Cognitive decline in an elderly population – a two wave study of change

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Brayne ◽  
C. Gill ◽  
E. S. Paykel ◽  
F. Huppert ◽  
D. W. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Physical Impairment ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
State Examination ◽  
The Continuum

SYNOPSISA sample of 1111 survivors from a population aged 75 years and over completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) twice, separated by 28 months on average. There was a mean decline of 1·3 points in MMSE score. With increasing age, mean drop in score also increased. The proportion at each age identified as newly cognitively impaired according to any standard cut-point on MMSE rose markedly. Mean decline was greater in women than men even after adjustment for age. Cognitive change on the MMSE was approximately unimodally and normally distributed. This distribution was a marked contrast to the distribution of MMSE scores themselves, which was skewed due to truncation of scores at the maximum. The decline was not due to the inclusion of individuals with physical impairment. These findings indicate that cognitive decline, like dementia, becomes increasingly common with advancing age, and suggest that dementia may be regarded as one extreme of the continuum of cognitive decline.

Do cognitive complaints either predict future cognitive decline or reflect past cognitive decline? A longitudinal study of an elderly community sample

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. JORM ◽  
H. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
A. E. KORTEN ◽  
A. S. HENDERSON ◽  
P. A. JACOMB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
State Examination

Data from a two-wave longitudinal study of an elderly community sample were used to assess whether cognitive complaints either predict subsequent cognitive decline or reflect past cognitive decline. Cognitive complaints and cognitive functioning were assessed on two occasions three and a half years apart. Cognitive complaints at Wave 1 were found not to predict future cognitive change on the Mini-Mental State Examination, an episodic memory test or a test of mental speed. Similarly, cognitive complaints at Wave 2 were unrelated to past cognitive changes on these tests after statistically controlling for the effects of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, cognitive complaints did not predict either mortality (after controlling for anxiety and depression) or future dementia. These results are evidence against the inclusion of cognitive complaints in diagnostic criteria for proposed disorders such as age-associated memory impairment, mild cognitive disorder and ageing-associated cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Lobar microbleeds are associated with cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nakamori ◽  
Naohisa Hosomi ◽  
Keisuke Tachiyama ◽  
Teppei Kamimura ◽  
Hayato Matsushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Lacunar Infarction ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Periventricular Hyperintensity

Abstract Associations between cognitive decline and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) have received increasing attention. An association between CMB distribution (deep or lobar) and cognitive decline has been reported, but these findings are controversial. We investigated the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, including CMBs, and cognitive function in patients with first-ever lacunar infarction. We retrospectively included consecutive patients admitted with first-ever lacunar infarction identified by MRI from July 1, 2011, to December 31, 2018. We excluded patients diagnosed with dementia, including strategic single-infarct dementia, before or after the onset of stroke. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed within 3 days of admission. We searched the records of 273 patients (age 72.0 ± 11.2 years, 95 females). The median MMSE score was 27 (interquartile range 25.5–29). In a univariate analysis, the MMSE score was associated with age, body mass index (BMI), education, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), periventricular hyperintensity, medial temporal atrophy, lobar CMBs, and mixed CMBs (p < 0.20). The lacunar infarction location was not associated with the MMSE score. In a multivariate analysis of these factors, lobar CMBs (p < 0.001) and mixed CMBs (p = 0.008) were independently associated with the MMSE score. Lobar CMBs were associated with cognitive impairment.

Tracking Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease Using the Mini-Mental State Examination: A Meta-Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Han ◽  
Martin Cole ◽  
Francois Bellavance ◽  
Jane McCusker ◽  
Francois Primeau
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Study Population ◽  
State Examination

Objectives: To estimate the annual rate of change scores (ARC) on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to identify study or population characteristics that may affect the ARC estimation. Methods: MEDLINE was searched for articles published from January 1981 to November 1997 using the following keywords: AD and longitudinal study or prognosis or cognitive decline. The bibliographies of review articles and relevant papers were searched for additional references. All retrieved articles were screened to meet the following inclusion criteria: (a) original study; (b) addressed cognitive decline or prognosis or course of AD; (c) published in English; (d) study population included AD patients with ascertainable sample size; (e) used either clinical or pathological diagnostic criteria; (f) longitudinal study design; and (g) used the MMSE as one of the outcome measures. Data were systematically abstracted from the included studies, and a random effects regression model was employed to synthesize relevant data across studies and to evaluate the effects of study methodology on ARC estimation and its effect size. Results: Of the 439 studies screened, 43 met all the inclusion criteria. After 6 studies with inadequate or overlapping data were excluded, 37 studies involving 3,492 AD patients followed over an average of 2 years were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of ARC was 3.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.9-3.7). The observed variability in ARC across studies could not be explained with the covariates we studied, whereas part of the variability in the effect size of ARC could be explained by the minimum MMSE score at entry and number of assessments. Conclusions: A pooled average estimate of ARC in AD patients was 3.3 points (95% CI: 2.9-3.7) on the MMSE. Significant heterogeneity of ARC estimates existed across the studies and cannot be explained by the study or population characteristics investigated. Effect size of ARC was related to the initial MMSE score of the study population and the number of assessments.

scholarly journals Trajectories of cognitive decline over 10 years in a Brazilian elderly population: the Bambuí cohort study of aging

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. s345-s350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erico Castro-Costa ◽  
Michael E. Dewey ◽  
Elizabeth Uchôa ◽  
Josélia O. A. Firmo ◽  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Cognitive Trajectory ◽  
Using Data ◽  
State Examination

Few population-based studies have examined long term cognitive trajectory, and these studies were conducted in high income countries. We investigated the association of age, gender and education with 10-year cognitive trajectory in a well-defined population of elderly using data from the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging, in Brazil. Cognition was measured using the Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cohort members underwent annual follow-ups. This analysis was based on 12,206 MMSE measurements from 1,461 (91%) baseline participants. We used mixed effects models to study MMSE as outcome. The key findings from this analysis are that women and people with a higher schooling level at baseline had high scores of MMSE, while older participants started off lower. Regarding cognitive decline, women, older people and those with a higher schooling level declined faster.

scholarly journals Study of cognitive functions in major idiopathic interstitial pneumonias

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed W. Zakaria ◽  
Reem I. El-Korashy ◽  
Mostafa O. Shaheen ◽  
Samah Selim ◽  
Kwashi J. Amum
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Impaired Lung Function ◽  
State Examination

Abstract Background Cognitive dysfunction in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is an important clinical co-morbidity that is associated with impaired lung function. The aim of the work is to assess cognitive function in major IIP and to find out the relation between cognitive dysfunction and the oxygenation parameters. Results Fifty individuals were involved in the study; 30 patients with major IIP and 20 healthy individuals. Patients with IIP had significantly lower mini mental state examination (MMSE) score compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Wechsler Deterioration Index (WDI) revealed that 33.3% (n = 10) of the patients with IIP had sure cognitive impairment and 26.6% (n = 8) had ongoing cognitive deterioration. Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) had lower cognitive function than other IIP. Conclusion There is an impairment of cognitive function in patients with major IIP, particularly in IPF, as measured by WDI and MMSE. Further large studies are needed to assess the possible predictors of cognitive impairment and their effects on the patients’ outcome.

Disruptive Vocalization and Depression in Older Nursing Home Residents

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dwyer ◽  
Gerard J. A. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Age And Sex

Screaming and other types of disruptive vocalization are commonly observed among nursing home residents. Depressive symptoms are also frequently seen in this group, although the relationship between disruptive vocalization and depressive symptoms is unclear. Accordingly, we sought to examine this relationship in older nursing home residents. We undertook a controlled comparison of 41 vocally disruptive nursing home residents and 43 non-vocally-disruptive nursing home residents. All participants were selected to have Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of at least 10. Participants had a mean age of 81.0 years (range 63-97 years) and had a mean MMSE score of 17.8 (range 10-29). Nurse ratings of disruptive vocalization according to a semioperationalized definition were validated against the noisy behavior subscale of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. Subjects were independently rated for depressive symptoms by a psychiatrist using the Dementia Mood Assessment Scale, the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, and the Depressive Signs Scale. Vocally disruptive nursing home residents scored significantly higher than controls on each of these three depresion-in-dementia scales. These differences remained significant when the effects of possible confounding variables of cognitive impairment, age, and sex were removed. We conclude that depressive symptoms are associated with disruptive vocalization and may have an etiological role in the generation of disruptive vocalization behaviors in elderly nursing home residents.

Apolipoprotein E, Cognitive Function, and Dementia in a General Population Aged 85 Years and Over

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kati Juva ◽  
Auli Verkkoniemi ◽  
Petteri Viramo ◽  
Tuomo Polvikoski ◽  
Katariina Kainulainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Ε4 Allele ◽  
Very Old Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Apo E Genotype ◽  
State Examination

We examined 510 subjects representing 83.2% of all citizens of a Finnish city aged 85 years or over. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, diagnosis of dementia by DSM-III-R criteria, and Apo-E genotype were determined. The prevalence of dementia was 38.6%. The odds ratio (OR) of the Apo-E ε4 carriers (with the reference population of people with the genotype ε3/ε3) for dementia was 2.36 (95% CI 1.58–3.58). There was a significant sex difference: The OR in women was 3.23 (95% CI 2.02–5.17) whereas among men it was insignificant. The mean MMSE score (± SD) among the Apo-E ε4 carriers (15.0 ± 10.0) and noncarriers (18.7 ± 8.6) (p < .001) differed among the whole population, but not within the demented or nondemented subjects analyzed separately. This study does not support the hypothesis that the Apo-E ε4 allele impairs cognitive functions of nondemented elderly, at least in those surviving to very old age.

Serum Level of Alkaline Phosphatase Correlates Negatively with Mini-Mental State Examination Score in the Very Elderly of Ashikaga City: Part of the Results of the Ashikaga Longevity Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Yamakado
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
State Examination

Objective: An important medical issue in both Japan and Ashikaga City is how to extend healthy life expectancy. To determine factors associated with healthy life expectancy, we established a joint study between Ashikaga City and the Ashikaga University Faculty of Nursing called the Ashikaga Longevity Study, using new biomarkers such as Diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) tests as indicators of oxidative stress. In this study, factors related to cognitive function were clarified. Methods: Participants comprised 95 individuals (36 men; mean age, 91.0±5.1 years and 59 women; mean age, 92.2±5.9 years). Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: MMSE score was ≤23 in 28 subjects (29.5%) and ≥24 in 67 subjects (70.5%). MMSE score showed significant negative correlations with age (p<0.0096), plasma alkaline phosphatase (p=0.0007), and peripheral leukocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (p=0.0119), and positive correlations with plasma albumin (p=0.0096) and BAP-to-d-ROMs ratio (p=0.0427). Conclusions: These results suggest that cognitive decline may involve brain cell dysfunction due to inflammation based on a reduced ability to control oxidative stress. Not only anti-oxidative aerobic exercise but also anti-oxidative foods, may be necessary to maintain cognitive function.

scholarly journals Association Between Individual Components of Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Function in Northeast Rural China

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Wang ◽  
Dechun Luan ◽  
Shimeng Xin ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Qian Gao
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

Aim: The aim of this article was to examine associations between metabolic syndrome and its individual components with cognitive function among rural elderly population in northeast China. Methods: Our study included 1047 residents aged older than 60 years in a northeast rural area. All were interviewed and data were obtained including sociodemographic and medical histories. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination. Metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP-ATP III. Results: After adjusted for confounding factors, metabolic syndrome was inversely associated with cognitive function (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-3.01) especially in participants aged less than 70 years old (OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.27-5.26). In addition, participants with metabolic syndrome had worse language function, which is a part of cognitive function (OR = 2.64; 95% CI: 1.39-5.00). Individual metabolic syndrome components, especially abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia, had significant association with cognitive function (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56-0.92 and OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.12-1.78, respectively). Conclusions: Abdominal obesity might be a protective factor for cognitive function. However, hyperglycemia might be a risk factor.

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