The Radical Goals of Slave Morality in Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morality

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-268
Author(s):  
Thomas Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Natural Order ◽  
General View ◽  
Human Being

AbstractThis paper offers a new account of Nietzsche's critique of morality in the first treatise of his On the Genealogy of Morality. According to the general view, Nietzsche places political revenge at the center of slave morality: the priest invents slave morality in order to rule the noble. I argue that this view is incomplete, for Nietzsche's deeper critique reveals that the priest's revenge is not purely political but also radically ontological. Ultimately, the priest aims at supplanting not just the noble but also the rule of nature. This reading reveals the priest's attempt to transform the natural order of rank through imagining the human being as subject to the omnipotent God of monotheism, i.e., the “just God.” This interpretation not only broadens our understanding of Nietzsche's critique of morality but also clarifies its purpose, namely, to show us how the demand for morality can blind us to the world's truths.

scholarly journals XIV. Observations on the Structure of the Fruit in the Order of Cucurbitaceæ

1828 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
Francis Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
General View

The fruit in this natural order does not appear to have been well understood by most botanists; and I shall therefore attempt to give a general view of what appears to me to be its structure; and most of the parts are visible in the section which is here given (Plate IX. Fig. 1.) of the beautiful but insipid Indian Melon (Cucumis Melo) called Phuti.The outer parietes (Fig. 1. a,) when young, are thick, fleshy, and undivided by sutures, with an uniform rind, not separable from the fleshy part. As the fruit ripens, the rind in some cases becomes so thin as to be unable to contain the pulpy matter, and bursts either gradually, as in the melon, or with elasticity as in the Momordica and Elaterium of Tournefort. At other times, the rind hardens either into a thin substance like leather or strong paper, as in the Luffa, or into a strong ligneous covering, as in the Cucurbita leucanthema or gourd. In these cases, it sometimes opens horizontally, by means of an operculum, which falls off and leaves an aperture for the seeds, as in Fig. 2. representing the summit of the Luffa called Picinna in the Hortus Malabaricus.

Herder and the Jewish Question

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick C. Beiser
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Language History ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

Herder brings the entire human being into focus by tracing its connections with the natural, cultural, and historical world. The first part of the volume examines the various dimensions of Herder’s philosophical understanding of human nature through which he sought methodologically to delineate a genuinely anthropological philosophy. This includes his critique of traditional metaphysics and its revision along anthropological lines; the metaphysical, epistemological, and physiological dimensions of his theory of the soul-body relationship; his conception of aesthetics as the study of the sensuous basis of knowledge; and the relationship between the human and natural sciences. The second part then examines further aspects of this understanding of human nature and what emerges from it: the human-animal distinction; how human life evolves over space and time on the basis of a natural order; the fundamentally hermeneutic dimension to human existence; and the interrelatedness of language, history, religion, and culture.

LE MYTHE D’ÉLECTRE DANS L’OEUVRE DE TROIS POÈTES DE L’ANTIQUITÉ

Trictrac ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Chiciudean
Keyword(s):  
Common Source ◽  
General View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Old Men

This paper is the first part of a larger study that depicts the transformation of Electra’s myth in theatre plays, from its origins to modernity, its continuous accommodation to different epochs and mentalities, to historical contexts, aesthetical tendencies, new literary genres and subgenres and, last but not least, the author’s personality. The paper focuses on Electra’s myth in antique poetry and offers a general view on the tragedy, its origin and structure, elements, action and characters, with concrete examples from Aeschylus’ Orestia, Sophocles’ Electra and Euripides’ Electra. Considering the myth as a major instance of the imagination, interesting in its syntax (formal structures) and semantics (symbolism), we underline the constant constants met in the abovementioned tragedies, e.g. revenge and redemption and other invariable elements. The transformations suffered by the myth are very well reflected by the Greek tragedies. Sophocles and Euripides get their inspiration from Aeschylus but they modify the structure of the tragedy and the tragic character of the hero. If Aeschylus insists on the power of gods over human beings, for Sophocles the human being becomes more important. Euripides’ works are considered more innovative both on the level of content and construction. His characters are devoid of greatness, they are common human beings obliged to earn their living, old men and women, frightened prisoners and cowards. Thus, myth as a common source of inspiration, especially the cycle of the Atreidai, namely the episode of Clytemnestra’s killing by Orestes, is to be met in the three poets’ works in different interpretations. Our goal is to follow the mythical invariants met in the three tragedies (the abovementioned revenge and redemption), as well as constant elements such as recognition, choice of characters, the importance of the choir, the messenger, the judgement, etc.

THE SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO THE NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Vincentas Lamanauskas
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
General Nature ◽  
General View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Science Education

A term “Natural Science(s)” most frequently associates with natural sciences such as physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, geography, etc., i.e. inanimate and animate nature. An extensive list of sci-ences testifies to the complexity of nature and its problematic character. The senior forms of comprehensive school are taught these sciences as individual subjects with little interdependence. Thus, undivided materiali-ty of nature seems to be “disjointed” and a general view of it is lost. Trying to perceive the phenomena that surround us, we always divide the world into single dimensions (for easier perception). What would happen if a chemist saw the world in a hundred – dimensional universe (following the number of chemical ele-ments)?! How deeply and properly one part may be studied it can never disclose the wholeness (a holistic or systemic aspect). On the other hand, we try to design complex systems from the observed and perceived single-dimensional fragments (for example, periodic law, etc.). In this case, any subject of nature cannot describe the wholeness of it. Of course, the view of general nature cannot be fully displayed within the frame of one of its branches. We have lost the real world as the set of interconnected parts. The pictures of the partial worlds (a world of physics, chemistry, biology, etc.) are fragmentary, incoherent and influence our consciousness as a stream of separate pictures. Therefore, it is necessary to form a system that would comprise the knowledge accumulated by all natural sciences establishing the linkage between subjects, inte-grating the knowledge of natural sciences, creating a picture of the world and turning back to the undivided individual world. Thus, in order to clearly realize and understand our environment and nature, to perceive therein existing relations between phenomena and laws, to have orientation in nature following the latest requirements for a scientific knowledge, it is equally important both, the differentiation and integration of natural sciences: the reconstruction of the “disjoined” nature as a unified system in a more advanced level of a theoretic cognition. The task to be resolved is in no manner easy; still the solution has to necessarily be found. The emphasis is put today on one of the reasons indicating why interest in natural sciences is de-creasing. The point is that natural science education (physics, chemistry, biology, etc.) stands behind the latest academic science achievements. According to N.Lisov (2000), scientific content is a key component of the educational process that promotes general - theoretic and functional - practical literacy of a person. The necessity of systemic thinking (approach) unfolds and implements natural science education. The correlation between human being and nature becomes more and more problematic. Human being cannot be treated only as a component of biosphere. The necessary systemic development of both nature and society is considered to be examined. In other words, a mind strategy is needful in the correlation with nature, society and a technical environment. Hypothetically we can say that nature “created” human being and human being established technical (technological) environment, but the latter “turned back” to both nature and human being. How not to wander? Although every living creature, including human being, is able to keep stability (homeostasis) it has to succeed in changing (evolution) as great stability can harm any organism. The sys-temic approach is extremely important to natural science education. The acknowledgment of a single com-ponent does not afford an opportunity to perceive the whole system. A similar method could be used creating a number of systems. For example, thermodynamics (entro-py, chaos, temperature and thermal energy are fundamental characteristics of thermodynamics), cybernetics (information and management are two fundamental characteristics of cybernetics) and synergetic (a science explaining the links between the phenomena, seeking to find out the origin of new objects that produce new phenomena or disappear) can be examined only as a closely operating system. Nature study (in a broad sense) is a complex, specific subject. Human being needs to be trained to feel nature and research it what makes him able to immediately communicate with it. Nature value awareness, experience and practice impersonation are the fundamental manifestations of the interaction between human being and nature. This is one of the primary tasks of natural science education in the 21st century. Key words: science education, systemic approach, human being, general education.

حقوق العجائز في ضوء القران والسنة - دراسة تأصيلية

ĪQĀN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nazakat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Law ◽  
Special Priority ◽  
Over Time

Human being, when gets closer to annihilation, he becomes vulnerable as he progresses towards weakness and eventually he becomes mortal. It is the natural process of a human being that he becomes weak over time, but at the same time, where he is near death, then Allah makes him his beloved. He increases the importance of his weakness and develops sympathy for the elders in his immediate surroundings. If Allah has kept his command in a natural order, he has not left it on the requirements of this natural process, but has revealed the guidance of revelation for it, so that if human beings are to be lacking in these matters. If found, then the instructions of revelation should enlighten him on the completion of this process, and he will succeed in the test that is being run in the background of whole system. Thus, the Shari’ah has produced the precise incentive of each and every order in this order, even though there are those who institute the natural requirements. One of these countless issues is the rights of the elders & elderly. The following two main sources of Islamic Shariah are discussed with the Qur’an and Sunnah. The rules of the law are the same for all, but the Shari’ah separates elders from the end of life and gives special priority to them. This research explains their significant rights, describes their rights in the Qur’an.

Dualism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Property Dualism ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Mental Properties ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Mental Events

Dualism is the view that mental phenomena are, in some respect, nonphysical. The best-known version is due to Descartes (1641), and holds that the mind is a nonphysical substance. Descartes argued that, because minds have no spatial properties and physical reality is essentially extended in space, minds are wholly nonphysical. Every human being is accordingly a composite of two objects: a physical body, and a nonphysical object that is that human being’s mind. On a weaker version of dualism, which contemporary thinkers find more acceptable, human beings are physical substances but have mental properties, and those properties are not physical. This view is known as property dualism, or the dual-aspect theory. Several considerations appear to support dualism. Mental phenomena are strikingly different from all others, and the idea that they are nonphysical may explain just how they are distinctive. Moreover, physical reality conforms to laws formulated in strictly mathematical terms. But, because mental phenomena such as thinking, desiring and sensing seem intractable to being described in mathematical terms, it is tempting to conclude that these phenomena are not physical. In addition, many mental states are conscious states – states that we are aware of in a way that seems to be wholly unmediated. And many would argue that, whatever the nature of mental phenomena that are not conscious, consciousness cannot be physical. There are also, however, reasons to resist dualism. People, and other creatures with mental endowments, presumably exist wholly within the natural order, and it is generally held that all natural phenomena are built up from basic physical constituents. Dualism, however, represents the mind as uniquely standing outside this unified physical picture. There is also a difficulty about causal relations between mind and body. Mental events often cause bodily events, as when a desire causes an action, and bodily events often cause mental events, for example in perceiving. But the causal interactions into which physical events enter are governed by laws that connect physical events. So if the mental is not physical, it would be hard to understand how mental events can interact causally with bodily events. For these reasons and others, dualism is, despite various reasons advanced in its support, a theoretically uncomfortable position.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 196-204
Author(s):  
Tim Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Global Justice ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Institutional Order

This concluding chapter sums up the key arguments of the book and indicates questions for further research. It emphasizes that the existing international institutions did not come into being through any constitutional process and are not necessarily suited to achieving what is best for people or planet. Hence proposals of modest reform of the emerging global institutional order may not be a sufficient basis for meeting the imperatives of our age. The financial system needs to be constrained to track more realistically the sense of proportion to be discerned in the natural order of things and in the idea of a rough equality of every human being. The challenge, viewed as a normative objective of global justice, is to supplant the current implicit and private constitution that facilitates the rule of finance globally by arrangements whose immanent purpose is to support the achievement of justice, sustainability, and peace.

Jesus, Human Being and the Praxis of Intercession: Towards a Biblical Perspective

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-250
Author(s):  
Ian G. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Intercessory Prayer ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Images Of God ◽  
The Status ◽  
Biblical Perspective ◽  
Bear Witness

The problems surrounding intercessory prayer are manifold and well rehearsed; and few areas of religious observance undergo more of a metamorphosis during the life of a believer. Invocation of God to intervene so that the ‘divine will’ might be done more often than not gives way to a benign acceptance of the status quo and to the hallowing of time in which God is sought in all circumstances. And in this process many unhelpful notions of prayer are laid to rest. Images of God as cosmic messenger, interrupter of the natural order and manipulator of so-called human freedom prove incompatible with the canon of experience, to say nothing of a host of philosophical and theological objections. The resulting interpretations of intercession, however, are often far from convincing, especially when viewed in the light of scripture, which seems to bear witness to a God who, whilst independent from creation, remains intimately involved in its business and, especially, in that of humanity. For instance, there is the impression – stemming, perhaps, from the relative silence of many spiritual writers – that intercession is a ‘lesser’ form of prayer and one which must necessarily be jettisoned in the journey towards God as the soul is dispossessed of all insularity and self-centredness. Then there are the attempts to re-appropriate the language of intercession within a spirituality which is compatible with a modern world view.

scholarly journals PENDIDIKAN WANITA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KAUM FEMINIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Fihris Fihris
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
General View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Status Of Women

<p class="ABSTRAK2">Education is a highly recommended in Islam, clearly Qur'an and hadith does not differentiate between men and women in providing educational opportunities. Both sexes are equally have rights and obligations in the scientific world. Acquisition of knowledge is a funda-mental right of every human being without distinction of sex. Thus, the general view of the Qur'an in terms of gender relations, in particular on the role and status of women, is very positive and constructive. Basically, the content and substance of the teachings of Islam is emphasized the spirit of equality and justice, the under-standing of this widely becoming a very urgent matter. Therefore it needs a thorough understanding of (univer-sal) in internalize the teachings of Islam so there will not arise any understanding and interpretation. A variety of data indicate how lame scientist male and female in the history of the Islamic world. There are a number of characters who are trying to think of women's educa-tion, but not enough to increase the quantity of educated women. Some figures in question is the feminist who thinks that women are entitled to the same education as men. Eventually this becomes a spectacular movement, both Islamic and Western feminists. </p>

Statistical Study of the Rotation Effect of Am Stars

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 675-683
Author(s):  
Keiichi Kodaira
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
General View ◽  
Slow Rotation ◽  
Rotation Effect

SummaryExcess of [m1] index of Am stars, relative to normal stars, is statistically found to be correlated with rotation velocity; the coefficient is estimated at ∆׀m1׀ /∆V(km/sec) ˜ - 0.0007 among Am stars. This result supports the general view that slow rotation is essential for Am phenomena.

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