Notes on Some Mosques in Eastern and Western Saudi Arabia

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. D. King
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Islamic Architecture ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Architectural Tradition

In studies of Islamic architecture dealing with the earliest periods, a natural emphasis has fallen on the mosques of the Holy Cities of Arabia, the Ḥaramayn, whenever the architecture of the Arabian Peninsula has been discussed. In later periods, extensions and restorations in the Ḥaram in Mecca and the Mosque of the Prophet in al-Madīna have likewise been discussed, but until recent times, little has been said of any other Arabian mosques. As far as mosques beyond the Ḥaramayn are concerned, this neglect has been caused largely by their inaccessibility; but as a result of the imbalance, students of Islamic architecture have been left to judge Arabia by the Prophet's Mosque, which was only truly Arabian at its foundation, and the Ḥaram and the Ka'ba, which were always unique in Islam in terms both of religion and of architecture. As for later extensions and restorations of either mosque, these tell more of the development of Islamic architectural style and taste beyond the Peninsula than of any Arabian religious architectural tradition.

scholarly journals The Architecture of Mevlevi Buildings, One of the Dervish Houses in the Ottoman Geography

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Hasan Şehmuz Haştemoğlu ◽  
Engin Kepenek
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Islamic Architecture ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The Mevlevism order was established in the Seljuk period in Anatolia in the thirteenth century. After the death of Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi, his son Sultan Veled systemized his father's thoughts and created his own rules and brought the rituals to a ceremony in the form of sema ceremonies. Sultan Veled gave the name “Mevlevism” to his sect and was called “Mevlevihan” to his Dervish Houses. Nearly 140 Mevlevihane building was established in a wide geography which its east is in Tabriz (Iran), west is in Pecu (Hungary), north is in Gözleve (Ukraine), South is in Cairo (Egypt) and Mecca in Saudi Arabia. Nearly 80 of these Dervish Houses remained in the Republic of Turkey. After the declaration of Turkish Republic, these Dervish Houses were closed in 1925 by the law of “closure Tekkes and Zaviyes”, no. 677. There are two kinds of Mevlevihan, which are “Asitane” and “Zaviye”. Mevlevihan called Asitane are the main Dergahs which are full-fledged and has removing “ordeal” possibilities. The number of Asitane constructions is around 15 in all Mevlevihan buildings. Another Mevlevihan building is Zaviye. Zaviye were ruled by Mevlevi, who has the title of “şeyh” and “dede”. Many of the Mevlevihan become a historical monument because of their architectural style and construction date. However, most of these structures have been ruined over the years. Apart from a small number of Mevlevihan, which was established as "Külliye", "Semahane" parts of these Mevlevihan were used as mosques and remained up to date. When the architectural programs of the Mevlevihans are examined, it is seen that the Mevlevihans, which were settled down in 13th century have an architectural program after the 16th century and they take Konya Mevlana Dergah as an example. However, it is not possible to mention about same sized and specified spaces in all the Mevlevihans. There are similar sections only in the large- scale Mevlevihans which are “Asitane” status. In this study, an evaluation and classification study was carried out on the architectural formation of the Mevlevihans one of the Dervish constructions in Islamic architecture which attracted attention with its wide geography.

Faunistic inventory and zoogeographical analysis of the ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Garf Raydah Nature Reserve, Southwestern of Saudi Arabia, and description of a new species of Paussinae

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4514 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHMOUD S. ABDEL-DAYEM ◽  
IFTEKHAR RASOOL ◽  
ALI A. ELGHARBAWY ◽  
PETER NAGEL ◽  
HATHAL M. ALDHAFER
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
New Records ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
A New Species

Study of ground beetles of the Garf Raydah Nature Reserve, located in the Asir Mountains of southwestern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) resulted in one species, Paussus abditus Nagel, sp. n. described as new to science. Thirteen species (21.3%) are reported as new country records and fifteen species (24.6%) are new records for Asir Province. Adult beetles were collected from 2013 to 2017. The determination of this material yielded a total of 61 species in 40 genera and 17 tribes belonging to nine subfamilies of Carabidae. The species richness represented approximately 36.1% of carabid species previously reported from KSA. The most species rich tribes were the Lebiini (20 species), the Harpalini (10 species), and the Bembidiini (6 species). The life form analysis of adults indicated 18 life form types that are grouped into three categories, Zoophagous (77.1%), Mixophytophagous (18.0%), and Myrmecophilous (4.9%). Zoogeographical analyses indicated that the Afrotropical (19.3%) and the Saharo-Arabian (19.3%) species dominate the carabid fauna of this region of KSA. Coryza cf. maculata (Nietner, 1856) is considered the only Oriental representative. Only one cosmopolitan species, Perigona nigriceps (Dejean, 1831), was collected. Eleven endemics were identified; six species are considered KSA endemics and five are Arabian Peninsula endemics. 

scholarly journals A Preliminary Checklist of the Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma AlHajri ◽  
Donat Agosti
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Northeastern Part

The State of Qatar is a small peninsula located in the northeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. It is classified as a subtropical desert with an extreme harsh climatic conditions in summer and mild winter. Information on Formicidae of Qatar as well as its insect fauna is poorly documented. So far only six species of Formicidae (ants) belonging to five genera have been recorded from Qatar. At least 300 ant species have been recorded from the Arabian Peninsula (Collingwood et al., 2011). For instance, Collingwood and Agosti (1996) reported a list of 265 ant species in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, Collingwood et al. (2011) published a list of 126 ant species in UAE and Sharaf et al. (2018a) recorded 123 ant species from Oman. This indicates a significant gap regarding our knowledge of the ant fauna and their diversity in Qatar. This study provides the first taxonomic survey of the ant fauna of Qatar. Ant specimens were collected by using aspirator, direct hand collection, litter sifting and pitfall traps during the period of April 2015 to March 2019 from 43 sites around the country. In the present study, 45 species are newly recorded for the ant fauna of the state of Qatar increasing the total number of ant species from Qatar to 51 species, including one additional subfamily, and 16 additional genera.

scholarly journals The long-term effects of modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors of stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4626
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Hassan ◽  
Asala M. Wafa ◽  
Manea S. Alosaimi ◽  
Kawthar A. Bokari ◽  
Mosab A. Alsobhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

Stroke is a major cerebrovascular disease causes high mortality and morbidity in people around the world. Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability. The largest country in the middle East, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), has been occupying approximately four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula supporting a population of more than 28 million. Stroke is getting to be a quickly expanding issue and is the leading cause of illness and deaths in Saudi Arabia. It is clear that researches and studies regarding the incidence, prevalence and their sociodemographic properties of stroke is still incomplete due to lack of present studies being conducted in these specified areas. This article aims to discuss the aspect of stroke in Saudi Arabia beside the effects of modifiable and the non-modifiable risk factors from the literature published. 

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE KINDS OF WEEDS OF PALM Plantations IN Tabuk AND Al-Qassim Regions IN Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-773
Author(s):  
N. A. Al-Harbi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Common Life ◽  
Unique Species

This study was aimed to investigate weeds kind in palm plantations. Date palm is the most chief economic crop in most countries of the Arabian Peninsula. Many factors, such as the presence of weeds, may cause a huge loss in the production of dates. Despite the severe damage caused by the presence of some weeds in agroecosystems, many weeds have many medicinal and economic uses. A total of 62 species were listed in palm Plantations in Tabuk and Al-Qassim Regions. A total of 51 species were listed in Tabuk Region (The number of unique species in the Tabuk Region reached 32 that not recorded in Al-Qassim Region. Also, 19 species were recorded in both of Tabuk and Al-Qassim Regions). A total of 30 weeds were listed in Al-Qassim Region (The number of unique species in the Al-Qassim Region reached 11 that not recorded in the Tabuk Region. In addition to, 19 species were recorded in both of Tabuk and Al-Qassim Regions). Zygophyllaceae was the most common family, the majority life span was annuals and the most common life form was therophyte in both Tabuk and Al-Qassim Regions. Data management and classification were achieved using PCORD (TWINSPAN and DCA analyses).

Influence of external and internal factors on the political system of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Abdullah Hazaa Othmann ◽  
Oleg Grishin ◽  
Olga Nesterchuk
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Political System ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Strategic Location

The article includes internal and external changes in the Saudi political system. Since King Salman bin Abdul-Aziz took over the reins of power in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at the end of January 2015, and questions have increased about the nature of the changes occurring in the country of the Two Holy Mosques, both internally and externally, which marks an era of transformation from stability and stagnation in foreign policy to an era of change and adaptation to the crises of the current circumstances and dealing with dangerous transformations at the regional level, and especially since the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the countries at the heart of the regional Arab order and is the center of leadership in the Islamic world with its spiritual and religious stature and Its influential strategic location in the Arabian Peninsula and the Arab and Islamic worlds. At the international level, the economic situation of the Kingdom and it’s being the owner of the largest oil reserves in the world and the largest country in terms of the volume of oil exported daily, as well as its distinguished relations with the United States, Russia, and other Western countries gave the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia a position on the global level.

Saudi Arabia: Islam and Saudi Arabia’s counterterrorism strategy

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-363
Author(s):  
Roel Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Twenty First Century

Saudi Arabia’s counter-terrorism strategy of the first decade on the twenty first century has been widely acclaimed as highly successful and presented as an example for other Muslim countries. The strategy was developed after the bomb attacks of AlQaida on the Arabian Peninsula in 2003. The program is however deeply religious and is based on the reconversion of terrorists from a Jihadi-Salafism to a quietist and law abiding version of Salafism. The chapter goes into the religious terminology Saudi counter-terrorism program by labelling terrorism as religious “deviation,” radicals as people who have been led by their “passions” and are no longer rational and have diverted form the “middle way”. The article also shows how prominent religious scholars have become deeply involved in the state counter-terrorism program of “intellectual security”.

Background and Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-42
Author(s):  
Kristian Coates Ulrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Coup Attempt

This chapter provides historical context to the tensions between Qatar and Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Abu Dhabi from the mid-nineteenth century up until 2011. The chapter covers the emergence of Qatar and the disruptive impact on all the smaller Gulf States, including the UAE, of Saudi expansionary designs on the Arabian Peninsula. Beginning in the 1990s, a new generation of Qatari leaders began to develop political and economic policies that carved a more autonomous role for Qatar in regional affairs. In February 1996, the same four states that would blockade Qatar in 2017 were linked to an abortive coup attempt against the Emir of Qatar, and the chapter ends by examining the aftermath of the coup attempt and the trajectory of Saudi pressure on Qatar in the 2000s.

Two new species of Acmaeodera Eschscholtz, 1829 from the Arabian Peninsula and Mauritania (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Polycestinae: Acmaeoderini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4648 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK G. VOLKOVITSH
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Two New Species

Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) strumiai sp. nov. from Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Mauritania, and A. (Acmaeotethya) dhofarica sp. nov. from Oman and Yemen are described, illustrated and compared with related species. 

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