Tick control: an industry point of view

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (S1) ◽  
pp. S427-S442 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. GRAF ◽  
R. GOGOLEWSKI ◽  
N. LEACH-BING ◽  
G. A. SABATINI ◽  
M. B. MOLENTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Real Possibility ◽  
Expensive Process ◽  
Consultative Group

The development of new acaricides is a long and very expensive process. Worryingly, there is increasing resistance to available acaricides worldwide leading to the real possibility that our dwindling supply of effective acaricides will be exhausted unless action is taken to increase the number of new acaricidal products and reduce the rate of resistance development. In 1995, eight major animal health pharmaceutical companies formed the Veterinary Parasite Resistance Group (VPRG) to act as an expert consultative group to guide the FAO in resistance management and collaborate in the prudent use of acaricides. In this paper, members of the VPRG discuss the problems and processes in acaricide development, resistance in the field to commonly used acaricides and the different considerations when targeting the cattle and pet market, and give their view of the future for tick control from the perspective of the animal health industry.

Prevention and Detection of Fungicide Resistance Development in Rhizoctonia zeae from Soybean and Corn in Nebraska

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Gambhir ◽  
Srikanth Kodati ◽  
Matthew Huff ◽  
Flávio Silva ◽  
Olutoyosi Ajayi-Oyetunde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Rhizoctonia Zeae

The goal of this research was to advance the foundational knowledge required to quantify and mitigate fungicide resistance in Rhizoctonia zeae, the seedling disease pathogen of soybean and corn. In vitro sensitivity to azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, sedaxane, and/or prothioconazole was determined for 91 R. zeae isolates obtained mostly from soybean and corn fields in Nebraska. Isolates were sensitive to fludioxonil, sedaxane, and prothioconazole (EC50 < 3 µg/ml) and had a positively skewed EC50 distribution. Isolates were not sensitive to azoxystrobin in vitro (EC50 > 100 µg/ml) or in planta. Application of azoxystrobin did not significantly decrease disease severity or improve total dry weight of the soybean plants (P > 0.05). The risk of resistance development in R. zeae was estimated by characterizing its population structure. Eighty-one R. zeae isolates were genotyped using six microsatellite markers. Results showed that the population has a mixed mode of reproduction and is structured according to geographic region, suggesting limited dispersal. These population characteristics suggest that R. zeae has an intermediate risk of resistance development. Overall, this research established the current status of fungicide sensitivity in R. zeae in Nebraska and estimated its risk of resistance development, which can inform fungicide resistance management for R. zeae.

scholarly journals Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide resistance prevention strategy

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. McKay ◽  
G.C. Hagerty ◽  
G.B. Follas ◽  
M.S. Moore ◽  
M.S. Christie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Action Committee ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are currently represented in New Zealand by eight active ingredients bixafen boscalid carboxin fluaxapyroxad fluopyram isopyrazam penthiopyrad and sedaxane They are either currently registered or undergoing development in New Zealand for use against a range of ascomycete and basiodiomycete pathogens in crops including cereals ryegrass seed apples pears grapes stonefruit cucurbits and kiwifruit These fungicides are considered to have medium to high risk of resistance development and resistance management is recommended by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) in Europe Guidelines are presented for use of SDHI fungicides in New Zealand to help avoid or delay the development of resistance in the fungal pathogens that they target

scholarly journals Managing Insecticide and Miticide Resistance in Florida Landscapes

EDIS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen A. Buss ◽  
James F. Price ◽  
Elzie McCord ◽  
Curtis Nagle
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Development And Management

ENY-824, a 10-page fact sheet by Eileen A. Buss, James F. Price, Elzie McCord, and Curtis Nagle, encourages landscape managers in Florida to implement resistance management practices. It provides definitions, discussions of resistance development and management, and the use of mixtures, rotations, and mosaics as strategies. Includes references and tables showing the mode of action of insecticides and miticides. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, July 2007. ENY-842/IN714: Managing Insecticide and Miticide Resistance in Florida Landscapes (ufl.edu)

Bibliometric Analysis of Scientific Production Related to Tick Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Luana Brito Oliveira ◽  
Suzana Leitão Russo
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Great Relevance

Ticks are distributed all over the world and significantly affect human and animal health. Increasing public health concern with tick borne diseases requires the strategic control of ticks in animals that transmit diseases to humans. The aim of this article is to present a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production related to tick control, using bibliometrics as an instrument of analysis to measure scientific activity. To identify the studies , a search was made on four Scopus databases, Web of Science, Medline / Pubmed and Science Direct. Of 1764 publications, only 480 were analyzed after the exclusion of certain productions according to previously defined criteria. It was pointed out that the identified studies have great relevance for the control of ticks, considering that scientific publications are important markers of the activity of production and development of the field of knowledge.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical sponsorship of educational events: what can we learn from healthcare ethics?

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Vassilas ◽  
Sarah Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Healthcare Ethics ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
The Uk

In the UK, postgraduate medical educational events are commonly sponsored by pharmaceutical companies, often with the provision of food and gifts with a small monetary value (e.g. pens and torches). The involvement of pharmaceutical companies with doctors has been discussed extensively (Abbasi & Smith, 2003; Shooter, 2005). We have chosen to consider sponsorship of educational events from an ethical point of view in order to see if this approach can provide guidance for a situation that is the norm in many hospitals, but of increasing concern to educationalists. We also hope to illustrate how the application of ethical principles can be applied to a medical education issue.

scholarly journals Vaccination policy in Italy: An update

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Crenna ◽  
Antonio Osculati ◽  
Silvia D. Visonà
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Administrative Sanctions

The effective control of vaccine-preventable diseases generally requires indefinite maintenance of extremely high rates of timely vaccination. Therefore, vaccine hesitancy is of paramount importance and needs to be addressed. In Italy, regulations about vaccinations are controversial and, to some extent, inconsistent. Even though the childhood vaccinations are mandatory by law (Italian Law n. 891/1939, n. 292/1963, n.51/1966 and n. 165/1991), the limited deterrent effectiveness of the sanctioning system, and the changes introduced by the Italian Constitutional Law n. 3/2001 (devolution of almost all the competences and responsibilities in health matters to the Regions and the Autonomous Provinces), were the fertile ground in which new vaccine policies were generated and developed, radically different from the existing ones: many Regions, based on what was decided in 2005 - on an experimental basis - by the State-Regions Conference, decided to abolish the vaccination obligation and/or to stop the imposition of administrative sanctions on non-compliant parents. In addition, since then, there is a worrying tendency to decline vaccinations due to the parents’ mistrust in pharmaceutical companies and health policies. Therefore, recently, the Italian government decided to deploy an emergency ordinance (Italian Decree Law n. 73/2017). In this article, the authors are going to illustrate the current situation in Italy concerning vaccination policy, from a legislative and social point of view.

scholarly journals Comparison of Defined Course Doses (DCDvet) for Blanket and Selective Antimicrobial Dry Cow Therapy on Conventional and Organic Farms

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clair Firth ◽  
Annemarie Käsbohrer ◽  
Christa Egger-Danner ◽  
Klemens Fuchs ◽  
Beate Pinior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Dry Cow Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Antimicrobial use in livestock production is a controversial subject. While antimicrobials should be used as little as possible, it is still necessary, from both an animal health and welfare point of view, to treat infected animals. The study presented here aimed to analyse antimicrobial use on Austrian dairy farms by calculating the number of Defined Course Doses (DCDvet) administered per cow and year for dry cow therapy. Antimicrobial use was analysed by production system and whether farmers stated that they used blanket dry cow therapy (i.e., all cows in the herd were treated) or selective dry cow therapy (i.e., only cows with a positive bacteriological culture or current/recent history of udder disease were treated). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was determined between antimicrobial use for blanket (median DCDvet/cow/year: 0.88) and selective dry cow therapy (median DCDvet/cow/year: 0.41). The difference between antimicrobial use on conventional and organic farms for dry cow therapy as a whole, however, was not statistically significant (p = 0.22) (median DCDvet/cow/year: 0.68 for conventional; 0.53 for organic farms). This analysis demonstrates that selective dry cow therapy leads to a lower overall use of antimicrobials and can assist in a more prudent use of antimicrobials on dairy farms.

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementation with Antioxidants on the Quality of Bovine Milk and Meat Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Castillo ◽  
Víctor Pereira ◽  
Ángel Abuelo ◽  
Joaquín Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Transition Cow

From a clinical point of view, oxidative stress (OS) is considered the primary cause of numerous metabolic processes intransition cow.Thus, the addition of antioxidants has been considered a palliative or preventive treatment. But beyond the clinical perspective, antioxidant supplementation provides an added value to the product obtained being either milk or meat. This paper reviews the beneficial aspects that provide antioxidant supplementation on quality of both products and that fit into the new concept that the consumer has a functional and healthy food. Our approach is from a veterinary standpoint, by reviewing the studies conducted to date and the new perspectives that are interesting and need to be studied in the following years. One of the highlights is that sustainable farming, one in which production is combined with animal health, also impacts positively on the quality of the final products, with beneficial antioxidant properties to human health.

scholarly journals A questionnaire survey of perceptions and preventive measures related to animal health amongst cattle owners of rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
U.W. Hesterberg ◽  
R. Bagnall ◽  
K. Perrett ◽  
R. Horner ◽  
B. Gummow
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
And Control

A questionnaire survey of 315 cattle owners from the rural districts of KwaZulu-Natal was carried out. The aim of the survey was to improve our understanding of local farmers' perceptions and practices of animal disease prevention and control and to establish the extent of their relationship with veterinary services. The survey showed that many owners practice preventive measures such as deworming, tick control and vaccination. Traditional medicines were in use by over half the respondents (58.9 %). Diseases are regarded as an important management problem (56.1 %); ticks, worms and diarrhoea dominated the mentioned health problems in cattle. Veterinary services still play an important role and are a frequent source of advice to owners. The findings of the survey and their context are discussed.

scholarly journals Assessment of insecticides and Cry2AB toxin resistance development in Karnataka population of Plutella xylostella (Linn.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1380-1387
Author(s):  
V. Sunitha ◽  
T. V. K. Singh ◽  
V. Ramesh Babu ◽  
J. Satyanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Toxin Resistance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Cry Toxin ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Insecticidal resistance studies against third instar larvae of DBM (Plutella xylostella L.) were carried out to know the rate of development of resistance from F1 to F3 generations in Karnataka population. The third instar larvae obtained from field were subjected to bioassay studies with tested against acephate, cypermethrin, spinosad, cartap hydrochloride and Cry2Ab toxin using leaf dip method to calculate LC50 values. The LC50 values of the insecticides were further used to quantify the resistance in P. xylostella of parental generation (F0) from Karnataka field population. The survivals from F0 generation were reared to next generation (F1). Resistance development studies was assessed from F1 to F3 generation with third instar larvae in every generation with a concentration that caused 80.00 % mortality for all the test insecticides and Cry2Ab toxin. Results revealed that ((0.17 folds) no resistance was developed against acephate in F3 generation. In case of cypermethrin 2.33 folds. Resistance studies further revealed that 1.50 folds resistance was developed against spinosad, 2.28 folds against cartap hydrochloride and Cry2Ab toxin 1.49 folds resistance was recorded in F3 generation. The rate of development of resistance from F1 to F3 generations increased in all the test insecticides and Cry toxin, except against acephate in Karnataka population. This data will be useful in the development of insecticide resistance management approach for DBM.

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