Classify and Control: Genetic Information in the Schools

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
Dorothy Nelkin ◽  
Laurence Tancredi
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Behavior Learning ◽  
And Control

Recent advances in molecular and behavioral genetics are providing theoretical models to explain complex behavior — learning disabilities and behavioral problems — in simple biological terms. There are intrinsic difficulties in interpreting genetic information. Yet genetic explanations are particularly appealing in school systems pressed by demands for efficiency and accountability. Thus, genetic explanations are affecting the way children are categorized in the schools. This Article reviews genetic advances bearing on educational issues and their implementation through biological tests. It suggests the social consequences and legal implications of the growing prevalence of genetic assumptions.

Misoprostol on trial: a descriptive study of the criminalization of an essential medicine in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Prandini Assis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Informal Markets ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
The Social

Misoprostol is a medicine with a “double” social life recorded in several places, including Brazil. Within formal and authorized health facilities, it is an essential medicine, used for life-saving obstetric procedures. On the streets, or in online informal markets, misoprostol is treated as a dangerous drug used to induce illegal abortions. In the Brazilian case, despite a rich anthropological and public health analysis of the social consequences of misoprostol’s double life, there are no studies on the legal implications. This article offers such descriptive analysis, presenting and examining a comprehensive dataset of how Brazilian courts have treated misoprostol in the past three decades. It consists of an encompassing mapping of the “when, where, how, and who” of misoprostol criminalization in Brazil, pointing to the unjust consequences of the use of criminal law for the purpose of protecting public health.

Implications of Network Relations for the Governance of Complex Projects

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Sebben Adami ◽  
Jorge Renato Verschoore
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Project Networks ◽  
Complex Projects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Network Approach ◽  
Project Network ◽  
Complex Project ◽  
And Control ◽  
Coordination And Control

Our article aims to answer the call for studies on new perspectives of complex projects and their governance. We adopt the social network approach to investigate the implications of network relations for the governance of project networks. We analyze quantitative and qualitative data following two theoretical models: flow and coordination. Our results show how the supply, contractual, and information networks influence the governance of project networks. We contribute to the literature explaining the dependence of the project network governance to network relations. It is necessary to use different theoretical models to analyze the coordination and control of complex project networks.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
Ana Hedberg Olenina
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Collection ◽  
Semir Zeki ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Education Business

Over the past twenty years, evolving technologies have allowed us to map the activity of the brain with unprecedented precision. Initially driven by medical goals, neuroscience has advanced to the level where it is rapidly transforming our understanding of emotions, empathy, reasoning, love, morality, and free will. What is at stake today is our sense of the self: who we are, how we act, how we experience the world, and how we interact with it. By now nearly all of our subjective mental states have been tied to some particular patterns of cortical activity. Beyond the radical philosophical implications, these studies have far-reaching social consequences. Neuroscientists are authoritatively establishing norms and deviations; they make predictions about our behavior based on processes that lie outside our conscious knowledge and control. The insights of neuroscience are being imported into the social sphere, informing debates in jurisprudence, forensics, healthcare, education, business, and politics. A recent collection of essays, compiled by Semir Zeki, a leading European proponent of applied neuroscience, in collaboration with the American lawyer Oliver Goodenough, calls for further integration of lab findings into discussions of public policy and personnel training....

scholarly journals CyberGenomics: Application of Behavioral Genetics in Cybersecurity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Ingrida Domarkienė ◽  
Laima Ambrozaitytė ◽  
Linas Bukauskas ◽  
Tautvydas Rančelis ◽  
Stefan Sütterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Behavior Genetics ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Genome Variants

Cybersecurity (CS) is a contemporary field for research and applied study of a range of aspects from across multiple disciplines. A cybersecurity expert has an in-depth knowledge of technology but is often also recognized for the ability to view technology in a non-standard way. This paper explores how CS specialists are both a combination of professional computing-based skills and genetically encoded traits. Almost every human behavioral trait is a result of many genome variants in action altogether with environmental factors. The review focuses on contextualizing the behavior genetics aspects in the application of cybersecurity. It reconsiders methods that help to identify aspects of human behavior from the genetic information. And stress is an illustrative factor to start the discussion within the community on what methodology should be used in an ethical way to approach those questions. CS positions are considered stressful due to the complexity of the domain and the social impact it can have in cases of failure. An individual risk profile could be created combining known genome variants linked to a trait of particular behavior using a special biostatistical approach such as a polygenic score. These revised advancements bring challenging possibilities in the applications of human behavior genetics and CS.

scholarly journals The future of psychotherapy in the NHS

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 432-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Obholzer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Defence ◽  
Timely Reminder

Mental health services in general are at present receiving a bad press. Recent complaints focus on two main areas: the widespread prescription of tranquillising drugs, and the social consequences of the policy of community care. There is now serious concern, both among the public and in the profession, about the over-prescription of tranquillisers. The legal implications are serious. An article in the Journal of the Medical Defence Union was recently quoted in the Bulletin: “Dr Ashton's article is a timely reminder that the prescription of benzodiazepines is now a high profile activity for the psychiatrist that has been scrutinised much more closely than many of our other functions. It is well to be aware that one of the potential onlookers is a lawyer” (Tyrer, 1988).

A Review of Advances in Social Sciences and their Application for Research in Suicidal Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S49-S49
Author(s):  
J. Lopez Castroman
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competing Interest

Suicidal behavior and its prevention constitute a major public health issue, and the moderating effect of sociodemographic factors has been studied for more than a century. In the last years it has become evident that the relationship between social factors and suicidal behavior is complex and highly dependent on the context. For instance, minorities suffering marginalization, such as the Inuit in Canada or the aborigines in Australia, present high rates of suicide. However, other minorities, such as immigrants arriving to tightened communities, can be protected from suicide compared to the social majority. Other contradictory effects have been reported concerning income per capita and the evolution of the economy. Unfortunately, the interplay of social factors in suicidal behavior and the social consequences of suicide attempts are rarely represented in theoretical models of suicidal behavior, despite their importance to adapt suicide prevention policies to social groups at risk. In this presentation, recent advances and new and integrative avenues for future research in the social aspects of suicidal behavior will be summarized.Disclosure of interestThe author declares that he has no competing interest.

Ethical criteria of civilization choice

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-113
Author(s):  
Mykhaylo Loshchinin ◽  
Yurii Privalov ◽  
Yuriy Sapelkin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethical Criteria

The article discusses the understanding of civilizational choice as a sequence of political, social, cultural and other historical events. An assessment is made of the scale of social actions aimed at the civilizational reversal of society. The authors attempted to assess the risks of civilizational choice along the social vertical, using previously developed theoretical models of social risks for a socially heterogeneous society. In the course of the study, different phenomena related to the solution of the problem of ethics of civilizational choice were considered.

D?r al-?arb as the Motherland? The Muslim Tatars of (the Grand Duchy of) Lithuania and Social Contract

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-177
Author(s):  
Egdūnas Račius
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Grand Duchy

Muslim presence in Lithuania, though already addressed from many angles, has not hitherto been approached from either the perspective of the social contract theories or of the compliance with Muslim jurisprudence. The author argues that through choice of non-Muslim Grand Duchy of Lithuania as their adopted Motherland, Muslim Tatars effectively entered into a unique (yet, from the point of Hanafi fiqh, arguably Islamically valid) social contract with the non-Muslim state and society. The article follows the development of this social contract since its inception in the fourteenth century all the way into the nation-state of Lithuania that emerged in the beginning of the twentieth century and continues until the present. The epitome of the social contract under investigation is the official granting in 1995 to Muslim Tatars of a status of one of the nine traditional faiths in Lithuania with all the ensuing political, legal and social consequences for both the Muslim minority and the state.

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