scholarly journals Pre- and perinatal hypoxia associated with hippocampus/amygdala volume in bipolar disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. K. Haukvik ◽  
T. McNeil ◽  
E. H. Lange ◽  
I. Melle ◽  
A. M. Dale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Perinatal Hypoxia ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Amygdala Volume ◽  
Psychotic Bipolar Disorder

BackgroundPre- and perinatal adversities may increase the risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Hypoxia-related obstetric complications (OCs) are associated with brain anatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia, but their association with brain anatomy variation in bipolar disorder is unknown.MethodMagnetic resonance imaging brain scans, clinical examinations and data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway were obtained for 219 adults, including 79 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder (age 29.4 years,s.d. = 11.8 years, 39% male) and 140 healthy controls (age 30.8 years,s.d. = 12.0 years, 53% male). Severe hypoxia-related OCs throughout pregnancy/birth and perinatal asphyxia were each studied in relation toa prioriselected brain volumes (hippocampus, lateral ventricles and amygdala, obtained with FreeSurfer), using linear regression models covarying for age, sex, medication use and intracranial volume. Multiple comparison adjustment was applied.ResultsPerinatal asphyxia was associated with smaller left amygdala volume (t = −2.59,p = 0.012) in bipolar disorder patients, but not in healthy controls. Patients with psychotic bipolar disorder showed distinct associations between perinatal asphyxia and smaller left amygdala volume (t = −2.69,p = 0.010), whereas patients with non-psychotic bipolar disorder showed smaller right hippocampal volumes related to both perinatal asphyxia (t = −2.60,p = 0.015) and severe OCs (t = −3.25,p = 0.003). No associations between asphyxia or severe OCs and the lateral ventricles were found.ConclusionsPre- and perinatal hypoxia-related OCs are related to brain morphometry in bipolar disorder in adulthood, with specific patterns in patients with psychoticversusnon-psychotic illness.

Hippocampal and amygdala volumes in an older bipolar disorder sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanaka Wijeratne ◽  
Sonal Sachdev ◽  
Wei Wen ◽  
Olivier Piguet ◽  
Darren M. Lipnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Bipolar Patients

ABSTRACTBackground: Brain volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of adult bipolar disorder samples, compared with healthy controls, have reported conflicting results in hippocampal and amygdala volumes. Among these, few have studied older bipolar samples, which would allow for examination of the effects of greater duration in mood episodes on brain volumes. The aim of this study was to compare hippocampal and amygdala volumes in older bipolar patients with controls.Methods: High-resolution MRI scans were used to determine hippocampal and amygdala volumes that were manually traced using established protocols in 18 euthymic patients with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder (mean age 57 years) and 21 healthy controls (mean age 61 years). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to explore group differences while controlling for intracranial volume (ICV), age, sex, and years of education.Results: While gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volumes did not differ between the groups, bipolar disorder patients had smaller ICV (t = 2.54, p = 0.015). After correcting for ICV, the bipolar group had smaller hippocampal (left hippocampus F = 13.944, p = 0.001; right hippocampus F = 10.976, p = 0.002; total hippocampus F = 13.566; p = 0.001) and right amygdala (F = 13.317, p = 0.001) volumes. Total hippocampal volume was negatively associated with the duration of depressive (r = −0.636; p = 0.035) and manic (r = −0.659; p = 0.027) episodes, but not lithium use. Amygdala volumes were not associated with the duration of mood episodes.Conclusions: Older bipolar disorder patients had smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes. That smaller hippocampal volume was associated with the duration of mood episodes may suggest a neuroprogressive course related to the severity of the disorder.

scholarly journals Association between body mass index and subcortical brain volumes in bipolar disorders–ENIGMA study in 2735 individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. McWhinney ◽  
◽  
Christoph Abé ◽  
Martin Alda ◽  
Francesco Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Mixed Effects Modeling ◽  
Subcortical Volumes

AbstractIndividuals with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently suffer from obesity, which is often associated with neurostructural alterations. Yet, the effects of obesity on brain structure in BD are under-researched. We obtained MRI-derived brain subcortical volumes and body mass index (BMI) from 1134 BD and 1601 control individuals from 17 independent research sites within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the effects of BD and BMI on subcortical volumes using mixed-effects modeling and tested for mediation of group differences by obesity using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models controlled for age, sex, hemisphere, total intracranial volume, and data collection site. Relative to controls, individuals with BD had significantly higher BMI, larger lateral ventricular volume, and smaller volumes of amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, caudate, and thalamus. BMI was positively associated with ventricular and amygdala and negatively with pallidal volumes. When analyzed jointly, both BD and BMI remained associated with volumes of lateral ventricles  and amygdala. Adjusting for BMI decreased the BD vs control differences in ventricular volume. Specifically, 18.41% of the association between BD and ventricular volume was mediated by BMI (Z = 2.73, p = 0.006). BMI was associated with similar regional brain volumes as BD, including lateral ventricles, amygdala, and pallidum. Higher BMI may in part account for larger ventricles, one of the most replicated findings in BD. Comorbidity with obesity could explain why neurostructural alterations are more pronounced in some individuals with BD. Future prospective brain imaging studies should investigate whether obesity could be a modifiable risk factor for neuroprogression.

scholarly journals Vitamin D, Folate and the Intracranial Volume in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiril P. Gurholt ◽  
Kåre Osnes ◽  
Mari Nerhus ◽  
Kjetil N. Jørgensen ◽  
Vera Lonning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls

scholarly journals T56. RISKY DECISION-MAKING IMPAIRMENT IN EARLY-STAGE PSYCHOTIC BIPOLAR DISORDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S252-S253
Author(s):  
Mary Chung Man Ng ◽  
Joe Kwun Nam Chan ◽  
Martha Luk ◽  
Cheuk Fei Wong ◽  
Sui Fung Wo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Cumulative Score ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Adjusted Score ◽  
Psychotic Bipolar Disorder

Abstract Background Previous research suggests that bipolar disorder may be associated with increased risk-taking / impulsivity. Risky decision-making paradigm is an objective, performance-based measure which has been increasingly applied in bipolar disorder research examining. Nonetheless, literature focused only on chronically ill samples, with illness chronicity, clinical heterogeneity and prolonged medication exposure being potential confounding factors of study results. The current study aimed to explore whether patients with early-stage psychotic bipolar disorder (BDP) exhibit impaired risky decision-making relative to healthy controls, using a well-validated, widely-applied experimental paradigm of Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Methods Thirty-nine patients with early-stage BDP (defined by having received psychiatric treatment for first-episode BDP within 3 years since service entry) and 36 demographically matched healthy controls were recruited. BART was administered to examine risky decision-making performance. Deliberative risky behavior was operationalized as the willingness to inflate balloons as each pump was accompanied by an extra point gained in the temporary repository or balloon explosion. Three performance-based indices (adjusted score, explosion rate and cumulative score) were derived and analyzed. Results There were no significant differences between patients and controls in age, gender and educational levels. Independent samples t-tests illustrated that patients had significantly lower adjusted score (t = -3.45, p = .001, d = .791), explosion rate (t = -2.75, p = .007, d = .631) and cumulative score (t = -3.07, p = .003, d = .714) in BART compared to controls. Similar findings were obtained when comparison analyses were restricted to patients who were treated with antipsychotic medications at the time of study assessment (n = 30). No significant correlations between BART performance-based indices and measures of clinical and treatment variables were found in patient sample. Discussion Our results demonstrated that early-stage BDP patients displayed suboptimal risky decision-making compared with controls. Abnormal risky decision-making observed in the euthymic state of patients in early stage of bipolar disorder suggests that such impairment might represent a trait factor in the disorder. Further prospective research is warranted to clarify the longitudinal course of risky decision-making impairment in bipolar disorder.

Subcortical brain volumes relate to neurocognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and healthy controls

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilie B. Hartberg ◽  
Kjetil Sundet ◽  
Lars M. Rimol ◽  
Unn K. Haukvik ◽  
Elisabeth H. Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Subcortical Brain

Hippocampal and amygdala volume changes in patients with major depression and healthy controls during a three year follow-up

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
TS Frodl ◽  
T Zetzsche ◽  
G Schmitt ◽  
T Schlossbauer ◽  
MW Jäger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Amygdala Volume

Neuroserpin in Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 518-523
Author(s):  
Rugül Köse Çinar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
System Functioning

Objective: Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor predominantly expressed in the nervous system functioning mainly in neuronal migration and axonal growth. Neuroprotective effects of neuroserpin were shown in animal models of stroke, brain, and spinal cord injury. Postmortem studies confirmed the involvement of neuroserpin in Alzheimer’s disease. Since altered adult neurogenesis was postulated as an aetiological mechanism for bipolar disorder, the possible effect of neuroserpin gene expression in the disorder was evaluated. Methods: Neuroserpin mRNA expression levels were examined in the peripheral blood of bipolar disorder type I manic and euthymic patients and healthy controls using the polymerase chain reaction method. The sample comprised of 60 physically healthy, middle-aged men as participants who had no substance use disorder. Results: The gene expression levels of neuroserpin were found lower in the bipolar disorder patients than the healthy controls (p=0.000). The neuroserpin levels did not differ between mania and euthymia (both 96% down-regulated compared to the controls). Conclusion: Since we detected differences between the patients and the controls, not the disease states, the dysregulation in the neuroserpin gene could be interpreted as a result of the disease itself.

scholarly journals The Longitudinal Association of Walking Efficiency With Brain Volumes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 783-783
Author(s):  
Jennifer Schrack ◽  
Fangyu Liu ◽  
Amal Wanigatunga ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Christos Davatzikos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Walking Efficiency

Abstract Walking efficiency (WE) predicts mobility decline and is linked with higher fatigability. Fatigability is associated with cognitive decline and reduced brain volumes (BV), but the link between WE and BV is undefined. We examined associations between WE and BV in 860 participants of the BLSA (mean age 66.4(14.4) years, 54.5% women). WE was assessed during 2.5-minutes of usual-paced walking using indirect calorimetry and standardized per meter (ml/kg/m). BV measures were derived using MRI scans and an automated multi-atlas region-of-interest approach. In linear mixed models adjusted for demographics, education, BMI, intracranial volume, and cognitive status, lower baseline WE was associated with lower total, white, and gray matter, primarily in the frontal and temporal lobes (all p<0.05). Longitudinally, declining WE was associated with increasing ventricular and decreasing hippocampal volumes over follow-up (all p<0.01). Findings suggest rising age-related inefficiencies may reflect underlying brain atrophy and serve as a novel indicator for future interventions.

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