The prevalence of depression in relation to cerebral atrophy and cognitive performance in 70- and 74-year-old women in Gothenburg. The Women's Health Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PÁLSSON ◽  
L. LARSSON ◽  
E. TENGELIN ◽  
M. WAERN ◽  
S. SAMUELSSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Examination

Background. Hospital-based studies report that depression in the elderly is associated with brain atrophy. This notion could not be confirmed in a population study on 85-year-olds. We aimed to assess depression in relation to brain atrophy and cognition in 70- and 74-year-old women.Methods. A representative sample of 70- and 74-year-old women (N = 501) was examined with a psychiatric examination including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), measuring global cognitive function, and computerized tomography (CT) of the brain (N = 268). Depression was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R. Previous depression was diagnosed by history and by information from previous examinations in this 24-year longitudinal study.Results. The prevalence of depression was 11·6%, including 8·4% with major depression (MDD). Among those who were currently mentally healthy, 43·0% had a history of previous depression. Women with current MDD had lower scores on the MMSE than the mentally healthy women. This association was only found in women with a lower level of education. Current depressives, previous depressives and mentally healthy women without a history of depression did not differ on CT with regard to brain atrophy or white matter lesions. The association between MDD and lower cognitive performance was independent of the association of cognitive performance with structural brain changes on CT.Conclusions. Brain atrophy on CT is not associated with depression in the general population, despite the fact that individuals with depression have a worse cognitive performance. The finding that cognitive performance was not decreased in individuals with previous depression suggests that cognitive dysfunction is a state phenomenon in depression.

Prestroke Physical Activity and Poststroke Cognitive Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-638
Author(s):  
Andreas Gammelgaard Damsbo ◽  
Janne Kaergaard Mortensen ◽  
Kristian Lundsgaard Kraglund ◽  
Søren Paaske Johnsen ◽  
Grethe Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Physical Activity Scale

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Physical activity (PA) is associated with a lower risk of stroke and stroke mortality as well as a favorable stroke outcome. PA may also prevent general cognitive decline. Poststroke cognitive impairment is both common and disabling, and focusing on all possible preventive measures is important. Studies on the effect of PA on poststroke cognitive performance are sparse, however. We therefore aimed to examine the association between prestroke PA and poststroke cognitive performance. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We studied the correlation between prestroke PA and poststroke cognitive performance in a prespecified analysis in The Efficacy of Citalopram Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke (TALOS) trial. We used the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) to collect information on PA during the 7-day period before stroke. PA was quantified, and patients were stratified into quartiles based on their PASE score. Cognitive performance was measured using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) at 1 and 6 months and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at 6 months. The functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 625 of 642 patients (97%) completed the PASE questionnaire. The median age was 69 (interquartile range [IQR]: 60–77), and the median PASE score was 137 (82–205). Higher prestroke PASE quartiles (2nd, 3rd, and 4th, each compared to the 1st) were independently associated with a higher SDMT score at 1 month in the both the univariable and multivariable analyses (2nd: 3.99 points, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–6.97; 3rd: 3.6, CI: 0.6–6.61; 4th: 4.1, CI: 0.95–7.24). This association remained at 6 months. PA was not statistically associated with the MMSE score or mRS. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Higher prestroke PA was associated with a better cognitive performance as measured by the SDMT at 1 and 6 months poststroke. We found no significant association between prestroke PA and functional outcome. Our results are encouraging and support further investigations of PA as a protective measure against poststroke cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Impact of cognitive performance on the functional capacity of an elderly population in Natal, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keithlen Cruz Moreira de Castro ◽  
Ricardo Oliveira Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
State Examination

Functional incapacity and cognitive impairment are conditions related to the process of human aging. Cognitive impairment is considered an important predicitve factor for functional impairment in elderly populations. This cross-sectional study analyzes the association between cognitive performance and functional capacity in an elderly population sample in Natal, Brazil. A total of 213 elderly persons were assessed by the BOAS Multidimensional Questionnaire (Brazil Old Age Schedule) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The results of multivariate analysis and linear regression showed that age and schooling level are factors associated with cognitive performance in the elderly of this study. The final explicative model, elaborated by logistic regression, found that cognitive performance was the only predicitve variable of functional incapacity for the activities of daily living even when adjusted for sociodemographic variables.

Cognitive performance among the elderly and dietary fish intake: the Hordaland Health Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 1470-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eha Nurk ◽  
Christian A Drevon ◽  
Helga Refsum ◽  
Kari Solvoll ◽  
Stein E Vollset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Dietary Fish

scholarly journals OVERVIEW OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY WITH VARIATIONS OF TOTAL REMAINING TEETH REVIEW FROM MINI-MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 168-181
Author(s):  
Ifwandi ◽  
Dewi Saputri ◽  
Liana Rahmayani ◽  
Pocut Aya Sofya ◽  
Syahrial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Examination

When a person reaches the elderly phase, the function of the body's organs decreases, which causes an increased risk of disease and death. Including dental infections such as caries and periodontal disease which are the main factors for tooth loss. Tooth loss does not only affect the impact of mastication but also affects a person's cognitive function. This condition occurs because when a person loses teeth, the function of the Periodontal Mechanoreceptors decreases, disrupting the function of the hippocampus which is important for memory in the brain. Loss of a large number of teeth tends to indicate low cognitive function, but several factors affect cognitive function, namely education level, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, heart disease, depression, sleep disorders, head injury, physical activity, and a history of smoking. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a tool to assess a person's cognitive function. This study aims to see the description of cognitive function in the elderly at the Geunaseh Sayang Nursing Home with variations in the number of tooth losses. This study was conducted with 43 research subjects with interviews and intra-oral examination methods. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the elderly who only have fewer teeth show a higher decline in cognitive function compared to the elderly with more teeth in the oral cavity. This is following the theory which states that the more teeth you lose, the lower your cognitive function will be. 

Depression in the Elderly Living in the Community

1987 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ben-Arie ◽  
L. Swartz ◽  
B. J. Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Suicidal Intent ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Almost All ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Elderly Living ◽  
Low Rate

A prevalence of depression of 13% was found among 139 coloured persons aged 65 years and over, living in the community in Cape Town, which accords with figures elsewhere. A high rate of hypochondriasis was found, but there was a low rate of suicidal intent, which could be explained by good social support. Observed depression and a depressed mood occurred in almost all depressed patients; as defined in the Present State Examination, these items appear to be an excellent screen for depression.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms and cognitive performance of the elderly: relationship between institutionalization and activity programs

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Cristina F Plati ◽  
Priscila Covre ◽  
Katerina Lukasova ◽  
Elizeu Coutinho de Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Visual Organization ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Naming Test ◽  
Fluency Test

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of depressive symptoms and to evaluate cognitive performance of institutionalized versus non-institutionalized elderly subjects and to compare the effect of institutionalization and participation in the institution's activity programs on their cognitive performance. METHOD: A group of 120 elderly subjects with a mean age of 71 years and average schooling of 4.2 years was evaluated. The participants were divided into 3 groups: non-institutionalized (n = 37); institutionalized with activities (n = 37); institutionalized without activities (n = 46). The groups were matched for age, gender and educational level. The following assessment instruments were used: the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Verbal Fluency Test and the computerized versions of the Hooper Visual Organization Test and the Boston Naming Test. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS: The two groups of institutionalized elderly showed higher frequency of depressive symptoms when compared to non-institutionalized subjects and worse performance on the Verbal Fluency Test. The institutionalized group without activities had lower scores on Mental State Examination, Boston Naming Test and Hooper Visual Organization Test when compared to the other two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Institutionalization of the elderly seems to be related to worse cognitive performance. Activity programs during institutionalization may be effective in minimizing cognitive functional loss.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Mini Mental State Examination and depressive symptoms between high cardiovascular risk and healthy community elderly groups

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lucas da Costa ◽  
Juliana Santos Varela ◽  
Osmar Mazetti ◽  
Luciane Restelatto ◽  
Andry Fitterman Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Healthy Community ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

Abstract The aging of the population is a universal phenomenon with direct consequences upon the public health system. One of the main repercussions of the growth in this sector of the population is the increased prevalence of disorders such as dementia and depression which are very frequent among the elderly. The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors, dementia and depression have been addressed in many recent investigations. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship of cognitive performance and depressive symptoms with cardiovascular risk in the elderly. Methods: 94 high cardiovascular risk elderly patients and 160 healthy community elderly were evaluated cross-sectionally. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) were used as the main measures. The cutoff for presence of depression was 6 on the GDS. Results: The high cardiovascular risk elderly group showed significantly lower scores on the MMSE (p<0.001) and was significantly associated to depression (p<0.001), independently of education. The logistic regression analysis for depression as the dependent variable, age and group (healthy community or high cardiovascular risk elderly) were kept in the final equation. Higher age (Odds Ratio=0.92; 95% CI 0.86-0.98) and high cardiovascular risk elderly (OR=2.99; 95% CI 1.36-6.59) were associated to depression. Conclusions: The present findings corroborate the different cognitive performance of elderly with high cardiovascular risk factors and the association of depressive symptoms with this group.

The prevalence of depression among Australian nursing home residents: results using draft ICD-10 and DSM-III-R criteria

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Phillips ◽  
A. S. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
State Examination

SYNOPSISThe aims of this study were, first, to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorders in Australian nursing home residents using international diagnostic criteria, and second, to explore environmental determinants of such disorders. Residents of 24 nursing homes were surveyed using the Canberra Interview for the Elderly (CIE) and a range of environmental measures was also taken. Of 323 residents who were screened for cognitive impairment, 165 (51%) scored 18 or above on the Mini-Mental State Examination (Folstein et al. 1975), and were interviewed with the CIE. According to DSM-III-R criteria and the CIE, the prevalence of major depressive episode was 9·7%. Using ICD-10 criteria, 6·1% of residents suffered from a severe depressive episode, 6·7% from a moderate depressive episode and 6·7% from a mild depressive episode. Some measures of the social environment were significantly related to depressive symptoms.

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