Social support, dementia and depression among the elderly living in the Hobart community

SynopsisIn a community sample of the elderly (N = 274) in Hobart, Tasmania, cases of dementia and depression were ascertained by the Canberra Geriatric Mental State and the Mini Mental State Examination. Social relationships and support were examined by means of the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction. The elderly had fewer social relationships than younger adults, but were more content with what they did have. Elderly women had more affectional ties than elderly men. The presence of offspring in the same town increased the number of close ties and of social relationships, but was more important for men than for women. Persons with cognitive impairment or an established dementia reported that they had less social interaction than they would like. Depressed subjects reported having markedly less social interaction than the mentally healthy elderly, but did not complain that it was too little. This study provides a systematic description of the social environment of the elderly, both in mental health and in states of depression or impaired cognition.

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Social Interaction in Public Spaces and Well-Being among Elderly Women: Towards Age-Friendly Urban Environments

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020746 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 746

Author(s):

Yingyi Zhang ◽

Ge Chen ◽

Yue He ◽

Xinyue Jiang ◽

Caiying Xue

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Public Space ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Well Being ◽

The Elderly ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Urban Environments ◽

The Social

The world’s population is aging and becoming more urbanized. Public space in urban areas is vital for improving the health of the elderly by stimulating social interaction. Many urban design projects are advertised as age-friendly but ignore the real needs of the elderly, especially elderly women, for social interaction in urban public spaces. Insufficient attention is paid to the physical and psychological characteristics of elderly women when shaping public space. This analysis addresses the question: What are the qualities of urban spaces which facilitate health-improving social interaction for elderly women? Methods include a case study in Beijing, field investigation, mapping, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. The survey was carried out in April 2021, and concerned 240 women aged 55–75 years. Results indicate that the social interactions of older women relate to both their physical and psychological situations. Public spaces can positively impact the psychological well-being and social participation of elderly women. Conclusions include insights regarding the relationship between social interaction and well-being among elderly women, as well as proposing a series of principles for shaping public spaces for an age-friendly urban environment.

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Education does not equally influence all the Mini Mental State Examination subscales and items: inferences from a Brazilian community sample

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462010005000009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 223-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jerson Laks ◽

Evandro Silva Freire Coutinho ◽

Washington Junger ◽

Heitor Silveira ◽

Raphael Mouta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental State ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Community Sample ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Delayed Recall ◽

Functional Activities ◽

Key Factor ◽

Z Scores ◽

The Impact ◽

State Examination

OBJECTIVE: Mini-Mental State Examination cutoffs have been presented for schooling levels to screen cognitive impairment. However, items may behave differently with regards to education. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of education on MMSE subscales and items. METHOD: Community-dwelling participants aged 65 years or more (n = 990, females = 637, age = 74.1 years, range 65-108) were stratified as illiterate (n = 373), 1-8 (n = 540), 9-12 (n = 63), and more than 12 years of schooling (n = 14) and were screened with MMSE and Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire. To make the Mini-Mental State Examination items comparable, each item was transformed into z scores. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the effect of schooling on MMSE subs and items controlling for age, sex, and activities of daily life. RESULTS: Temporal and space orientation, attention/calculation, repetition, reading, writing, and drawing scores improved as education increased, but not memory registration, three step command, and naming. Reading and writing displayed the largest coefficients, whereas education exerted no influence on naming and three step command tasks. CONCLUSION: Education does not exert an important effect on naming, three step command, memory registration, and delayed recall. As memory is a key factor for diagnosing dementia, these items could be considered despite education.

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Age and mini-mental state examination score can predict poor-quality spirometry in the elderly: a cross-sectional study

Clinics ◽

10.6061/clinics/2018/e374 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RS Queiroz ◽

LM Faria ◽

JA Carneiro ◽

RS Coqueiro ◽

MH Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Mental State ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Examination Score ◽

State Examination

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DALE ESA

KRITIS ◽

10.24246/kritis.v27i1p35-56 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 35-56

Author(s):

Jos Josia Beeh ◽

Sri Suwartiningsih ◽

Elly Esra Kudubun

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Social Network ◽

Social Interaction ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Social Norm ◽

Daily Life ◽

Mutual Cooperation ◽

The Social ◽

The Village ◽

Birth Death

The village Bokonusan is the location on the Semau Island and the district of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Norma and refers to the contructual obligations between members of society in accordance with the rules of the costums, trust that refer to expectation and goals together in building in accordance with the values of mutual cooperation of solidarity of the community. As for the porpouse of research to, give me a description of application of the local Dale Esa in the life together in the village Bokonusan, as well as explain the elements of what is contained in the wisdom of Dale Esa as social capital in communities Bokonusan village. The method used is a qualitatve and approach to the contructivism oh the research descriptive aksplanative. Interwoven ily tradition, a marriege, birth, death, a new garden work (teh management of the land) and conflic resolution. The application of valeu to keep in daily life as from of social interaction. In the wisdom of Dale Esa the cooperation between the community refers to social relationships between societies so that, the social network, the obligation, prohibition, the rigth have, between members of the community to help each other as a from social norm, the emergance of the hope and goals together to build together as result the trust.

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SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP OF MAIN CHARACTER IN ROWLING’S FANTASTIC BEAST AND WHERE TO FIND THEM

Research and Innovation in Language Learning ◽

10.33603/rill.v2i2.2074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Euis Meinawati ◽

Herlin Widasiwi Setianingrum ◽

Jimmi Jimmi ◽

Eggi Winata

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Social Relationship ◽

Main Character ◽

The Social ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Descriptive Method ◽

Interaction Phenomena ◽

Interaction Phenomenon

The purpose of this research was to know the social relationship through Sorokin's theory. This research was done through a film titled Fantastic Beast and Where to Find Them which was released in 2016 ago. The data was taken from the utterance of character dialogue through documentation, the process of watching, and post watches the film. The method of research used a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study indicated that: (1.) Knowing the types of social relationships: Social interaction phenomena, non-social interaction phenomena in the film based on Sorokin’s theory, (2.) Getting 7 data about a social relationship were: three data about social interaction phenomena conceptual social interaction phenomena by a human in friendship, social interaction phenomenon by a human in ethnic, social interaction phenomenon in helping the economy, (3.) Obtained seven data also for sub-chapter cause and effect using Tsapeli's theory as it was basic theory

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The Elderly Expectations of the Caregiver’s Sociodemographic Preferences: a Qualitative Approach

Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) ◽

10.29313/gmhc.v7i2.4653 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sharon Gondodiputro ◽

Dahlia Santika Hutasoit ◽

Lina Rahmiati

Keyword(s):

Mental State ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Family Members ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Issues ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Community Volunteer ◽

The Family ◽

Interview Guide ◽

State Examination

Prevalence of chronic diseases and disability will increase at the advancing age. In the future, the need for the caregiver will increase. Only few studies about the expectations of the elderly towards the sociodemographics status of the caregiver found. Unfulfilled expectations of the elderly towards their caregivers may cause both health and non-health issues. The purpose of this study was to explore the elderly expectations of the caregiver’s sociodemographic preferences. A qualitative study was carried out to 7 elderly aged 64–77 years old from July to August 2018 in Bandung city. These elderly selected from 7 integrated care posts (pos pembinaan terpadu/posbindu) that met the inclusion criteria: aged 60 years old and above; male or female; capable of communicating adeptly, and no dementia by undergoing the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). A one-on-one interview was conducted at the residence of the elderly using an interview guide consisted of several opened questions related to the caregiver’s sociodemographic preferences. A content analysis was carried out. This study discovered that the elderly preferred their family members or relatives whom they can trust to become their caregivers (their children and grandchildren). Most of these elderly also preferred daughters who live with them and has a decent income. If the family members could not become their caregiver then their neighbor or a community volunteer/cadre, they knew well, and trust to be their caregiver. It concluded that the elderly prefer their daughters who live with them and has a decent income to be their caregivers. EKSPEKTASI USIA LANJUT TERHADAP STATUS SOSIODEMOGRAFI CAREGIVER: SUATU PENDEKATAN KUALITATIFPrevalensi penyakit kronis dan disablilitas akan meningkat dengan pertambahan usia. Hal ini berdampak pada kebutuhan terhadap caregiver akan meningkat pula. Penelitian tentang ekspektasi usia lanjut terhadap status sosiodemografi caregiver belum banyak dilakukan. Ekspektasi usia lanjut merupakan faktor penting karena bila ekspektasi tersebut tidak terpenuhi maka akan berisiko timbul masalah kesehatan dan nonkesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengeksplorasi ekspektasi usia lanjut terhadap status sosiodemografi caregiver. Studi kualitatif dilakukan terhadap 7 orang usia lanjut berusia 64–77 tahun pada Juli hingga Agustus 2018 di Kota Bandung. Para usia lanjut berasal dari 7 pos pembinaan terpadu (posbindu) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, yaitu usia ≥60 tahun, laki-laki atau perempuan, dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik, dan tidak demensia dengan dilakukan mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Wawancara dilakukan di kediaman informan masing-masing menggunakan panduan wawancara terkait pertanyaan dengan preferensi sosiodemografi caregiver. Analisis konten dilakukan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa usia lanjut lebih memilih anggota keluarga mereka yang dapat dipercaya untuk menjadi caregiver terutama anak dan cucu. Anak perempuan yang tinggal bersama usia lanjut dan memiliki penghasilan layak menjadi pilihan utama. Jika anggota keluarga tidak dapat menjadi caregiver maka tetangga atau kader yang mereka kenal baik dan dipercaya menjadi pilihan. Simpulan, pilihan utama caregiver bagi usia lanjut, yaitu anak perempuan mereka yang tinggal bersama dan memiliki penghasilan layak.

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P2-149: The Mini-Mental State Examination gradient in community healthy elderly subjects, mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.1196 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. S357-S357

Author(s):

Lívia G. Rodrigues ◽

Ana Luiza Camozzato ◽

Renata Kochhann ◽

Claudia Godinho ◽

Maria Otilia Cerveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mental State ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Mild Dementia ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

State Examination ◽

Healthy Elderly Subjects

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Educational level differences on the Mini-Mental State: the role of test bias

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700008424 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 727-731 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

A. F. Jorm ◽

R. Scott ◽

A. S. Henderson ◽

D. W. K. Kay

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Elderly People ◽

Mental State ◽

Educational Level ◽

Mini Mental State Examination ◽

Community Sample ◽

Test Bias ◽

Level Difference ◽

State Examination

SynopsisLess educated elderly people are commonly found to perform more poorly on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). This educational level difference has been attributed by some research workers to test bias. To assess whether the MMSE is biased against the poorly educated, its validity was assessed separately in the more- and less-educated members of a community sample. No evidence was found to indicate that the test is a biased measure of cognitive impairment.

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Interpersonal Considerations and Judgements in a Day Hospital

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.117.539.397 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 117 (539) ◽

pp. 397-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. S. Ferguson ◽

M. W. P. Carney

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Social Relationships ◽

Therapeutic Process ◽

Point Of View ◽

Professional Worker ◽

The Social ◽

Intellectual Skills ◽

Operational Range ◽

The Relationship

There is a body of opinion which regards psychiatrically ill individuals, or at least one great class or subdivision of them, as suffering primarily from disturbances in personal relationships and social interaction processes generally. Sullivan, Horney and Fromm have made the most significant theoretical contributions to this subject, and empirical applications have been reported by Balint (1957), Maxwell Jones (1968), Rapoport (1960) and Laing (1961). These writers have at least this in common, that they take the point of view that since the pathology of the illness lies in social relationships the fundamental treatment process must lie there also—must, in fact, consist of re-experiencing social interaction within a therapeutic re-educative framework. In the past attention has been directed principally to the doctor-patient relationship as a heuristic model of social interaction, but Rapoport has extended the operational range of significant interaction to include all staff-patient, staff-staff and patient-patient encounters. As the recent Subcommittee of the Central Health Services Council has pointed out (1968), little has been written of the nurse as therapist, but a considerable literature has accumulated concerning the role of the social worker or caseworker or counsellor (e.g. Halmos, 1965). Halmos investigates the nature of such relationships, and finds therapeutic utility to be unrelated to intellectual skills. The therapeutic process is adjudged to lie in the relationship, true enough, but the essential qualities have more to do with the interpersonal styles of the therapist, than with his analytical expertise. Such is his conclusion. Apparently social skills are necessary for the professional worker, but intellectual skills for the problems to be unravelled are of little importance, and are largely irrelevant.

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