14C Record and Wiggle-Match Placement for the Anatolian (Gordion Area) Juniper Tree-Ring Chronology ~1729 to 751 Cal BC, and Typical Aegean/Anatolian (Growing Season Related) Regional 14C Offset Assessment

The East Mediterranean Radiocarbon (inter-)Comparison Project (EMRCP) has measured the 14C ages of a number of sets of tree rings from the Gordion Area dendrochronology from central Anatolia at the Heidelberg Radiocarbon Laboratory. In several cases, multiple measurements were made over a period from the 1980s to 2009. This paper presents the final data set from this work (128 high-precision measurements), and considers (i) the relationship of these data against the standard Northern Hemisphere 14C calibration data set (IntCal09), and (ii) the optimum calendar dating of this floating tree-ring record on the basis of the final set of high-precision 14C data. It finds good agreement between the Anatolian data and IntCal09 in some important intervals (e.g. ∼1729 to 1350 cal BC) and observes one period (9th–8th centuries BC) where there appears to be some indication of a regional/growing season signal, and another period (later 14th–13th centuries BC) where IntCal09 may not best reflect the real 14C record. The scale of the typical growing-season-related regional 14C offset (ΔR) between the Aegean/Anatolian region and IntCal09 is also assessed (for the mid-2nd millennium BC and mid-2nd millennium AD), and found to be usually minor (at times where there are no major additional forcing factors and/or issues with the IntCal09 data set): of the order of 2–4 ± 2–4 yr.

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Investigating the Interhemispheric 14C Offset in the 1st Millennium AD and Assessment of Laboratory Bias and Calibration Errors

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200034238 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 1177-1186 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Alan Hogg ◽

Jonathan Palmer ◽

Gretel Boswijk ◽

Paula Reimer ◽

David Brown

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Southern Hemisphere ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Tree Ring ◽

High Precision ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Data Set ◽

Ocean Atmosphere ◽

Calibration Data Set

Past measurements of the radiocarbon interhemispheric offset have been restricted to relatively young samples because of a lack of older dendrochronologically secure Southern Hemisphere tree-ring chronologies. The Southern Hemisphere calibration data set SHCal04 earlier than AD 950 utilizes a variable interhemispheric offset derived from measured 2nd millennium AD Southern Hemisphere/Northern Hemisphere sample pairs with the assumption of stable Holocene ocean/atmosphere interactions. This study extends the range of measured interhemispheric offset values with 20 decadal New Zealand kauri and Irish oak sample pairs from 3 selected time intervals in the 1st millennium AD and is part of a larger program to obtain high-precision Southern Hemisphere 14C data continuously back to 200 BC. We found an average interhemispheric offset of 35 ± 6 yr, which although consistent with previously published 2nd millennium AD measurements, is lower than the offset of 55–58 yr utilized in SHCal04. We concur with McCormac et al. (2008) that the IntCal04 measurement for AD 775 may indeed be slightly too old but also suggest the McCormac results appear excessively young for the interval AD 755–785. In addition, we raise the issue of laboratory bias and calibration errors, and encourage all laboratories to check their consistency with appropriate calibration curves and invest more effort into improving the accuracy of those curves.

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Cariaco Basin Calibration Update: Revisions to Calendar and 14C Chronologies for Core Pl07-58Pc

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200033075 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 1161-1187 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Konrad A Hughen ◽

John R Southon ◽

Chanda J H Bertrand ◽

Brian Frantz ◽

Paula Zermeño

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Cariaco Basin ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Varve Chronology ◽

Pine Tree ◽

Tree Ring Data ◽

Calibration Data Set ◽

Recent Version ◽

Radiocarbon Calibration

This paper describes the methods used to develop the Cariaco Basin PL07-58PC marine radiocarbon calibration data set. Background measurements are provided for the period when Cariaco samples were run, as well as revisions leading to the most recent version of the floating varve chronology. The floating Cariaco chronology has been anchored to an updated and expanded Preboreal pine tree-ring data set, with better estimates of uncertainty in the wiggle-match. Pending any further changes to the dendrochronology, these results represent the final Cariaco 58PC calibration data set.

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Quality Dating: A Well-Defined Protocol Implemented at ETH for High-Precision 14C-Dates Tested on Late Glacial Wood

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/rdc.2019.132 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 891-899 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Adam Sookdeo ◽

Bernd Kromer ◽

Ulf Büntgen ◽

Michael Friedrich ◽

Ronny Friedrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Tree Ring ◽

High Precision ◽

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽

Late Glacial ◽

Tree Ring Chronology ◽

Continuous Measurements ◽

Calibration Curves

ABSTRACTAdvances in accelerator mass spectrometry have resulted in an unprecedented amount of new high-precision radiocarbon (14C) -dates, some of which will redefine the international 14C calibration curves (IntCal and SHCal). Often these datasets are unaccompanied by detailed quality insurances in place at the laboratory, questioning whether the 14C structure is real, a result of a laboratory variation or measurement-scatter. A handful of intercomparison studies attempt to elucidate laboratory offsets but may fail to identify measurement-scatter and are often financially constrained. Here we introduce a protocol, called Quality Dating, implemented at ETH-Zürich to ensure reproducible and accurate high-precision 14C-dates. The protocol highlights the importance of the continuous measurements and evaluation of blanks, standards, references and replicates. This protocol is tested on an absolutely dated German Late Glacial tree-ring chronology, part of which is intercompared with the Curt Engelhorn-Center for Archaeometry, Mannheim, Germany (CEZA). The combined dataset contains 170 highly resolved, highly precise 14C-dates that supplement three decadal dates spanning 280 cal. years in IntCal, and provides detailed 14C structure for this interval.

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TARGETED ADVERTISING IN THE BREAKFAST CEREAL INDUSTRY

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/aae.2017.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 382-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

JOSHUA BERNING ◽

ADAM N. RABINOWITZ

Keyword(s):

Product Differentiation ◽

Food Product ◽

Television Advertising ◽

Breakfast Cereal ◽

Data Set ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Cereal Industry ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into

AbstractWe examine the relationship of product characteristics of ready-to-eat breakfast cereal and targeted television advertising to specific consumer segments. We compile a unique data set that includes brand-packaging characteristics, including on-box games, nutrition information, and cobranding. We find that the relationship of television advertising and a cereal's brand-packaging characteristics varies by target audience. Our results provide insight into understanding how manufacturers strategically utilize branding, packaging, and television advertising. This can help industry and policy makers develop food product advertising policy. This analysis extends to other product markets where extensive product differentiation and promotion are present as well.

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An improvement to the ANN-enhanced flow rating method

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-221 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bernhard Schmid

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Water Resources ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Major Ions ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Data Set ◽

Input Variables ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The work reported here builds upon a previous pilot study by the author on ANN-enhanced flow rating (Schmid, 2020), which explored the use of electrical conductivity (EC) in addition to stage to obtain &#8216;better&#8217;, i.e. more accurate and robust, estimates of streamflow. The inclusion of EC has an advantage, when the relationship of EC versus flow rate is not chemostatic in character. In the majority of cases, EC is, indeed, not chemostatic, but tends to decrease with increasing discharge (so-called dilution behaviour), as reported by e.g. Moatar et al. (2017), Weijs et al. (2013) and Tunqui Neira et al.(2020). This is also in line with this author&#8217;s experience.The research presented here takes the neural network based approach one major step further and incorporates the temporal rate of change in stage and the direction of change in EC among the input variables (which, thus, comprise stage, EC, change in stage and direction of change in EC). Consequently, there are now 4 input variables in total employed as predictors of flow rate. Information on the temporal changes in both flow rate and EC helps the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) characterize hysteretic behaviour, with EC assuming different values for falling and rising flow rate, respectively, as described, for instance, by Singley et al. (2017).The ANN employed is of the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) type, with stage, EC, change in stage and direction of change in EC of the M&#246;dling data set (Schmid, 2020) as input variables. Summarising the stream characteristics, the M&#246;dling brook can be described as a small Austrian stream with a catchment of fairly mixed composition (forests, agricultural and urbanized areas). The relationship of EC versus flow reflects dilution behaviour. Neural network configuration 4-5-1 (the 4 input variables mentioned above, 5 hidden nodes and discharge as the single output) with learning rate 0.05 and momentum 0.15 was found to perform best, with testing average RMSE (root mean square error) of the scaled output after 100,000 epochs amounting to 0.0138 as compared to 0.0216 for the (best performing) 2-5-1 MLP with stage and EC as inputs only. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;ReferencesMoatar, F., Abbott, B.W., Minaudo, C., Curie, F. and Pinay, G.: Elemental properties, hydrology, and biology interact to shape concentration-discharge curves for carbon, nutrients, sediment and major ions. Water Resources Res., 53, 1270-1287, 2017.Schmid, B.H.: Enhanced flow rating using neural networks with water stage and electrical conductivity as predictors. EGU2020-1804, EGU General Assembly 2020.Singley, J.G., Wlostowski, A.N., Bergstrom, A.J., Sokol, E.R., Torrens, C.L., Jaros, C., Wilson, C.,E., Hendrickson, P.J. and Gooseff, M.N.: Characterizing hyporheic exchange processes using high-frequency electrical conductivity-discharge relationships on subhourly to interannual timescales. Water Resources Res. 53, 4124-4141, 2017.Tunqui Neira, J.M., Andr&#233;assian, V., Tallec, G. and Mouchel, J.-M.: A two-sided affine power scaling relationship to represent the concentration-discharge relationship. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 24, 1823-1830, 2020.Weijs, S.V., Mutzner, R. and Parlange, M.B.: Could electrical conductivity replace water level in rating curves for alpine streams? Water Resources Research 49, 343-351, 2013.

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The response of the time-term method to simulated crustal structures

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ◽

10.1785/bssa0690051455 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 1455-1473

Author(s):

D. N. Whitcombe ◽

P. K. H. Maguire

Keyword(s):

Velocity Structure ◽

Seismic Refraction ◽

Critical Distance ◽

Structural Variations ◽

Data Set ◽

Term Model ◽

Time Term ◽

Seismic Refraction Data ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

abstract The time-term method of interpreting seismic refraction data is analyzed to examine inadequacies in the chosen time-term model by relating observational errors to the solution variance. The results obtained from data that has been simulated for various structures are investigated. This is done quantitatively for simple structures and semi-quantitatively for more complex cases. Velocity and topographic variations of the refractor are considered as signals having dominant wavelengths. It is found that the response of the time-term method to these structural variations depends on the relationship of the structural wavelength to the dimensions of the experiment and the critical distance. For all but the simplest structures, the standard error estimates that can be obtained from a time-term solution are likely to be completely inadequate as estimates of the true error. It is demonstrated that if the refractor is anything other than uniform, the effects of a complicated velocity structure may be absorbed into the time terms. Similarly it is argued that in situations in which the refractor is not horizontal, erroneous values for complex velocity coefficients (e.g., gradient, anisotropy, etc.) can be obtained if these coefficients are included in the chosen time-term model. Finally, it is indicated that reduced travel times can be used in a way that removes the “stirring pot” aspect of time-term analysis, and to determine if a data set is suitable for examination by the time-term method.

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The Relationship Between Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Banks in Tanzania

Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 ◽

10.24212/2179-3565.2016v7i1p28-38 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Janeth N. Isanzu

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Financial Performance ◽

Intellectual Capital ◽

Performance Indicators ◽

Data Set ◽

Capital Efficiency ◽

Period Data ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Efficiency Indicators

This study examines intellectual capital (IC) performance of banks operating in Tanzania,and investigates the relationship of IC on financial performance. It identifies the IC componentsthat may be the drivers of the traditional indicators of bank success. The study uses the ValueAdded of Intellectual Coefficient VAIC™ methodology, to measure the Intellectual Capitalefficiency of the Banks using a four years period data set from 2010 to 2013. The results of asurvey, show that intellectual capital performance of Tanzania is low and it is positively associatedwith bank financial performance indicators. However, when VAIC is split into its components, therelationships between these components and bank financial performance indicators vary. Threevalue efficiency indicators, Human Capital Efficiency (HCE), Capital Employed Efficiency (CEE) andStructural Capital Efficiency (SCE) which are the components of VAIC™ ratio, were used in theanalysis.

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A Phylogenomic Approach to Clarifying the Relationship of Mesodinium within the Ciliophora: A Case Study in the Complexity of Mixed-Species Transcriptome Analyses

Genome Biology and Evolution ◽

10.1093/gbe/evz233 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3218-3232

Author(s):

Erica Lasek-Nesselquist ◽

Matthew D Johnson

Keyword(s):

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Mixed Species ◽

Data Set ◽

Sequencing Project ◽

Genome Data ◽

Massive Sequencing ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Recent high-throughput sequencing endeavors have yielded multigene/protein phylogenies that confidently resolve several inter- and intra-class relationships within the phylum Ciliophora. We leverage the massive sequencing efforts from the Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project, other SRA submissions, and available genome data with our own sequencing efforts to determine the phylogenetic position of Mesodinium and to generate the most taxonomically rich phylogenomic ciliate tree to date. Regardless of the data mining strategy, the multiprotein data set, or the molecular models of evolution employed, we consistently recovered the same well-supported relationships among ciliate classes, confirming many of the higher-level relationships previously identified. Mesodinium always formed a monophyletic group with members of the Litostomatea, with mixotrophic species of Mesodinium—M. rubrum, M. major, and M. chamaeleon—being more closely related to each other than to the heterotrophic member, M. pulex. The well-supported position of Mesodinium as sister to other litostomes contrasts with previous molecular analyses including those from phylogenomic studies that exploited the same transcriptomic databases. These topological discrepancies illustrate the need for caution when mining mixed-species transcriptomes and indicate that identifying ciliate sequences among prey contamination—particularly for Mesodinium species where expression from stolen prey nuclei appears to dominate—requires thorough and iterative vetting with phylogenies that incorporate sequences from a large outgroup of prey.

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A New Annual 14C Dataset for Calibrating the Thera Eruption

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/rdc.2020.33 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 953-961 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ronny Friedrich ◽

Bernd Kromer ◽

Lukas Wacker ◽

Jesper Olsen ◽

Sabine Remmele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Annual Data ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Tree Ring Chronology ◽

Time Period ◽

Oak Tree ◽

Thera Eruption

ABSTRACTAnnually resolved tree-ring samples of the time period 1625–1510 BCE were analyzed from the German oak tree-ring chronology. Blocks of the same tree rings were previously used to generate IntCal calibration data. The new dataset shows an offset to the calibration data IntCal13 of 24 years and resembles annual data for the same time period derived from tree-ring records in other growth locations. A subset of samples of the period 1625–1585 BCE was additionally measured in three other laboratories (ETH, AAR, AA) for quality control.

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A 241-Year Cryptomeria fortune Tree-Ring Chronology in Humid Subtropical China and Its Linkages with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11030247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 247

Author(s):

Zhipeng Dong ◽

Dai Chen ◽

Jianhua Du ◽

Guang Yang ◽

Maowei Bai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Pacific Decadal Oscillation ◽

Asian Summer Monsoon ◽

Growing Season ◽

Subtropical China ◽

Tree Ring Chronology ◽

The Pacific ◽

The World ◽

Asian Summer

Humid subtropical China is an “oasis” relative to other dry subtropics of the world due to the prevailing of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Although many long climate sensitive tree-rings have been published to understand the historical climate change over various regions in China, long tree-ring chronologies in humid subtropical China are rare due to the difficulty to find old growth trees. This study established a tree-ring chronology spanning from 1776 to 2016 from Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk ex Otto et Dietr in Liancheng area of humid subtropical China, which is also currently the longest chronology in Fujian province. Similar to the climate-growth relationships in neighboring regions, our tree-ring chronology is limited by cold temperature in winter and spring and drought in summer. In addition, a drought stress before the growing season also played a role in limiting the growth of our tree rings. Our climate sensitive tree rings showed different correlations with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in different periods, possibly via modulation of the EASM.

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