scholarly journals Controlling Homeless People? Power, Interventionism and Legitimacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
BETH WATTS ◽  
SUZANNE FITZPATRICK ◽  
SARAH JOHNSEN
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
Voluntary Response ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Intense Debate

AbstractThere is intense debate over the legitimacy of interventions which seek behavioural change on the part of street homeless people. ‘Hard’ measures, such as arresting people for begging, are particularly controversial, but ‘softer’ interventions such as motivational interviewing have also prompted objections on grounds that they are paternalistic. At the same time, the ‘non-interventionist’ stance of some service providers has been accused of perpetuating harmful street lifestyles. Inspired by Ruth Grant's philosophically informed interrogation of the ethics of incentives, we propose a normative framework for application in this field. Via systematic exploration of Grant's three ‘legitimacy standards’ (legitimate purpose, voluntary response, effects on character), and an additional outcome-focussed fourth (effectiveness, proportionality and balance), we attempt to unsettle any intuitive assumption that non-interventionist approaches are necessarily more morally defensible than interventionist ones. We also, however, explicate the high ethical and empirical bar required to justify social control measures.

Archaeology, philosophy of

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Intense Debate ◽  
New Archaeology

Questions about the scientific status of archaeology have been central to field-defining debates since the late nineteenth century and have frequently involved appeals to philosophical sources. With the possible exception of Collingwood, however, there was little systematic exploration of the bearing of philosophical literature on these questions until the advent, in the 1960s and 1970s, of the New Archaeology, a self-consciously positivist research programme. The New Archaeology originated in North America but has been widely influential, especially in giving prominence to philosophical and theoretical issues. The New Archaeologists’ advocacy of a positivist (Hempelian) conception of scientific goals and practice provoked intense debate which involved philosophers of science as well as archaeologists from the early 1970s. Although the positivist commitments of the programme were widely repudiated a decade later, philosophical exchange has continued and expanded to include consideration of a range of post-positivist models of scientific inference that emphasize the theory-ladeness of archaeological evidence, as well as hermeneutic and post-structuralist models of archaeological interpretation. The analysis of epistemological issues is also closely tied to foundational questions about how the cultural subject of archaeological inquiry should be conceptualized and has led, increasingly, to a consideration of normative questions about the values and interests that shape archaeological research and the ethical responsibilities of practitioners. In 1992 Embree argued that work in this area had achieved sufficient maturity to be recognized as a subfield which he designated ‘meta-archaeology’.

scholarly journals Interrogating the Prevention Approach of the Housing (Wales) Act 2014 for People with Mental Health Needs Who Are Homeless

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Rogers ◽  
Anya Ahmed ◽  
Iolo Madoc-Jones ◽  
Andrea Gibbons ◽  
Katy Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Mental Health Needs ◽  
New Evidence

Rates of homelessness and poor mental health present significant challenges across the globe. In this article, we explore how these intersecting issues have been addressed in Wales through Part 2 of the Housing (Wales) Act 2014 through a paradigm shift towards a prevention model. This article reports findings from a study (conducted between 2016 and 2018) which evaluated the processes and impacts of the Act against the backdrop of welfare reform and systemic changes taking place in Wales and the UK. Using new evidence, we offer a critical examination of how homelessness prevention policy operates in practice and how social values and power affect policy implementation. We offer new evidence of the translation of policy into practice through the experiences of two stakeholder groups: people with mental health needs and service providers. In doing so, we offer a critique of how policy and practice could be modified to improve outcomes for homeless people with implications for prevention policy in Wales and in other contexts and different welfare regimes.

Extreme weather-related health needs of people who are homeless

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Cusack ◽  
Antonia van Loon ◽  
Debbie Kralik ◽  
Paul Arbon ◽  
Sandy Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Extreme Cold

To identify the extreme weather-related health needs of homeless people and the response by homeless service providers in Adelaide, South Australia, a five-phased qualitative interpretive study was undertaken. (1) Literature review, followed by semi-structured interviews with 25 homeless people to ascertain health needs during extreme weather events. (2) Identification of homeless services. (3) Semi-structured interviews with 16 homeless service providers regarding their response to the health needs of homeless people at times of extreme weather. (4) Gap analysis. (5) Suggestions for policy and planning. People experiencing homelessness describe adverse health impacts more from extreme cold, than extreme hot weather. They considered their health suffered more, because of wet bedding, clothes and shoes. They felt more depressed and less able to keep themselves well during cold, wet winters. However, homeless service providers were more focussed on planning for extra service responses during times of extreme heat rather than extreme cold. Even though a city may be considered to have a temperate climate with a history of very hot summers, primary homeless populations have health needs during winter months. The experiences and needs of homeless people should be considered in extreme weather policy and when planning responses.

scholarly journals Supporting workforce practice change: protocol for a pilot study of a motivational interviewing virtual client software tool for health professionals

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e033080
Author(s):  
Candice Oster ◽  
Adrian Schoo ◽  
John Litt ◽  
Andrea Morello ◽  
Richard Leibbrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
Virtual Client

IntroductionMotivating behavioural change during client consultations is of crucial importance across all health professions to address the growing burden of chronic conditions. Yet health professionals often lack the skills and confidence to use evidence-based counselling interventions to support clients’ behavioural change and mobilise clients’ resources and self-efficacy for change to address their long-term needs.AimsThis pre–post pilot study will develop a motivational interviewing (MI) virtual client training tool for health professionals and test the effectiveness of the educational content and usability of the virtual client interaction.Methods and analysisPostgraduate students across a range of health disciplines will be recruited. Data assessing attitudes towards preventive healthcare will be collected using a modified version of the Preventive Medicine Attitudes and Activities Questionnaire. Conversations with the virtual client will be analysed using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity code to assess changes in MI skills. The System Usability Scale will be used to assess the usability of the virtual client training tool.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the Flinders University Social and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee in May 2019. The results of the pilot study will inform the development of an avatar-based mobile application consisting of MI teaching and interactions with a generic virtual client that can be easily adapted to multiple scenarios.

scholarly journals Homelessness, Empowerment and Self-reliance in Scotland and Ireland: The Impact of Legal Rights to Housing for Homeless People

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
BETH WATTS
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Partnership Model ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of legal rights to housing for homeless people, focusing on the capacity of such rights to ‘empower’ those experiencing homelessness. Lukes’ (2005) three-dimensional view of power, complemented by Bourdieu's (1972) concept of ‘habitus’, is used to distinguish between conceptualisations of empowerment. A distinction is drawn between ‘traditional’ understandings of empowerment, which focus on people's capacity to realise their ‘subjective interests’, and on understandings that foreground ‘real interests’. These latter ‘radical’ perspectives direct attention to people's ‘habitus’ – their internalised dispositions to perceive situations and act in particular ways. Empirically, the paper draws on a qualitative comparison of approaches to homelessness in Scotland and Ireland. Whereas in Scotland virtually all those who are homeless now have a legal right to settled accommodation, Ireland has rejected such a ‘legalistic’ approach, pursuing a consensus driven ‘social partnership’ model. Based on primary research with national experts, service providers and homeless single men in both countries, it is argued that legal rights can effectively empower homeless people. These findings call into question popular and political understandings of the relationship between legal welfare rights and self-reliance.

Supporting the Long-Term Residential Care Needs of Older Homeless People With Severe Alcohol-Related Brain Injury in Australia: The Wicking Project

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Rota-Bartelink ◽  
Bryan Lipmann
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Older People ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Challenging Behaviors ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Supported Accommodation

For years, community service providers have been frustrated with the lack in availability of long-term, specialized supported accommodation for older people, particularly older homeless people, with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) and challenging behaviors. Although the incidence of ABI (particularly alcohol-related brain injury) is far wider than being confined to the homeless population, it is frequently misdiagnosed and very often misunderstood. Wintringham is an independent welfare company in Melbourne, Australia, that provides secure, affordable, long-term accommodation and high quality services to older homeless people. The high incidence of alcohol abuse among the resident population has led us to adapt our model of care to accommodate a complexity of need. However, there are some individuals with severely affected behaviors that continue to challenge Wintringham’s capacity to provide adequate support. The deficiency in highly specialized, long-term supported accommodation for older people with severe alcohol-related brain injury (ARBI) is the driving force behind this project. We aim to further develop and improve the current Wintringham model of residential care to better support people with these complex care needs. We will report on the synthesis of this project, which aims to test a specialized model that can be reproduced or adapted by other service providers to improve the life circumstances of these frequently forgotten people.

Narcotism as one of the urgent threats to the national security of Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Tatyana Vladislavovna Plotnikova ◽  
Vadim Vitalyevich Kharin
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
National Security ◽  
Control Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
The World ◽  
Narcotic Addiction

The narcotics problem has plagued humanity throughout all stages of its development. However, in conditions of 21th century, the threat of narcotism has become very urgent. Studying the world experience in the narcotism control measures implementation, we can identify several main mechanisms of counteraction. In this study, we present and analyze these mechanisms in detail. As for Russia, we can say that we are implementing a repressive social control model, but there are rudiments and predispositions to a restrictive model. In general, the narcotics problem has plagued our country throughout history. We show the relation and ways of fight against narcotics in the conditions of different historical stages. However, in the 21th century, narcotic addiction has reached unprecedented proportions and now represents a very dangerous threat to our state. The involvement of a large number of people in such a harmful social phenomenon was influenced by a number of certain factors characteristic of Russia. The very dangerous threat of narcotism to the Russia national security is also shown by the state counteraction dynamism against this phenomenon. This study shows the main mechanisms of narcotism implementation.

Low-Cost Voice-Mail for the Homeless in Waterloo, Iowa

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Mark Grey ◽  
Mone Quang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Voice Mail ◽  
Phone Number ◽  
Permanent Housing

Although shelter is the most immediate need of all homeless people, improving their long-term conditions requires employment, health care, and permanent housing. As we discovered through a review of the homeless literature and discussion with community service providers, a primary barrier to securing health care, permanent housing, and particularly employment is the lack of a phone number.

Community-based Control of Invasive Species

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
Behavioural Sciences

Invasive species are among the greatest challenges to environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity in the world. One of the most promising approaches to managing invasive species is voluntary citizen stewardship. However, in order for control measures to be effective, private citizens often need to make sustained and sometimes burdensome commitments. Community-Based Control of Invasive Species is based on five years of research by leading scholars in natural resource and human behavioural sciences, which involved government and citizen groups in Australia and the United States. It examines questions including, 'how can citizens be engaged in voluntarily managing invasive species?', 'what communication strategies will ensure good motivation and coordination?' and 'how can governing bodies support citizens in their efforts?'. With chapters on institutional frameworks, changing governance, systems thinking, organisational learning, engagement, communication and behavioural change, this book will be a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners involved in natural resources management.

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