Effect of Dicamba on RNA and Protein

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Arnold ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Anisic Acid

The effect of 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) was studied on wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulusL.) and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) at two growth stages. Wild buckwheat, treated when 5 to 8 cm tall, was very susceptible to dicamba which caused rapid dehydration of the leaves and growth of callus tissue at stem internodes. Wild buckwheat, treated when flowering, increased in growth 2 days after treatment and then decreased after 4 days. Wheat growth tended to increase in all plant parts after treatment with dicamba at both the 2 to 3-leaf and the boot stages. Dicamba increased the RNA and protein content in wild buckwheat at both growth stages and in wheat at the boot stage. Dicamba affected the transition temperature and precipitation of reconstituted nucleohistone but not the uncombined nucleic acid or histonein vitro, indicating that a DNA-histone-dicamba complex had occurred. The binding of dicamba to protein varied with different proteins and reduced the UV absorbance of the bound proteins.

Selectivity of Dicamba in Wheat and Wild Buckwheat

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Quimby ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Anisic Acid

The uptake, translocation, and fate of14C-labeled 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (14C-dicamba) were studied in wheat (Triticum aestivumL., 'Selkirk’) and wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulusL.) as resistant and susceptible species, respectively. Selectivity could not be explained by interspecific differences in uptake of14C-dicamba by leaf sections submerged in exogenous solutions.14C-dicamba accumulated in meristems of wild buckwheat but not in the youngest tillers of wheat. Moreover, wheat main culms conjugated or metabolized14C-dicamba more quickly than did wild buckwheat meristems. Therefore, selectivity of dicamba apparently was related to interspecific differences in translocation and metabolism.

scholarly journals In vitro allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of sugarcane on germination parameters of wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Zahir MUHAMMAD ◽  
Manzoor HUSSAIN ◽  
Habib AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Germination Indices ◽  
Germination Parameters

Allelopathy – interactions among plants for resources along with competition – is a composite phenomenon which has spacious potentials of application in agriculture. Understanding of interactions among plants, particularly cultivated crops, may be helpful in modifying crop cultivation pattern with consequent yields increments. In this study, we investigated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of root, stem peels and leaves of sugarcane (<em>Saccharum officinale</em> L.) cultivar <em>51</em> at concentrations 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g/l on germination indices and seedling biomass of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) cultivar <em>Pirsabak-2005</em>. Results demonstrated that higher concentration (10.0 g/l) of extracts of root, stem peels and leaves significantly decreased mean germination time (MGT) but increased shoot and seminal root growth and seedling dry biomass; however, germination percentage was affected neither by extract concentration nor by plant parts used in the study. Extract concentrations up to 7.5 g/l had no effect on the studied parameters of wheat. Our result suggests that sugarcane’s allelopathy demonstrates healthy effects on wheat growth and that wheat could be cultivated in sequential rotation in field conditions.

Resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in callus tissue derived from three avocado cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2026-2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Phillips ◽  
G. Weste ◽  
J. M. Hinch
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Undifferentiated Callus

Calli induced from various plant parts of avocado cultivars Topa Topa (susceptible), Duke 7 (moderately resistant), and Martin Grande (resistant) were inoculated with the root and collar rotting pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi and examined for expression of resistance. Resistance was assessed quantitatively by measuring the rate of hyphal extension across the callus surface from the point of inoculation. Resistance in the callus tissue was associated with sparse, limited mycelial growth, in contrast to prolific, dense growth on and within susceptible callus. Rates of hyphal extension on calli of the resistant ‘Duke 7’ and ‘Martin Grande’ ranged from 1–3 mm day−1 compared with 4–7 mm day−1 on calli of ‘Topa Topa’. This difference in growth was significant (P = 0.05). This is the first report of avocado callus exhibiting resistance to P. cinnamomi and it mirrors that recorded for the whole plant for the three avocado cultivars tested. Thus, the level of resistance expressed by each cultivar appears to be innate whether the host tissue remains in an organized state or is in the form of an undifferentiated callus mass. The basis of the resistance expressed appeared to be largely physiological and (or) biochemical rather than anatomical. Assessing rates of hyphal colonization on undifferentiated callus masses in vitro may provide a new and useful assay for screening and selecting host lines in avocado resistant to P. cinnamomi. Key words: callus, avocado, in vitro, resistance, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Persea.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids from in vitro tissue culture and plant parts of two plant species of Western Rajasthan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Baga Ram ◽  
Navdeep S. Bains
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Escherchia Coli ◽  
Callus Tissues

Extract of flavonoids from plant parts and callus tissues of Glinus lotoides (molluginaceae) and Psoralea odorata (fabaceae) were screened against microbes’ viz., Bacillus cerus, Escherchia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans adopting disc diffusion method. Results were compared with the zone of inhibition produced by commercially available standard antibiotics. Maximum activity was observed in flavonoid of callus tissue as compared to plant parts of both plant species.

Insecticidal Active Rotenoids from Plant Parts and Callus Culture of Medicago sativa L. from a Semiarid Region of India (Rajasthan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-941
Author(s):  
Sharad Vats ◽  
Preeti Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Background: Vector-borne diseases are quite prevalent globally and are one of the major causes of deaths due to infectious diseases. There is an availability of synthetic insecticides, however, their excessive and indiscriminate use have resulted in the emergence of resistant varieties of insects. Thus, a search for novel biopesticide has become inevitable. Methods: Rotenoids were isolated and identified from different parts of Medicago sativa L. This group of metabolites was also identified in the callus culture, and the rotenoid content was monitored during subculturing for a period of 10 months. Enhancement of the rotenoid content was evaluated by feeding precursors in a tissue culture medium. Results: Four rotenoids (elliptone, deguelin, rotenone and Dehydrorotenone) were identified, which were confirmed using spectral and chromatographic techniques. The maximum rotenoid content was found in the seeds (0.33±0.01%), followed by roots (0.31±0.01%) and minimum in the aerial parts (0.20±0.05%). A gradual decrease in the rotenoid content was observed with the ageing of subcultured tissue maintained for 10 months. The production of rotenoids was enhanced up to 2 folds in the callus culture using amino acids, Phenylalanine and Methionine as precursors as compared to the control. The LC50 value of the rotenoids was found to be 91 ppm and 162 ppm against disease vectors of malaria and Dracunculiasis, respectively. Conclusion: The study projects M. sativa as a novel source of biopesticide against the disease vectors of malaria and Dracunculiasis. The use of precursors to enhance the rotenoid content in vitro can be an effective venture from a commercial point of view.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings via Multifunctional Bacillus aryabhattai PM34: An In-Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8030
Author(s):  
Shehzad Mehmood ◽  
Amir Abdullah Khan ◽  
Fuchen Shi ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Tariq Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Bacillus Aryabhattai

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria play a substantial role in plant growth and development under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. However, understanding about the functional role of rhizobacterial strains for wheat growth under salt stress remains largely unknown. Here we investigated the antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus aryabhattai PM34 inhabiting ACC deaminase and exopolysaccharide producing ability to ameliorate salinity stress in wheat seedlings under in vitro conditions. The strain PM34 was isolated from the potato rhizosphere and screened for different PGP traits comprising nitrogen fixation, potassium, zinc solubilization, indole acetic acid, siderophore, and ammonia production, along with various extracellular enzyme activities. The strain PM34 showed significant tolerance towards both abiotic stresses including salt stress (NaCl 2 M), heavy metal (nickel, 100 ppm, and cadmium, 300 ppm), heat stress (60 °C), and biotic stress through mycelial inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani (43%) and Fusarium solani (41%). The PCR detection of ituC, nifH, and acds genes coding for iturin, nitrogenase, and ACC deaminase enzyme indicated the potential of strain PM34 for plant growth promotion and stress tolerance. In the in vitro experiment, NaCl (2 M) decreased the wheat growth while the inoculation of strain PM34 enhanced the germination% (48%), root length (76%), shoot length (75%), fresh biomass (79%), and dry biomass (87%) over to un-inoculated control under 2M NaCl level. The results of experiments depicted the ability of antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus aryabhattai PM34 to augment salt stress tolerance when inoculated to wheat plants under saline environment.

scholarly journals Resveratrol Biosynthesis in Hairy Root Cultures of Tan and Purple Seed Coat Peanuts

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Ye-Eun Park ◽  
Chang-Ha Park ◽  
Hyeon-Ji Yeo ◽  
Yong-Suk Chung ◽  
Sang-Un Park
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Seedling Roots

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a crop that can produce resveratrol, a compound with various biological properties, such as those that exert antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, trans-resveratrol was detected in the roots, leaves, and stems of tan and purple seed coat peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) cultivated in a growth chamber. Both cultivars showed higher levels of resveratrol in the roots than the other plant parts. Thus, both cultivars were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, in vitro, to promote hairy root development, thereby producing enhanced levels of t-resveratrol. After 1 month of culture, hairy roots from the two cultivars showed higher levels of fresh weight than those of seedling roots. Furthermore, both cultivars contained higher t-resveratrol levels than those of their seedling roots (6.88 ± 0.21 mg/g and 28.07 ± 0.46 mg/g, respectively); however, purple seed coat peanut hairy roots contained higher t-resveratrol levels than those of tan seed coat peanut hairy roots, ranging from 70.16 to 166.76 mg/g and from 46.61 to 54.31 mg/g, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that peanut hairy roots could be a good source for t-resveratrol production due to their rapid growth, high biomass, and substantial amount of resveratrol.

scholarly journals Cytokinin Mediated Increased In Vitro Production of Secondary Metabolites with Special Reference to Solasodine in Solanum erianthum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. e62-e68
Author(s):  
Jeeta Sarkar ◽  
Nirmalya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

AbstractSteroid alkaloid solasodine is a nitrogen analogue of diosgenin and has great importance in the production of steroidal medicines. Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae) is a good source of solasodine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cytokinins on the production of secondary metabolites, especially solasodine in the in vitro culture of S. erianthum. For solasodine estimation, field-grown plant parts and in vitro tissues were extracted thrice and subjected to high-performance liquid Chromatography. Quantitative analysis of different secondary metabolites showed that the amount was higher in the in vitro regenerated plantlets compared to callus and field-grown plants. The present study critically evaluates the effect of the type of cytokinin used in the culture medium on solasodine accumulation in regenerated plants. The highest solasodine content (46.78±3.23 mg g-1) was recorded in leaf extracts of the in vitro grown plantlets in the presence of 6-γ,γ-dimethylallylamino purine in the culture medium and the content was 3.8-fold higher compared to the mother plant.

scholarly journals Survival of Botrytis cinerea as mycelium in rose crop debris and as sclerotia in soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alderi E Araújo ◽  
Luiz A Maffia ◽  
Eduardo S. G Mizubuti ◽  
Acelino C Alfenas ◽  
Guy de Capdeville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Important Disease

Botrytis blight caused by Botrytis cinerea is an important disease of rose (Rosa hybrida) grown in greenhouses in Brazil. As little is known regarding the disease epidemiology under greenhouse conditions, pathogen survival in crop debris and as sclerotia was evaluated. Polyethylene bags with petals, leaves, or stem sections artificially infected with B. cinerea were mixed with crop debris in rose beds, in a commercial plastic greenhouse. High percentage of plant parts with sporulation was detected until 60 days, then sporulation decreased on petals after 120 days, and sharply decreased on stems or leaves after 90 days. Sporulation on petals continued for 360 days, but was not observed on stems after 150 days or leaves after 240 days. Although the fungus survived longer on petals, stems and leaves are also important inoculum sources because high amounts of both are deposited on beds during cultivation. Survival of sclerotia produced on PDA was also quantified. Sclerotia germination was greater than 75% in the initial 210 days and 50% until 360 days. Sclerotia weight gradually declined but they remained viable for 360 days. Sclerotia were produced on the buried petals, mainly after 90 days of burial, but not on leaves or stems. Germination of these sclerotia gradually decreased after 120 days, but lasted until 360 days. Higher weight loss and lower viability were observed on sclerotia produced on petals than on sclerotia produced in vitro

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