Effects of affective-semantic mode of item presentation in balanced self-report scales: biased construct validity of the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. W. Schotte ◽  
M. Maes ◽  
R. Cluydts ◽  
P. Cosyns
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Negative Item ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Item Presentation ◽  
Item Scores

SynopsisThe widely applied procedure of balancing self-report instruments by including positively and negatively keyed items is exemplified by the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Investigation of the influence of the symptom-positive and symptom-negative item modes on the SDS in a depressed population resulted in two major findings. First, the reversed scoring of the symptom-negative items resulted in higher mean item scores. Secondly, factor analyses of the SDS in the present study and in previous research revealed that the semantic modes of item presentation were represented in the factor structure of the SDS. These findings were confirmed by analyses with the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and by previous factor analytical research with balanced instruments and were interpreted within the framework of the theory of Positive and Negative Affect. The present data cast doubts on the construct validity of the SDS as a measure of depressive symptomatology due to the presence of the negatively keyed items and suggest reconsideration of the use of balanced instruments for minimization of the acquiescence response set.

Assessing Self-Efficacy in Presentation and Moderation Skills

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Ringeisen ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann ◽  
Anika Bürgermeister ◽  
Ana N. Tibubos
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Constructed Self ◽  
University Course ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract. By means of two studies, a self-report measure to assess self-efficacy in presentation and moderation skills, the SEPM scales, was validated. In study 1, factorial and construct validity were examined. A sample of 744 university students (41% females; more than 50% between 20 and 25 years) completed newly constructed self-efficacy items. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) substantiated two positively correlated factors, presentation (SEPM-P) and moderation self-efficacy (SEPM-M). Each factor consists of eight items. The correlation patterns between the two SEPM subscales and related constructs such as extraversion, the preference for cooperative learning, and conflict management indicated adequate construct validity. In study 2, criterion validity was determined by means of latent change modeling. One hundred sixty students ( Mage = 24.40, SD = 4.04; 61% females) took part in a university course to foster key competences and completed the SEPM scales at the beginning and the end of the semester. Presentation and moderation self-efficacy increased significantly over time of which the latter was positively associated with the performance in a practical moderation exam. Across both studies, reliability of the scales was high, ranging from McDonald’s ω .80 to .88.

scholarly journals BROODING MODERATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CEREBROVASCULAR BURDEN AND VASCULAR DEPRESSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S877-S878
Author(s):  
Manuel Herrera Legon ◽  
Daniel Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Vascular Depression ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective: The vascular depression hypothesis posits that cerebrovascular burden confers risk for late-life depression. Though neuroanatomical correlates of vascular depression (prefrontal white matter hyperintensities) are well established, little is known about cognitive correlates; the identification of which may suggest therapeutic targets. Aims of this study are to examine the hypothesis that the relationship between cerebrovascular burden and depressive symptoms is moderated by brooding, a type of rumination. Method: A sample of 52 community-dwelling, stroke-free, individuals over the age of 70, without history of severe mental illness or dementia completed the Ruminative Responses Scale, and provided self-report (cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol) CVB data. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptomatology. Results: Results of a bootstrapped model were that self-reported measures of CVB predicted depressive symptomatology. This relationship was significantly moderated by brooding. Among older adults, those who self-reported high CVB and medium to elevated levels of rumination experienced disproportionately more depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: These findings suggest that brooding rumination may be one correlate of the vascular depression syndrome. Future research should examine neuroanatomical correlates of rumination among older adults, and further explore brooding as a therapeutic target for those with late-life depression.

A Cross-National Self-Report Measure of Depressive Symptomatology

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gatz ◽  
Boo Johansson ◽  
Nancy Pedersen ◽  
Stig Berg ◽  
Chandra Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Cross National

The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was administered in Swedish to two representative samples, one aged 84 to 90 (mean = 87), the second aged 29 to 95 (mean = 61). There were both linear and quadratic differences with age: the oldest individuals were highest on depressive symptoms, but younger adults were higher than middle-aged. Dimensions or subscales identified by previous studies were generally replicated, including a sadness and depressed mood factor, a psychomotor retardation and loss of energy factor, and a well-being factor (on which items are reverse-scored to indicate depression). The findings support cross-national use of the CES-D to assess self-reported symptoms of depression in adults and older adults.

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Factors that Influence the Detection of Depression in Older Primary Care Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon J Pfaff ◽  
Jon J Pfaff ◽  
Osvaldo P Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Summary Sheet

Objective: To determine the characteristics of depressed older patients whose mental health status is detected by their general practitioner (GP). Method: Cross-sectional analytical design of 218 patients scoring above the cut-off (≥ 16) of the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale (CES-D), from a sample of 916 consecutive patients aged 60 years or over attending one of 54 randomly selected GPs in Western Australia. Prior to their medical consultation, patients completed a self-report questionnaire, which included questions about depressive symptomatology (CES-D). Following the consultation, general practitioners recorded the patient's presenting complaint(s), medication information, and mental health details on a patient summary sheet. Results: Among these 218 patients, 39.9% (87/218) were correctly classified as depressed by their GP. Detection of depressive symptomatology was associated with patients who acknowledged taking sleeping tablets (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.3–5.4), had CES-D scores indicative of major depression (≥ 22) (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.4–5.6) and were thought to be at risk for suicide (OR = 35.1, 95% CI = 4.5–274.2). Conclusions: While GPs are most apt to detect depression among older patients with prominent mental health symptoms, many patients in this age group silently experience significant depressive symptomatology and miss the opportunity for effective treatment. The routine use of screening tools in primary care is recommended to enhance the detection rate of depression in older adults.

The Relationship between Expressed and Experienced Emotion in Depression

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena-Lynn Brown
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experienced Emotion

Sixty right-handed adult subjects, divided equally into three groups (mildly depressed, normal, and “low normal”) on the basis of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, were exposed for forty seconds each to forty-eight imagery items designed to reflect happy, sad, angry, and fearful situations. Expressed emotion (facial electromyography) and experienced emotion (self-report) were measured. Results replicated and extended previous findings, suggesting both a “dissociation” between expressed and experienced happiness and an abnormal degree of “association” between expressed and experienced sadness for depressives and possibly “low normals.”

scholarly journals ROLE OF URINARY INCONTINENCE IN DEPRESSION AND LIFE SATISFACTION IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Naeem Aslam ◽  
Kashfa Mahreen
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Negatively Associated

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a highly prevalent in elderly people. The aim of the study was to see the relationship between urinary incontinence, depression, and life satisfaction in elderly patients. Moreover, it aimed to investigate the predictive role of UI in geriatric depression and life satisfaction in elderly patients. Methods: This was the cross-sectional study. 83 patients (45% male and 55% female) with a mean age of 69 years (51-102 years) were included in this study. Self-report measures were used. Geriatric Depression Scale, Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis, and life Satisfaction Scale were used for data collection. Results: Results showed that geriatric depression is significantly positively associated with the UI and negatively associated with the Life satisfaction. UI is also negatively associated with Life satisfaction. In addition, age is significantly positively associated with geriatric depression and UI. Duration of illness is significantly positively associated with depression, whereas, education is negatively associated with depression and UI. Regression analysis showed that UI positively predicted the geriatric depression and negatively predicted the life satisfaction. Conclusion: UI positively predicts Geriatric depression and lowers the life satisfaction. Timely assessment and effective management of UI may reduce the depressive symptomatology and enhance life satisfaction. Understanding the associations between these variables can have substantial implications for both clinical work and research in this area.

Development of the functional capacity screening tool (FCST): A brief instrument to identify functional capacity deficits in anemic cancer patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8593-8593
Author(s):  
D. Cella ◽  
H. Viswanathan ◽  
R. D. Hays ◽  
T. Mendoza ◽  
K. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Open Label ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Item Scores

8593 Background: Existing fatigue measures are long and often difficult to incorporate in practice. The objective of this study was to develop a short tool (Functional Capacity Screening Tool [FCST]) to identify functional capacity deficits related to fatigue in anemic cancer patients (pts) using self-report and performance-based measures of functional capacity. Methods: Data were obtained from a multicenter, open-label, single-arm study of darbepoetin alfa therapy (3.0 μg/kg every 2 weeks) in cancer pts (n=1558) who were ≥ 18 years of age with nonmyeloid malignancies receiving cyclic chemotherapy and anemia (hemoglobin [Hb] ≤ 11 g/dL). The Modified Harvard Step Test (MHST) was used as a performance-based measure of functional capacity to assess adjusted VO2max. Pts who contributed data for the development of FCST completed the following: MHST, baseline and ≥ 1 follow-up Hb measurement, baseline and ≥ 1 follow-up Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue (FACT-F), and fatigue assessed within 3 days of MHST. Items from FACT-F, Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI) and Medical Outcomes Study physical functioning scale were tested for inclusion in the FCST. Individual item scores were transformed to a 100-point scale. Item selection was based on identifying best predictors of adjusted VO2max, Hb, and global FACT-F scores using linear regression and the r-square selection method. FCST scores were calculated by summating item scores and dividing by number of items. Results: Data from401 pts contributed to the development of the FCST. Eight items were identified for the FCST with a Cronbach’s coefficient alpha of 0.92. Construct validity was supported by correlations of FCST with FSI (r = 0.80, P < .0001) and BFI (r = 0.86, P < .0001). Correlations between FCST and energy (r = 0.75, P < .0001), productivity (r = 0.72, P < .0001), and Hb (r = 0.24, P < .0001) further supported construct validity. Conclusions: FCST holds promise as a short screening tool for identifying functional capacity deficits in cancer pts. This new instrument was reliable, easy to score, and completed quickly by pts, making it suitable for incorporation in clinical practice. Further validation is required in different cancer populations. [Table: see text]

Dimensions of the Center of Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale for People with Arthritis from the UK

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie H. Barlow ◽  
Chris C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
National Study ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Uk

The aim of this study was to investigate the factor structure and to conduct an item analysis of the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale (CES–D) among people with arthritis from the UK. This 20-item self-report scale was designed by Radloff in 1977 to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population. Data were drawn from a national study and collected through self-administered questionnaires mailed to participants, each of whom had a confirmed diagnosis of arthritis. Reliability and structure of the scale were examined using standard item analysis, internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), and principal components analysis. A four-dimensional structure was identified: Self-worth, Depressed Affect, Positive Affect, and Somatic Disturbance; three items loaded on two factors and were excluded from consideration. Comparisons with previous studies indicated some differences in the subscales and showed that, in this sample, two subscales might be artifacts of measurement. In samples of people with arthritis from the UK, use of the total score may not reflect accurate depressive symptomatology and the subscale scores should be used with caution.

scholarly journals Antidepressant use and depressive symptomatology among older people from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Veronica Chow ◽  
Agnes I. Vitry ◽  
Philip Ryan ◽  
Elizabeth E. Roughead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Perceived Health Status ◽  
Australian Longitudinal Study ◽  
Antidepressant Use

ABSTRACTBackground:Depression is one of the leading contributors to the burden of non-fatal diseases in Australia. Although there is an overall increasing trend in antidepressant use, the relationship between use of antidepressants and depressive symptomatology is not clear, particularly in the older population.Methods:Data for this study were obtained from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ALSA), a cohort of 2087 people aged over 65 years at baseline. Four waves of home interviews were conducted between 1992 and 2004 to collect information on sociodemographic and health status. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale. Use of antidepressants was based on self-report, with the interviewer able to check packaging details if available. Longitudinal analysis was performed using logistic generalized estimating equations to detect if there was any trend in the use of antidepressants, adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results:The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.2% in 1992 and 15.8% in 2004 (p> 0.05). The prevalence of antidepressant users increased from 6.5% to 10.9% (p< 0.01) over this period. Among people with depressive symptoms, less than 20% were taking antidepressants at any wave. Among people without depressive symptoms, the prevalence of antidepressant use was 5.2% in 1992 and 12.0% in 2004 (p< 0.01). Being female (OR = 1.67, 95%CI: 1.25–2.24), having poor self-perceived health status (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.04–1.32), having physical impairment (OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.14–1.91) and having depressive symptoms (OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.24–2.13) significantly increased the use of antidepressants, while living in community (OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.37–0.71) reduced the risk of antidepressant use.Conclusions:Use of antidepressants increased, while depressive symptoms remained stable, in the ALSA over a 12-year period. Use of antidepressants was low for people with depressive symptoms.

Depressive Symptoms before and One Year after Heart Surgery

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Magni
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
One Year

For 57 patients undergoing major heart surgery depressive symptoms were assessed before the operation and one year afterwards. The Zung Self-rating Depression Scale was used. Mean depressive scores significantly decreased at the follow-up. However, looking at frequencies instead of mean scores indicated about one-fourth of the sample showed clinically significant depressive symptomatology one year after surgery.

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