
Edward L. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
North America ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Superficial Skin ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The 1960S

Feared for centuries as a major cause of infection-associated morbidity and mortality among infants, children, and adults, infections caused by the Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) and the associated public health problems declined remarkably by the close of the decade of the 1960s. Rather than hospitals being filled with children and adults with rheumatic heart disease or with suppurative sequelae such as mastoiditis, serious Group A streptococcal infections and their sequelae declined to the point where they have almost been considered a "nuisance". There have been relatively rare instances of surgical infections and there have been infrequent epidemics of pharyngitis. However, in North America, Europe, and most of the industrialized countries of Asia, epidemics of serious Group A infections and their sequelae essentially are unheard of. These infections and their suppurative and nonsuppurative sequelae have been much more of a medical and public health problem in many of the developing countries of the world, where few significant changes in their epidemiologic patterns have been evident. The primary manifestations of Group A streptococcal infections have been pharyngitis and superficial skin infections (impetigo) for most industrialized countries. During the past 10 years, however, this has changed remarkably. Serious Group A infections and their suppurative and nonsuppurative sequelae have re-emerged as significant problems for physicians and for public health authorities. For example, mortality has been greater than 30% in some reported series. This fact has placed increasing pressure on primary care physicians to appropriately diagnose and treat these infections. Understanding the epidemiology can beneficially impact patient care and public health policies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document