Psychotic experiences and risk of self-injurious behaviour in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Honings ◽  
M. Drukker ◽  
R. Groen ◽  
J. van Os
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Residual Confounding

BackgroundRecent studies suggest that psychotic experiences (PE) in the general population are associated with an increased risk of self-injurious behaviour. Both the magnitude of this association and the level of adjustment for confounders vary among studies. A meta-analysis was performed to integrate the available evidence. The influence of possible confounders, including variably defined depression, was assessed.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted including general population studies reporting on the risk of self-injurious behaviour in individuals with PE. Studies were identified by a systematic search strategy in Pubmed, PsycINFO and Embase. Reported effect sizes were extracted and meta-analytically pooled.ResultsThe risk of self-injurious behaviour was 3.20 times higher in individuals with PE compared with those without. Subanalyses showed that PE were associated with self-harm, suicidal ideation as well as suicidal attempts. All studies had scope for considerable residual confounding; effect sizes adjusted for depression were significantly smaller than effect sizes unadjusted for depression. In the longitudinal studies, adjustment for psychopathology resulted in a 74% reduction in excess risk.ConclusionsPE are associated with self-injurious behaviour, suggesting they have potential as passive markers of suicidality. However, the association is confounded and several methodological issues remain, particularly how to separate PE from the full range of connected psychopathology in determining any specific association with self-injurious behaviour. Given evidence that PE represent an indicator of severity of non-psychotic psychopathology, the association between PE and self-injurious behaviour probably reflects a greater likelihood of self-injurious behaviour in more severe states of mental distress.

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis of female lifestyle factors and risk of recurrent pregnancy loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Ying Bonnie Ng ◽  
George Cherian ◽  
Alexandra J. Kermack ◽  
Sarah Bailey ◽  
Nick Macklon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

AbstractIt is known that lifestyle factors affect sporadic miscarriage, but the extent of this on RPL (recurrent pregnancy loss) is less well known. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the associations between lifestyle factors and RPL. Studies that analysed RPL in the context of BMI, smoking, alcohol and caffeine intake were included. The primary and secondary outcomes were odds of having RPL in the general population and odds of further miscarriage, respectively. Underweight and women with BMI > 25 are at higher odds of RPL in the general population (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.12–1.28 and OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.06–1.38, respectively). In women with RPL, having BMI > 30 and BMI > 25 has increased odds of further miscarriages (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.25–2.50 and OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07–1.72, respectively). The quality of the evidence for our findings was low or very low. Being underweight and BMI > 25 contributes significantly to increased risk of RPL (general population). BMI > 25 or BMI > 30 increases the risk of further miscarriages (RPL population). Larger studies addressing the effects of alcohol, cigarette smoking and caffeine on the risk of RPL with optimisation of BMI in this cohort of women are now needed.

scholarly journals Neurological disorders in autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 136236132095137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Yin Pan ◽  
Sven Bölte ◽  
Preet Kaur ◽  
Sadia Jamil ◽  
Ulf Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
General Population ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Neurological Complications

The etiological significance of neurological disorders in autism is debated, but it is clear that they complicate support provision and clinical management, and can have negative impact on outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the full range of co-occurring neurological disorders in autism. We estimated the odds of having neurological complications compared to the general population and other neurodevelopmental conditions, as well as the overall prevalence of different neurological disorders. Seventy-nine articles were eligible for the systematic review, including 28 case-control studies, 43 prevalence studies, and 8 cohort studies. Findings were heterogeneous across studies. Overall, autistic individuals were significantly more likely than the general population to exhibit epilepsy, macrocephaly, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, migraine/headache, and congenital abnormalities of the nervous system, with prevalence estimates ranging from 1.1% (0%–3.3%; hydrocephalus) to 14.2% (11.3%–17.2%; epilepsy). Epilepsy was also more common in autism than in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 4.06 [2.81–5.88]). Findings indicate that awareness of neurological disorders and neurological check-ups are indicated in autism to ensure adequate physical health care and support. Prospective studies of neurological disorders in children diagnosed with or at risk of autism might further enhance our understanding of causal pathways. Lay abstract Neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy, have been reported to occur among individuals with autism beyond chance and may have an impact on daily living across the lifespan. Although there has been research investigating neurological disorders in autism, the findings are not always conclusive. Previous summaries of existing studies have not evaluated the full range of neurological disorders. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the neurological problems appearing in autism to provide updated information that is needed for better healthcare and support in this population. We looked at already published studies focusing on risk or frequency of neurological disorders in autism. Our results suggest that individuals with autism are more likely than the general population to have a range of neurological disorders, including epilepsy, macrocephaly, hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, migraine/headache, and inborn abnormalities of the nervous system. In order to provide individualized healthcare and support of high quality to individuals diagnosed with autism, health care professionals and other support providers need to be attentive to neurological complications. To further improve our understanding about the link between autism and neurological disorders, future research should follow the neurological health of children who are diagnosed with or are at increased likelihood of autism.

scholarly journals Pregnancy After Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. JCO.21.00535
Author(s):  
Matteo Lambertini ◽  
Eva Blondeaux ◽  
Marco Bruzzone ◽  
Marta Perachino ◽  
Richard A. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Survivorship Care Plan ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk

PURPOSE Many patients and physicians remain concerned about the potential detrimental effects of pregnancy after breast cancer (BC) in terms of reproductive outcomes and maternal safety. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at providing updated evidence on these topics. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies including patients with a pregnancy after BC (PROSPERO number CRD42020158324). Likelihood of pregnancy after BC, their reproductive outcomes, and maternal safety were assessed. Pooled relative risks, odds ratios (ORs), and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using random effects models. RESULTS Of 6,462 identified records, 39 were included involving 8,093,401 women from the general population and 112,840 patients with BC of whom 7,505 had a pregnancy after diagnosis. BC survivors were significantly less likely to have a subsequent pregnancy compared with the general population (relative risk, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.49). Risks of caesarean section (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.25), low birth weight (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.73), preterm birth (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.88), and small for gestational age (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.33) were significantly higher in BC survivors, particularly in those with previous chemotherapy exposure, compared with the general population. No significantly increased risk of congenital abnormalities or other reproductive complications were observed. Compared to patients with BC without subsequent pregnancy, those with a pregnancy had better disease-free survival (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.89) and overall survival (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.68). Similar results were observed after correcting for potential confounders and irrespective of patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics, pregnancy outcome, and timing of pregnancy. CONCLUSION These results provide reassuring evidence on the safety of conceiving in BC survivors. Patients' pregnancy desire should be considered a crucial component of their survivorship care plan.

scholarly journals The risk of infections in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: systematic review and meta-analysis

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Pego-Reigosa ◽  
Lindsay Nicholson ◽  
Nick Pooley ◽  
Sue Langham ◽  
Nina Embleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
General Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the magnitude of infection risk in patients with SLE and evaluate the effect of general and SLE-related factors on infection risk. Methods We searched MEDLINE and Embase from inception to July 2018, screening for observational studies that evaluated infection risk in patients with SLE compared with the general population/healthy controls. Outcomes of interest included overall severe infection, herpes zoster infection/reactivation, opportunistic infections, pneumonia and tuberculosis. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) for each type of infection. Sensitivity analysis assessed the impact of removing studies with high risk of bias. Results Eleven retrospective or prospective cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis: overall severe infection (n = 4), pneumonia (n = 6), tuberculosis (n = 3) and herpes zoster (n = 2). Pooled RRs for overall severe infection significantly increased for patients with SLE compared with the general population/healthy controls [RR 2.96 (95% CI 1.28, 6.83)]. Pooled RRs for pneumonia, herpes zoster and tuberculosis showed significantly increased risk compared with the general population/healthy controls [RR 2.58 (1.80, 3.70), 2.50 (2.36, 2.65) and 6.11 (3.61, 10.33), respectively]. Heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias were present for all analyses, except herpes zoster. Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness of the results. Conclusion Patients with SLE have significantly higher risk of infection compared with the general population/healthy controls. Efforts to strengthen strategies aimed at preventing infections in SLE are needed. Protocol registration PROSPERO number: CRD42018109425.

scholarly journals Examining risk factors for self-harm and suicide in LGBTQ+ young people: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031541
Author(s):  
A Jess Williams ◽  
Jon Arcelus ◽  
Ellen Townsend ◽  
Maria Michail
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Young People ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

IntroductionYoung people who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning (LGBTQ+) are at increased risk for self-harm, suicide ideation and behaviours. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive understanding of what risk factors influence these behaviours within LGBTQ+ young people as a whole. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine risk factors associated with self-harm, suicidal ideation and behaviour in LGBTQ+) young people.Methods and analysisA systematic review will be conducted, conforming to the reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement recommendations. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) will be systematically searched for cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal, cohort and case–control designs which examine risk factors for self-harm and/or suicidal ideation and behaviour in LGBTQ+ young people (aged 12–25 years). Only studies published in English will be included. No date restrictions will be applied. Study quality assessment will be conducted using the original and modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scales. Meta-analysis or narrative synthesis will be used, dependent on findings.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review of published literature and thereby ethical approval was not sought. The review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal, be publicly disseminated at conferences focusing on mental health, self-harm and suicide prevention. The findings will also be shared through public engagement and involvement, particularly those related to young LGBTQ+ individuals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019130037.

scholarly journals Are Daycare Workers at a Higher Risk of Parvovirus B19 Infection? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romero Starke ◽  
Kofahl ◽  
Freiberg ◽  
Schubert ◽  
Groß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection

Objective: In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the evidence on the association between being a daycare educator working with children and the possible increased risk of parvovirus B19 infection compared to the general population. Methods: The Medline and Embase databases were searched using a defined search to find studies published since 2000. Two reviewers evaluated the search hits using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The resulting studies were extracted and were assessed in eight domains of bias. A pooled relative risk (RR) of parvovirus infection for daycare workers compared to the general population was calculated. Results: After evaluating the 7781 search hits and manual search, four methodologically-adequate studies were identified: three cross-sectional studies and one retrospective cohort study. Of the three studies investigating the risk of infection, one evaluated parvovirus B19 seroconversion rates for daycare workers. There was an indication for an increased risk for daycare workers compared to the unexposed population (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.98–1.27) using prevalence estimators. Furthermore, daycare workers had a higher seroconversion rate compared to the unexposed population (RR = 2.63, 95% 1.27–5.45) in the low risk of bias study. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a higher risk of parvovirus B19 infection for daycare workers compared to an unexposed comparison population, which necessitate preventative efforts. Considering the underestimation of the occupational seroconversion risk by prevalence-based estimators, parvovirus B19 infections among daycare workers might mostly be occupationally acquired.

eHealth Interventions for Treatment of Depression, Anxiety and Insomnia during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Silang ◽  
Pooja R. Sohal ◽  
Katherine Bright ◽  
Jennifer Leason ◽  
Leslie Roos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Ehealth Intervention ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The University

BACKGROUND Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for depression, anxiety and insomnia. eHealth interventions provide a promising and accessible treatment alternative to face-to-face intervention. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of eHealth interventions to prevent and/or treat depression, anxiety and insomnia during pregnancy. Secondary aims were to identify demographic and intervention moderators of effectiveness. METHODS Five databases (PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane) were searched from inception to May 2021. Terms related to eHealth, pregnancy, randomized controlled trials, depression, anxiety, and insomnia were included. RCTs were included if they reported (a) an eHealth intervention for (b) the prevention or treatment of depression, anxiety or insomnia (c) in pregnant women. Study screening, data extractions and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Random effects meta-analyses of pooled effect sizes were conducted to determine the effect of eHealth interventions on prenatal mental health. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify potential moderators. RESULTS In total, 17 studies were included in the current review that assessed changes in depression (11), anxiety (n=10), and insomnia (n=3). Several studies included both depression and anxiety symptoms as outcomes (n=7). The results indicated that during pregnancy, eHealth interventions showed small effect sizes for preventing and treating symptoms of anxiety and depression and a moderate effect size for treating symptoms of insomnia. With the exception of intervention type for the outcome of depressive symptoms, where Mindfulness interventions outperformed other intervention types, no significant moderators were detected. CONCLUSIONS eHealth interventions are an accessible and promising resource for treating symptoms of anxiety, depression and insomnia during pregnancy. However, more research is necessary to identify ways to increase the efficacy of eHealth interventions for this population. CLINICALTRIAL The study was registered with PROSPERO through the University of York Center for Reviews and Dissemination (Registration No. CRD42020205186).

scholarly journals Cancer mortality in patients with schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanjun Zhuo ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Ronghuan Jiang ◽  
Xiaodong Lin ◽  
Mingjing Shao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Standardised Mortality Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported conflicting results on the association between schizophrenia and cancer mortality.AimsTo summarise available evidence and quantify the association between schizophrenia and cancer mortality using meta-analysis.MethodWe systematically searched literature in the PubMed and Embase databases. Risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals reported in individual studies were pooled using the DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model.ResultsWe included 19 studies in the meta-analysis. Among them, 15 studies reported standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) comparing patients with schizophrenia with the general population, and the pooled SMR was 1.40 (95% CI 1.29–1.52, P<0.001). The other four studies reported hazard ratios (HRs) comparing individuals with schizophrenia with those without schizophrenia; the pooled HR was 1.51 (95% CI 1.13–2.03, P = 0.006).ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia are at a significantly increased risk of cancer mortality compared with the general population or individuals without schizophrenia.

scholarly journals The risk of malignancy in patients with IgG4-related disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingfeng Yu ◽  
Yaxian Wu ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Yanyan Zhuang ◽  
Xiaoyan Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
General Population ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Igg4 Related Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background The relationship between IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and the risk of malignancy is still controversial. This article focused on assessing the risk of cancer in patients with IgG4-RD by meta-analysis. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis characterizing the associated risk of overall malignancy and four site-specific malignancies (pancreas, lung, gastric and lymphoma) in patients with IgG4-RD. A search from 2003 to 2020 was performed using specified terms from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and SinoMed. Random-effects model analysis was used to pool standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to clarify the heterogeneity of the included studies. Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test were used to evaluate the bias of the meta-analysis. A P value < 0.05 indicated the existence of publication bias. Results A total of 10 studies were included in the article. The overall SIR estimates suggested an increased risk of overall cancer in IgG4-RD patients (SIR 2.57 95% CI 1.72–3.84) compared with the general population. The specific SIRs for pancreas and lymphoma were higher than those of the general population in IgG4-RD patients (SIR 4.07 95% CI 1.04–15.92, SIR 69.17 95% CI 3.91–1223.04, respectively). No significant associations were revealed in respiratory and gastric cancer (SIR 2.14 95% CI 0.97–4.75, SIR 0.95 95% CI 0.24–3.95, respectively). Four studies were found to be the major sources of heterogeneity by sensitivity analysis. There was no evidence of publication bias via Egger’s test. Conclusion Compared with the general population, patients with IgG4-RD appear to have a higher risk of overall cancer, especially pancreatic and lymphoma. The risk of lung and gastric cancer was not different between IgG4-RD patients and the general population.

scholarly journals Association between particulate matter air pollution and risk of depression and suicide: systematic review and meta-analysis – RETRACTED

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuelin Gu ◽  
Qisijing Liu ◽  
Furong Deng ◽  
Xueqin Wang ◽  
Hualiang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
General Population ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Aerodynamic Diameter ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundSome recent studies examined the effect of ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution on depression and suicide. However, the results have been inconclusive.AimsTo determine the overall relationship between PM exposure and depression/suicide in the general population.MethodWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-crossover and cohort studies to assess the association between PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less) or PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 10 µm) exposure and depression/suicide.ResultsA total of 14 articles (7 for depression and 7 for suicide) with data from 684 859 participants were included in the meta-analysis. With a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 we found a 19% (odds ratio [95% CI] 1.19 [1.07, 1.33]) increased risk of depression and a marginally increased risk of suicide (odds ratio [95% CI] 1.05 [0.99, 1.11]) in the general population. We did not observe any significant associations between increasing exposure to PM10 and depression/suicide. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were used to determine the robustness of results. The strongest estimated effect of depression associated with PM2.5 appeared in a long-term lag pattern (odds ratio [95% CI] 1.25 [1.07, 1.45], P < 0.01) and cumulative lag pattern (odds ratio [95% CI] 1.26 [1.07, 1.48], P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe meta-analysis suggested that an increase in ambient PM2.5 concentration was strongly associated with increased depression risk in the general population, and the association appeared stronger at long-term lag and cumulative lag patterns, suggesting a potential cumulative exposure effect over time.Declaration of interestNone.

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