scholarly journals Environmental Geopolitics of Climate Engineering Proposals in the IPCC 5th Assessment Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon O'Lear ◽  
Madisen K. Hane ◽  
Abigail P. Neal ◽  
Lauren Louise M. Stallings ◽  
Sierra Wadood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Climate Engineering ◽  
Geographical Knowledge ◽  
Assessment Report ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Central Argument

Environmental geopolitics offers an analytical approach that considers how environmental themes are brought into the service of geopolitical agendas. Of particular concern are claims about environment-related security and risk and the justification of actions (or inactions) proposed to deal with those claims. Environmental geopolitical analysis focuses on geographical knowledge and how that knowledge is generated and applied to stabilize specific understandings of the world. Climate engineering is a realm in which certain kinds of geographical knowledge, in the form of scientific interpretations of environmental interactions, are utilized to support a selective agenda that, despite claims about benefiting people and environments on a global scale, may be shown to reinforce uneven relationships of power as well as patterns of injustice. This paper focuses on how the IPCC AR5 discusses and portrays climate engineering. This particular conversation is significant, since the IPCC is widely recognized as reflecting current, international science and understanding of climate change processes and possible responses. We demonstrate an initial, environmental geopolitical analysis of this portrayal and discussion around climate engineering proposals by observing how the role and meaning of environmental features is limited, how human agency and impact in these scenarios is selective, and how insufficient attention is paid to spatial dimensions and impacts of these proposals. This paper contributes to a larger conversation about why it matters how we engage in discussion about climate impacts and issues; a central argument is that it is vital that we consider these proposed plans in terms of what they aim to secure, for whom, how and where.

Geopolitics in Russia—science or vocation?

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard G. Solovyev
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Definition Of

The author describes the development of geopolitical studies in Russia after the Soviet breakup. He identifies two main schools of geopolitical analysis, Traditionalist and Revisionist. Traditionalism is inspired by old European and Russian geopolitical theories and views the world through the lenses of confrontation over power and resources. The revisionist school, on the other hand, adopts a considerably broader definition of what constitutes geopolitics by proposing to study various forms of organizing space on a global scale. According to the paper’s central argument, the Russian geopolitics, while having emerged as a vocation, it is yet to turn into a full-fledged academic discipline. It continues to lack coherent and scientifically testable theoretical propositions and needs a broad discussion of its issues with the participation of both traditionalists and revisionists.

History of Tour de France from the Geographical Point of View

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 255-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Bačík ◽  
Michal Klobučník
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Tour De France ◽  
Wide Circle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expert Community ◽  
Geographical Point

Abstract The Tour de France, a three week bicycle race has a unique place in the world of sports. The 100th edition of the event took place in 2013. In the past of 110 years of its history, people noticed unique stories and duels in particular periods, celebrities that became legends that the world of sports will never forget. Also many places where the races unfolded made history in the Tour de France. In this article we tried to point out the spatial context of this event using advanced technologies for distribution of historical facts over the Internet. The Introduction briefly displays the attendance of a particular stage based on a regional point of view. The main topic deals with selected historical aspects of difficult ascents which every year decide the winner of Tour de France, and also attract fans from all over the world. In the final stage of the research, the distribution of results on the website available to a wide circle of fans of this sports event played a very significant part (www.tdfrance.eu). Using advanced methods and procedures we have tried to capture the historical and spatial dimensions of Tour de France in its general form and thus offering a new view of this unique sports event not only to the expert community, but for the general public as well.

Impact of Globalisation on Pandemics: A comparative study on SARS and Covid-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Johann And Devika
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Relationship

BACKGROUND Since November 2019, Covid - 19 has spread across the globe costing people their lives and countries their economic stability. The world has become more interconnected over the past few decades owing to globalisation and such pandemics as the Covid -19 are cons of that. This paper attempts to gain deeper understanding into the correlation between globalisation and pandemics. It is a descriptive analysis on how one of the factors that was responsible for the spread of this virus on a global scale is globalisation. OBJECTIVE - To understand the close relationship that globalisation and pandemics share. - To understand the scale of the spread of viruses on a global scale though a comparison between SARS and Covid -19. - To understand the sale of globalisation present during SARS and Covid - 19. METHODS A descriptive qualitative comparative analysis was used throughout this research. RESULTS Globalisation does play a significant role in the spread of pandemics on a global level. CONCLUSIONS - SARS and Covid - 19 were varied in terms of severity and spread. - The scale of globalisation was different during the time of SARS and Covid - 19. - Globalisation can be the reason for the faster spread in Pandemics.

The Reasoning Structure in Legal Disputes on the International Trade of Biotechnology: From a Judicial Balance by Chance to a Judicial Balance by Design

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Alessandra GUIDA
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Biotech Products

The international trade in biotech products boosts national economies and advances scientific as well as technology innovation. However, while trading these products increases the spread of benefits on a global scale, it also increases risks to human health and the environment (ie biosafety). This is because the effects of this technology on biosafety are still highly uncertain. Against this background, the judicial bodies under the World Trade Organization (WTO) find themselves in the middle of an intricate and polarised debate in which a proper judicial balance between free trade and biosafety becomes fundamental in order to determine whether requests for ensuring human and environmental health justify trade restrictions. This paper aims to highlight that the WTO is institutionally unready for balancing economic and non-economic values. In suggesting how to rationalise the judicial balance between the competing interests in the context of biotechnology, this paper demonstrates that the judicial adoption of a well-structured proportionality analysis can turn the current balance by chance into a balance by structure.

Baroque and the Political Language of Formalism (1845–1945): Burckhardt, Wölfflin, Gurlitt, Brinckmann, Sedlmayr

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evonne Levy
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Art History ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nazi Party ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The World ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Central Argument

<P>This study in intellectual history places the art historical concept of the Baroque amidst world events, political thought, and the political views of art historians themselves. Exploring the political biographies and writings on the Baroque (primarily its architecture) of five prominent Germanophone figures, Levy gives a face to art history, showing its concepts arising in the world. From Jacob Burckhardt’s still debated "Jesuit style" to Hans Sedlmayr’s <I>Reichsstil</I>, the Baroque concepts of these German, Swiss and Austrian art historians, all politically conservative, and two of whom joined the Nazi party, were all took shape in reaction to immediate social and political circumstances. </P> <P>A central argument of the book is that basic terms of architectural history drew from a long established language of political thought. This vocabulary, applied in the formalisms of Wölfflin and Gurlitt, has endured as art history’s unacknowledged political substrate for generations. Classic works, like Wölfflin’s <I>Kunstgeschichtliche Grundbegriffe</I> are interpreted anew here, supported by new documents from the papers of each figure.</P>

The Strait of Magellan—a Gateway to New Worlds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Onetto Pavez
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Modern World ◽  
American Continent ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Strait Of Magellan ◽  
The World ◽  
The Strait Of Magellan ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The year 2020 marks the five hundredth anniversary of the “discovery” of the Strait of Magellan. The unveiling of this passage between 1519 and 1522 allowed the planet to be circumnavigated for the first time in the history of humanity. All maritime routes could now be connected, and the idea of the Earth, in its geographical, cosmographic, and philosophical dimensions, gained its definitive meaning. This discovery can be considered one of the founding events of the modern world and of the process of globalization that still continues today. This new connectivity awoke an immediate interest in Europe that led to the emergence of a political consciousness of possession, domination, and territorial occupation generalized on a global scale, and the American continent was the starting point for this. This consciousness also inspired a desire for knowledge about this new form of inhabiting the world. Various fields of knowledge were redefined thanks to the new spaces and measurements produced by the discovery of the southern part of the Americas, which was recorded in books on cosmography, natural history, cartography, and manuscripts, circulating mainly between the Americas and Europe. All these processes transformed the Strait of Magellan into a geopolitical space coveted by Europeans during the 16th century. As an interoceanic connector, it was used to imagine commercial routes to the Orient and political projects that could sustain these dynamics. It was also conceived as a space to speculate on the potential wealth in the extreme south of the continent. In addition, on the Spanish side, some agents of the Crown considered it a strategic place for imperial projections and the defense of the Americas.

TEORI PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF JEAN PIAGET DAN PROBLEMATIKANYA PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-152
Author(s):  
Leny Marinda
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Jean Piaget ◽  
The World ◽  
Definite Sequence ◽  
Concrete Operations ◽  
Cognitive Problems

Cognitive development is a change processes of human life in understanding, managing information, solving problems and knowing something. Jean Piaget is one of a figures studied cognitive development and said about cognitive development steps. Jean Piaget is also a biologist who links the physical maturity development with cognitive development steps. These steps are the motoric sensory step (0–2 years), pre-operational (2-7 years), concrete operations (7–11 years) and formal operations (11–15 years). In understanding the world actively, a child uses a scheme, assimilation, accommodation, organization and equilibration. A child's knowledge formed gradually in line with the information experience found. According to Piaget, children undergo a definite sequence of cognitive development steps. In this theory, children predicted to have maturity quantity and quality based on the steps passed. a step of cognitive development is a continuation of previous cognitive development. Cognitive problems arise in elementary school children viewed from Piaget's cognitive development theory including dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia. Perkembangan kognitif adalah tahapan-tahapan perubahan yang terjadi dalam rentang kehidupan manusia untuk memahami, mengolah informasi, memecahkan masalah dan mengetahui sesuatu. Jean Piaget adalah salah satu tokoh yang meneliti tentang perkembangan kognitif dan mengemukakan tahapan-tahapan perkembangan kognitif. Jean Piaget yang juga ahli Biologi menghubungkan tahapan perkembangan kematangan fisik dengan tahapan perkembangan kognitif. Tahapan-tahapan tersebut adalah tahap sensory motorik (0–2 tahun), pra-operasional (2–7 tahun), operasional konkret (7–11 tahun) dan operasional formal (11–15 tahun). Dalam memahami  dunia secara aktif, anak menggunakan skema, asimilasi, akomodasi, organisasi dan equilibrasi. Pengetahuan anak terbentuk secara berangsur sejalan dengan pengalaman tentang informasi-informasi yang ditemui. Menurut Piaget, anak menjalani urutan yang sudah pasti dari tahap-tahap perkembangan kognitif. Pada teori ini, anak diprediksi memiliki kematangan secara kuantitas maupun kualitas berdasarkan tahapan-tahapan yang dilaluinya. Perkembangan kognitif pada satu tahap merupakan lanjutan dari perkembangan kognitif tahap sebelumnya. Problem kognitif yang muncul pada anak usia sekolah dasar dilihat dari teori perkembangan kognitif ala Piaget diantaranya disleksia, disgrafia dan diskalkulia.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Effects on Forest Ecosystems at Various Spatio-Temporal Scales

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 827-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bredemeier
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The World

The focus in this review of long-term effects on forest ecosystems is on human impact. As a classification of this differentiated and complex matter, three domains of long-term effects with different scales in space and time are distinguished: 1- Exploitation and conversion history of forests in areas of extended human settlement 2- Long-range air pollution and acid deposition in industrialized regions 3- Current global loss of forests and soil degradation.There is an evident link between the first and the third point in the list. Cultivation of primary forestland — with its tremendous effects on land cover — took place in Europe many centuries ago and continued for centuries. Deforestation today is a phenomenon predominantly observed in the developing countries, yet it threatens biotic and soil resources on a global scale. Acidification of forest soils caused by long-range air pollution from anthropogenic emission sources is a regional to continental problem in industrialized parts of the world. As a result of emission reduction legislation, atmospheric acid deposition is currently on the retreat in the richer industrialized regions (e.g., Europe, U.S., Japan); however, because many other regions of the world are at present rapidly developing their polluting industries (e.g., China and India), “acid rain” will most probably remain a serious ecological problem on regional scales. It is believed to have caused considerable destabilization of forest ecosystems, adding to the strong structural and biogeochemical impacts resulting from exploitation history.Deforestation and soil degradation cause the most pressing ecological problems for the time being, at least on the global scale. In many of those regions where loss of forests and soils is now high, it may be extremely difficult or impossible to restore forest ecosystems and soil productivity. Moreover, the driving forces, which are predominantly of a demographic and socioeconomic nature, do not yet seem to be lessening in strength. It can only be hoped that a wise policy of international cooperation and shared aims can cope with this problem in the future.

scholarly journals The problem of waste in the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 02030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniya Kovalenko ◽  
Nataliya Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article discusses the problems of environmental safety in the sphere of disposing of domestic and industrial wastes in the environment as one of the most important aspects of sustainable development of society. At present, this problem is one of the top priorities and is being solved at the world level. With the emergence of the consumer nature of society, the issue of waste disposal becomes more acute, requiring immediate solutions on a global scale. At present, the quantity and variety of solid household waste (MSW) in the countries is rapidly increasing. This is typical not only for industry, agriculture, megacities, but also for individual residents. At the beginning of 2014, the Russian Federation accumulated more than 35 billion tons of waste. The problem of garbage is not just a difficulty, but a global environmental challenge. One of the main reasons is that there are no mechanisms for regulating the market for collection and processing of solid domestic waste in Russia. We can also say that there is a shortage of specialists in this field, competent managers capable of establishing the entire chain of waste utilization. In the Russian Federation, this problem is as acute as it is throughout the world. Unauthorized landfills are one of the components of this problem. The state should pay more attention to legal regulation of this issue, engage in environmental and legal culture of citizens in order to prevent the emergence of unauthorized landfills, their prompt liquidation, and protect the constitutional rights of citizens to an environmentally safe environment.

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