scholarly journals WHAT IS PAIN? A HISTORYTHE PROTHERO LECTURE

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 155-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Bourke
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Question ◽  
Ideological Work

ABSTRACTWhat is pain? This article argues that it is useful to think of pain as a ‘kind of event’ or a way of being-in-the-world. Pain-events are unstable; they are historically constituted and reconstituted in relation to language systems, social and environmental interactions and bodily comportment. The historical question becomes: how has pain beendoneand what ideological work do acts of being-in-pain seek to achieve? By what mechanisms do these types of events change? Who decides the content of any particular, historically specific and geographically situated ontology?

scholarly journals On Taking our Sources Seriously: Servius and the Theatrical Life of Vergil's Eclogues

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-140
Author(s):  
Ismene Lada-Richards
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Republican Rome ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Question

This article revisits a famous staple of the Vergilian tradition, Servius's heavily contested scholion on the actress Volumnia Cytheris's theatrical rendition of Vergil's sixth Eclogue. By shifting the focus of inquiry from the strictly historical question ‘did it happen?’ it cuts through, identifies and disentangles a nexus of prejudices which have led to the devaluing of Servius's information. The sidelining or dismissal of this piece of evidence, I argue, has more to teach us about our own culturally entrenched and discipline-inherited assumptions than about what could have happened in late Republican Rome. Scrutiny of the evidence on the stage re-mediation of high poetry suggests it is entirely plausible that Cytheris would have performed a theatricalized version of Vergil's masterpiece. Indeed at the very heart of the story lies the convergence between élite poetry and the world of professional stage artists. Moreover, Cytheris's possible performance of a repertoire that coincides with the mythological core of pantomime dancing in its artistic maturity opens pivotal questions concerning what Plutarch (Mor.748a) aptly calls the “full association and mutual entanglement” between the arts of poetry and dance. Taking Servius seriously gives us the impetus to explore more decisively dimensions of Roman life that have been messily sidelined as a result of the systematic privileging of “texts” in our surveys of Roman intellectual landscapes over the centuries. Even if Servius's extract turned out to be no more than a “myth”, an “anecdote”, as such narratives go, this is an incredibly helpful one, provided we are willing to press it into the service of larger inquiries regarding the “circulation” of cultural energy between élite and popular culture.

scholarly journals Autochthons and Otherworlds in Celtic and Slavic

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 281-302
Author(s):  
Grigory Bondarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Transition Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Ulster Cycle ◽  
Historical Question

The quite ‘historical’ question of when the lower Otherworld in Ireland was first separated from the upper world is dealt with in a number of early Irish tales. The problem of áes síde and their antagonism with humans is posed in order to determine the conflict in the tales. The paper focuses on an opening fragment from an Ulster cycle tale ‘The drunkenness of the Ulaid’ (Mesca Ulad). The special allocation of the Otherworld is associated in the text (as well as in other narratives to be discussed) with the coming of the sons of Míl and the beginning of Goidelic Ireland. The very notion of separation between the world of humans and the Otherworld is closely related to the beginning of history as such. When the history begins the sacred (belonging to gods) has to be separated from profane (belonging to mortals). Since this separation is performed the binary opposition between the lower Otherworld and the upper world of humans becomes a distinctive feature of the early Irish mythological narrative. Typologically similar phenomenon is observed in the northern Russian “synthetic history” and folklore dealing with the hidden supernatural autochthons (чудь белоглазая). Both Celtic and Slavic examples seem to reflect a transition stage when cosmological elements are superimposed on the emerging historical consciousness.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE NATIVE LANGUAGES OF RUSSIAN PUPILS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Ю. МАРТЫНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
School Education ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
United State ◽  
The World ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Ideological Work

Язык играет важную роль в истории и культуре любого народа. Национальность во многом отождествляется с идеей языка. Что же влияет на жизнь языка? Почему одни из них исчезают, а другие расширяют ареалы своего распространения? Насколько язык мож- но считать исторически заданным явлением и в какой степени – конструктом, резуль- татом “социальной инженерии”, идеологической работы? Во всем мире нарастает мно- гокультурность общества, и все более актуальной в этих условиях становится пробле- ма сохранения этнокультурной самобытности населения, передачи молодому поколению традиций его отцов и дедов. Готовя молодежь к жизни в многоязычном и поликультурном обществе, важно найти баланс между этнокультурными потребностями того или иного гражданина страны и задачами консолидации населения в интересах единого государства. В статье будут рассмотрены вопросы школьного образования на национальных языках и проблема их сохранения и изучения в регионах России. Language plays important role in the history and culture of any nation. Nationality is largely identified with the idea of language. What affects the life of the language? Why do some of them disappear, while others expand their distribution areas? How can language be regarded as historically given phenomenon and to what extent as a construct, the result of “social engineering” and ideological work? Throughout the world, the multiculturalism of society is growing, and the problem of preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the population, transferring the traditions of its fathers and grandfathers to the younger generation is becoming more urgent in these conditions. Preparing young people for life in a multilingual and multicultural society, it is important to find a balance between ethnic and cultural needs of a citizen of the country and population consolidation tasks in the interests of a united state. The report will focus on school education in national languages, and the problem of their preservation and study in Russia’s regions.

scholarly journals Metacoupled Tourism and Wildlife Translocations Affect Synergies and Trade-Offs among Sustainable Development Goals across Spillover Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7677
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Zhao ◽  
Meng Cai ◽  
Thomas Connor ◽  
Min Gon Chung ◽  
Jianguo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sustainability Governance ◽  
Empirical Demonstration

Synergies and trade-offs among the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been hotly debated. Although the world is increasingly metacoupled (socioeconomic-environmental interactions within and across adjacent or distant systems), there is little understanding of the impacts of globally widespread and important flows on enhancing or compromising sustainability in different systems. Here, we used a new integrated framework to guide SDG synergy and trade-off analysis within and across systems, as influenced by cross-boundary tourism and wildlife translocations. The world’s terrestrial protected areas alone receive approximately 8 billion visits per year, generating a direct economic impact of US $600 billion. Globally, more than 5000 animal species and 29,000 plant species are traded across country borders, and the wildlife trade has arguably contributed to zoonotic disease worldwide, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We synthesized 22 cases of tourism and wildlife translocations across six continents and found 33 synergies and 14 trade-offs among 10 SDGs within focal systems and across spillover systems. Our study provides an empirical demonstration of SDG interactions across spillover systems and insights for holistic sustainability governance, contributing to fostering synergies and reducing trade-offs to achieve global sustainable development in the metacoupled Anthropocene.

Rethinking religion and political legitimacy across the Islam–West divide

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Contention ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Question ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religion In Public Life

The relationship between religion and politics is a bone of political contention and a source of deep confusion across the Islam–West divide. When most western liberals cast their gaze on Muslim societies today, what they see is deeply disconcerting. From their perspective there is simply too much religion in public life in the Arab-Islamic world, which raises serious questions for them about the prospects for democracy in this part of the world. This article critically explores the relationship between religion and political legitimacy with a geographical and cultural focus on the Muslim Middle East. The broad historical question that shapes this inquiry is: Why is religion a source of political legitimacy in Muslim societies today while in the West, broadly speaking, religion is a source of disagreement and illegitimacy?

scholarly journals Environmental Geopolitics of Climate Engineering Proposals in the IPCC 5th Assessment Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon O'Lear ◽  
Madisen K. Hane ◽  
Abigail P. Neal ◽  
Lauren Louise M. Stallings ◽  
Sierra Wadood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Climate Engineering ◽  
Geographical Knowledge ◽  
Assessment Report ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Central Argument

Environmental geopolitics offers an analytical approach that considers how environmental themes are brought into the service of geopolitical agendas. Of particular concern are claims about environment-related security and risk and the justification of actions (or inactions) proposed to deal with those claims. Environmental geopolitical analysis focuses on geographical knowledge and how that knowledge is generated and applied to stabilize specific understandings of the world. Climate engineering is a realm in which certain kinds of geographical knowledge, in the form of scientific interpretations of environmental interactions, are utilized to support a selective agenda that, despite claims about benefiting people and environments on a global scale, may be shown to reinforce uneven relationships of power as well as patterns of injustice. This paper focuses on how the IPCC AR5 discusses and portrays climate engineering. This particular conversation is significant, since the IPCC is widely recognized as reflecting current, international science and understanding of climate change processes and possible responses. We demonstrate an initial, environmental geopolitical analysis of this portrayal and discussion around climate engineering proposals by observing how the role and meaning of environmental features is limited, how human agency and impact in these scenarios is selective, and how insufficient attention is paid to spatial dimensions and impacts of these proposals. This paper contributes to a larger conversation about why it matters how we engage in discussion about climate impacts and issues; a central argument is that it is vital that we consider these proposed plans in terms of what they aim to secure, for whom, how and where.

A pragmatist philosophy of psychological science and its implications for replication

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gantman ◽  
Robin Gomila ◽  
Joel E. Martinez ◽  
J. Nathan Matias ◽  
Elizabeth Levy Paluck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
The World ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy

AbstractA pragmatist philosophy of psychological science offers to the direct replication debate concrete recommendations and novel benefits that are not discussed in Zwaan et al. This philosophy guides our work as field experimentalists interested in behavioral measurement. Furthermore, all psychologists can relate to its ultimate aim set out by William James: to study mental processes that provide explanations for why people behave as they do in the world.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Let's call a memory a memory, but what kind?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Keven
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
The World

Abstract Hoerl & McCormack argue that animals cannot represent past situations and subsume animals’ memory-like representations within a model of the world. I suggest calling these memory-like representations as what they are without beating around the bush. I refer to them as event memories and explain how they are different from episodic memory and how they can guide action in animal cognition.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

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