scholarly journals Changes in cannabis potency and first-time admissions to drug treatment: a 16-year study in the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (14) ◽  
pp. 2346-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom P. Freeman ◽  
Peggy van der Pol ◽  
Wil Kuijpers ◽  
Jeroen Wisselink ◽  
Ravi K. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Treatment Entry ◽  
Positive Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ongoing Monitoring

AbstractBackgroundThe number of people entering specialist drug treatment for cannabis problems has increased considerably in recent years. The reasons for this are unclear, but rising cannabis potency could be a contributing factor.MethodsCannabis potency data were obtained from an ongoing monitoring programme in the Netherlands. We analysed concentrations of δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from the most popular variety of domestic herbal cannabis sold in each retail outlet (2000–2015). Mixed effects linear regression models examined time-dependent associations between THC and first-time cannabis admissions to specialist drug treatment. Candidate time lags were 0–10 years, based on normative European drug treatment data.ResultsTHC increased from a mean (95% CI) of 8.62 (7.97–9.27) to 20.38 (19.09–21.67) from 2000 to 2004 and then decreased to 15.31 (14.24–16.38) in 2015. First-time cannabis admissions (per 100 000 inhabitants) rose from 7.08 to 26.36 from 2000 to 2010, and then decreased to 19.82 in 2015. THC was positively associated with treatment entry at lags of 0–9 years, with the strongest association at 5 years, b = 0.370 (0.317–0.424), p < 0.0001. After adjusting for age, sex and non-cannabis drug treatment admissions, these positive associations were attenuated but remained statistically significant at lags of 5–7 years and were again strongest at 5 years, b = 0.082 (0.052–0.111), p < 0.0001.ConclusionsIn this 16-year observational study, we found positive time-dependent associations between changes in cannabis potency and first-time cannabis admissions to drug treatment. These associations are biologically plausible, but their strength after adjustment suggests that other factors are also important.

scholarly journals Environmental Citizenship and Energy Efficiency in Four European Countries (Italy, The Netherlands, Switzerland and Hungary)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Ibolya Czibere ◽  
Imre Kovách ◽  
Gergely Boldizsár Megyesi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Social

In our paper we aim at analysing the social factors influencing energy use and energy efficiency in four different European countries, using the data from the PENNY research (Psychological social and financial barriers to energy efficiency—Horizon 2020). As a part of the project, a survey was conducted in four European countries (Italy, The Netherlands, Switzerland and Hungary) to compare environmental self-identity, values and attitudes toward the energy use of European citizens. Previous research has examined the effect of a number of factors that influence individuals’ energy efficiency, and attitudes to energy use. The novelty of our paper that presents four attitudes regarding energy use and environmental consciousness and compares them across four different regions of Europe. It analyses the differences between the four attitudes among the examined countries and tries to understand the factors explaining the differences using linear regression models of the most important socio-demographic variables. Finally, we present a typology of energy use attitudes: four groups, the members of which are basically characterised by essentially different attitudes regarding energy use. A better understanding of the diversity of energy use may assist in making more accurate policy decisions.

scholarly journals Time Dependent Gene Expression Changes in the Liver of Mice Treated with Benzene

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. BMI.S590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Jin Park ◽  
Jung Hwa Oh ◽  
Seokjoo Yoon ◽  
S.V.S. Rana
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Benzene Exposure ◽  
Microarray Analyses ◽  
First Time ◽  
Affymetrix Gene Chip

Benzene is used as a general purpose solvent. Benzene metabolism starts from phenol and ends with p-benzoquinone and o-benzoquinone. Liver injury inducted by benzene still remains a toxicologic problem. Tumor related genes and immune responsive genes have been studied in patients suffering from benzene exposure. However, gene expression profiles and pathways related to its hepatotoxicity are not known. This study reports the results obtained in the liver of BALB/C mice (SLC, Inc., Japan) administered 0.05 ml/100 g body weight of 2% benzene for six days. Serum, ALT, AST and ALP were determined using automated analyzer (Fuji., Japan). Histopathological observations were made to support gene expression data. c-DNA microarray analyses were performed using Affymetrix Gene-chip system. After six days of benzene exposure, twenty five genes were down regulated whereas nineteen genes were up-regulated. These gene expression changes were found to be related to pathways of biotransformation, detoxification, apoptosis, oxidative stress and cell cycle. It has been shown for the first time that genes corresponding to circadian rhythms are affected by benzene. Results suggest that gene expression profile might serve as potential biomarkers of hepatotoxicity during benzene exposure.

Experimental observation of viscoelastic fluid–structure interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita A. Dey ◽  
Yahya Modarres-Sadeghi ◽  
Jonathan P. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Flow Instability ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Flexible Structure ◽  
Fluid Inertia ◽  
Fluid Structure Interactions ◽  
Periodic Oscillations ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
First Time

It is well known that when a flexible or flexibly mounted structure is placed perpendicular to the flow of a Newtonian fluid, it can oscillate due to the shedding of separated vortices. Here, we show for the first time that fluid–structure interactions can also be observed when the fluid is viscoelastic. For viscoelastic fluids, a flexible structure can become unstable in the absence of fluid inertia, at infinitesimal Reynolds numbers, due to the onset of a purely elastic flow instability. Nonlinear periodic oscillations of the flexible structure are observed and found to be coupled to the time-dependent growth and decay of viscoelastic stresses in the wake of the structure.

scholarly journals A Meningo-Leucoencephalomyelitis Resembling Visna in Dutch Zwoeger Sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ressang ◽  
F. C. Stam ◽  
G. F. De Boer
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Terminal Stage ◽  
Icelandic Sheep ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Secondary Demyelination ◽  
First Time

Zwoegerziekte is a disease in Dutch sheep which morphologically closely resembles an Icelandic sheep disease, Maedi2. Chronic lung affection and emaciation are the principal symptoms of both diseases. Visna is another chronic condition in Icelandic sheep affecting mainly the C.N.S. A virus has been isolated from sheep affected with Maedi or Visna and a close relationship in properties has been found between both viruses. In two Dutch sheep autopsied in the final stage of Zwoegerziekte, lesions were present in the C.N.S., which histologically resembled those in Visna. Another sheep slaughtered at the municipal abattoir, with lung lesions characteristic for the terminal stage of Zwoegerziekte, exhibited early cerebral lesions resembling Visna. The lesions in the C.N.S. of these three sheep were meningitis and severe encephalomyelitis of the glial type affecting the white matter. Secondary demyelination was striking. Though Zwoegerziekte has been known for several decades in the Netherlands, the accompanying C.N.S. lesions are described for the first time.

Field Determination of Fracture Propagation Mode Using Downhole Pressure Data

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Daneshy ◽  
Chad Touchet ◽  
Fred Hoffman ◽  
Mike McKown
Keyword(s):  
Propagation Mode ◽  
Fluid Migration ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Fracture Orientation ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Adjacent Fractures ◽  
First Time

Abstract This paper presents the analysis results of 60 single stage fracturing treatments performed in a horizontal well using cemented casing sleeves and a coiled tubing deployed frac isolation system as the completion method. In this carefully set-up and executed treatment, separation between the toe stages was 97 feet, and near the heel it was 55 feet. Pressure data was collected above and below the retrievable plug used for stage isolation. This data was used for analysis of fracturing treatment data which included mode of propagation, completion efficiency, and a rough estimate of fracture orientation. The analysis showed that; There was no interaction between adjacent fractures during five of the sixty fracturing stages. None of these was in the well interval with shorter fracture spacingFracture shadowing occurred during six fracture stages, again none in the shorter spacing intervalMinor cement defects (micro-annuli) caused some fluid migration into the passive segment of the well. This happened in 27 stages. Of these; In eleven cases the cement defects were plugged after a while, causing the migration of fracturing fluid into the passive interval to stop.In sixteen other cases the fluid migration through cement micro-annuli continued during fracturing.During ten stages, defective zone isolation and fluid migration caused a pressure increase of several hundred psi in the passive segment of the well. But this did not result in extension of passive fractures.The volume of migrated slurry due to inadequate zone isolation was mostly a very small fraction of the injected volume.During five stages poor cement quality hampered stage isolation and caused immediate link between adjacent active and passive intervals and extension of passive fractures.The data indicate possible connection between the active and one passive fracture in four stages.Shorter spacing between stages increased the incidents of fluid migration due to poor cement qualityThe fracturing pressure variations during the treatments did not indicate presence of large stress shadowingA rough estimation of fracture orientation indicates that they were likely to be vertical and nearly perpendicular to the wellbore.The fracture growth pattern can best be described as off-balance. To our knowledge, this is the first time existence of direct communication between adjacent fractures has been observed through actual pressure interference data.

De windmolen

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
JOS BAZELMANS
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
At Home

The windmill. The origins of a Dutch icon The windmill is an icon of the Netherlands. But when did this instrument acquire this symbolic role at home and abroad? After all, mills are also common outside of the Netherlands. In this essay, it is argued that during the second half of the 19th century, foreigners systematically identified the Netherlands and the windmill for the first time. More than in other countries, there was a varied use of mills in the Netherlands, large and robust mills and clusters of industrial mills. Within the Netherlands itself, development towards an iconic position is only visible around the turn of the century when the mill turned out to be a plus in tourist recruitment abroad and when mills were slowly disappearing from the landscape.

Taxonomic notes on Dutch desmids VI (Streptophyta, Desmidiales): new species, newly described zygospores

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIEN VAN WESTEN ◽  
PETER COESEL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
First Time

From the Netherlands, three desmid species are newly described to science: Actinotaenium spinosporum (with zygospores), Staurastrum brachiatoides (with zygospores) and Staurastrum quadriradiatum. In addition to that, zygospores of the rather rare species Staurastrum echinatum are described for the first time. Differences with similar-looking species are discussed.

Epidemiology of omphalocele: data analysis of regional congenital malformation registers in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
N.S. Demikova ◽  
◽  
M.A. Podolnaya ◽  
A.N. Putintsev ◽  
A.S. Lapina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Abdominal Wall Defects ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Positive Time ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Male To Female

Omphalocele is a congenital malformation belonging to the group of abdominal wall defects. Objective. To determine the incidence of omphalocele and analyze its dynamics for the period 2011–2018 in the regions of the Russian Federation according to monitoring data of congenital anomalies. Materials and methods. Statistical analysis of omphalocele cases among newborns and fetuses with malformations for the period 2011–2018 in 22 regions of the Russian Federation was carried out. The incidence of malformations was calculated per 10,000 births. Results. A total of 1,073 cases of omphalocele were reported from 2011 to 2018, of which 69.34% were in fetuses eliminated due to the prenatal detection of malformation, 27.03% – in liveborn fetuses, and 3.63% – in stillborn fetuses. The male to female ratio was 1.56:1. The overall incidence of omphalocele was 2.95 (95% CI 2.77– 3.13) and the incidence among newborns excluding fetuses was 0.9 per 10,000 (95% CI 0.81– 1.01). There was a statistically significant positive time trend in the dynamics of the overall incidence of omphalocele between 2011 and 2018. Conclusion. The evaluation of the incidence of severe malformation – omphalocele – was obtained in different regions of the Russian Federation for the first time. The incidence of this malformation tended to increase over the study period. Male gender and maternal age over 35 years can be considered as risk factors. These results can be used in planning preventive measures. Key words: congenital malformation, monitoring, newborns, omphalocele, fetuses, incidence, epidemiology

Time-Dependent Reasons for Peritoneal Dialysis Technique Failure and Mortality

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Kolesnyk ◽  
Friedo W. Dekker ◽  
Elisabeth W. Boeschoten ◽  
Raymond T. Krediet
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
First Year ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Technique Failure

BackgroundPeritoneal dialysis (PD) technique failure is high compared to hemodialysis (HD). There is a lack of data on the impact of duration of PD treatment on technique survival and on whether there is a difference in risk factors with respect to early and late failure. The aim of this study was to clarify these issues by performing a time-dependent analysis of PD technique and patient survival in a large cohort of incident PD patients.MethodsWe analyzed 709 incident PD patients participating in the Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis (NECOSAD), who started their treatment between 1997 and 2007. We compared technique and patient survival on PD in 4 periods of follow-up: within the first 3 months, and after 3 – 12 months, 12 – 24 months, and 24 – 36 months of treatment. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze survival on PD and technique failure. Risk factors were also identified by comparing patients that were transferred to HD with those that remained on PD. Incidence rates for every cause of dropout for each period of follow-up were calculated to establish their trends with respect to PD treatment duration.ResultsThere was a significant increase in transplantation rate after the first year of treatment. The rate of switching to HD was highest during the first 3 months and decreased afterward. One-, 2- and 3-year technique survival was 87%, 76%, and 66%, respectively. Age, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease appeared to be risk factors for death on PD or switch to HD: a 1-year increase in age was associated with a relative risk (RR) of PD failure of 1.04 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.003 – 1.06]; for diabetes, RR of stopping PD after 3 months of treatment increased from 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 – 3) during the first year to 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 – 4) after the second year; cardiovascular disease had a major impact in the earliest period (RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2 – 5) and had a stable influence further on (RR 2, 95% CI 1.1 – 3.5). Loss of 1 mL/minute residual glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) appeared to be a significant predictor of PD failure after 3 months of treatment, but within the first 2 years, RR was 1.1 (95% CI 1.04 – 1.25).ConclusionsIn The Netherlands, transplantation is a main reason to stop PD treatment. The incidence of PD technique failure is at its highest during the earliest months after treatment initiation and decreases later due to fewer catheter and abdominal complications as well as less influence of psychosocial factors. Risk factors for PD discontinuation are those responsible for patient survival: age, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and rGFR.

Lipoprotein(a) is a strong risk factor for Aortic Valve Calcium

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Kaiser ◽  
S.S Singh ◽  
K.H Zheng ◽  
R Verbeek ◽  
M Kavousi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Western World ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Lipoprotein A

Abstract Background Aortic valve calcium (AVC) is an important hallmark of aortic valve stenosis, which is the most common valvular heart disease in the Western world. Studies suggesting an important role for lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in the etiology of AVC are accumulating, yet population-based evidence is scarce. Therefore, we investigated the association of Lp(a) with the presence of AVC in two large cohorts. Methods A total of 2412 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study (52% women, mean age=69.6±6.3), and 859 asymptomatic persons from the Amsterdam Medical Center outpatient clinic for familial premature (non-valvular) atherosclerosis (57%women, mean age=45.9±11.6) underwent blood sampling to determine serum Lp(a) and non-enhanced cardiac CT-scan to assess AVC. We combined both cohorts and investigated the association of Lp(a) with the presence and amount of AVC using logistic and linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and use of antihypertensive medication. Results Out of a total of 3271 subjects with an average age of 63.4±7.98, AVC was present in 844 (25.8%) individuals. Higher levels of Lp(a) were associated with the presence of AVC, independent of age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors [Odds ratio (OR) per 1-SD increase in Lp(a): 1.39 (95% CI:1.27; 1.51). In persons with AVC, a higher level of Lp(a) was also related to larger volume of AVC [β per 1-SD increase in Lp(a): 0.76 (95% CI:1.27; 1.51)]. All findings were similar across both cohorts. Conclusion Lp(a) is a prominent and independent marker of the presence and amount of AVC in the general population. Future studies investigating the effect of Lp(a) lowering on the progression of AVC are warranted. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): NESTOR program for geriatric research, the Netherlands Heart Foundation, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, the Health Research and Development Council (28-2975 and 97-1-364), and the Municipality of Rotterdam

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