Evolution of mating strategies: Evidence from the fossil and archaeological records

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-616
Author(s):  
Steven Mithen
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Persuasive Argument ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Strategic Pluralism

Gangestad & Simpson provide a persuasive argument that both men and women have evolved conditional mating strategies. Their references to “ancestral” males and females are rather vague, which is unfortunate, as they seek to justify their arguments by invoking human evolutionary history. When one actually examines the evidence for human evolution further, more support for their arguments can be found, as predominant types of mating strategies are likely to have shifted in light of environmental and anatomical developments. We can also see in the archaeological record evidence for a further dimension of strategic pluralism – the use of material culture to advertise good genes in some species of ancestral males.

Strategic pluralism: Men and women start from a different point

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Archer ◽  
Mani Mehdikhani
Keyword(s):  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Strategic Pluralism ◽  
Current Emphasis

Gangestad & Simpson's (G&S's) analysis of strategic pluralism is welcomed as a balance to the current emphasis on between-sex variation. It could have been clarified by acknowledging the extent to which males and females represent fundamentally different mating strategies, since this affects how we view within-sex strategic variation. The distinction between conditional and alternative strategies could also have been highlighted.

A comprehensive theory of human mating must explain between-sex and within-sex differences in mating strategies

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
April L. Bleske ◽  
David M. Buss
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Strategic Pluralism ◽  
Human Mating

Gangestad & Simpson make a major contribution by highlighting the importance of mate choice for good genes, the costs of alternative strategies, and tradeoffs inherent in human mating. By downplaying sex differences and ignoring the nongenetic adaptive benefits of short term mating, however, they undermine their goal of “strategic pluralism” by presenting a theory devoid of many documented complexities of human mating.

Biology and Behaviour in Human Evolution

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Biological Perspective ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Reductionist Approach

Of the diverse approaches to understanding patterns and processes in human evolution, a focus on the biology of behaviour using principles derived from the non-human primates may have some utility for archaeologists. This article seeks to outline some biologically-based areas that could prove fruitful in exploring the origins of human behaviour within the archaeological record. It attempts to initiate a dialogue between biologists, even with their limited understanding of the problems facing those working with human origins, and archaeologists, in the hope that this dialogue will move beyond a simple reductionist approach towards the goal of integrating behaviour into a more sophisticated biological perspective.

Effect of shodhana and shamana chikitsa in mandala kustha (psoriasis): A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Bala Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Remarkable Improvement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Old Men

Skin is the largest organ of the body both by surface area and weight. This covers the entire body. The thickness of skin varies considerably over all parts of the body and between young and old, men and women. It helps to regulate body temperature, stores water fat and permit sensation of touch. Psoriasis is a chronic dermatosis characterized by covered by silvery loose scales. Treatment available on contemporary system is not curative but suppressive only. The prevalence of psoriasis is 8%. Prevalence equal in males and females. A case of Mandala Kustha discussed here. Patient successfully treated with Shodhana (Virechana karma) & Shamana Chikitsa. After course of 2 months treatment provides significant relief in Sign and Symptoms. In our classics mentioned Shodhana Chikitsa for Kustha Roga. Considering the sign and symptoms of patient was treated with classical Virechana karma (therapeutic purgation) and Shamana Chikitsa according to line of treatment of Kustha (Psoriasis). Assessment was done on before treatment, after treatment and after follow up of 2 months; pictures were taken before treatment and after treatment. Remarkable improvement was noticed, induration and itching after Virechana treatment.

scholarly journals Sexual practices in youth: analysis of lifetime sexual trajectory and last sexual intercourse

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1471-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Heilborn ◽  
Cristiane S. Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
Vaginal Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Definition Of

This article examines the sexual practices of young Brazilians based on data from the GRAVAD Research Project, a household survey targeting males and females from 18 to 24 years of age (n = 4,634) in three Brazilian State capitals: Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, and Salvador. The set of practices experienced over the course of their sexual careers is characterized by traits of social belonging, elements from individual life histories, and prescribed rules of conduct for men and women. The authors compared the young people's range of lifetime practices and those from last sexual relations in order to discuss the spread and incorporation of practices into life histories. The data point to the hegemony of vaginal sex in both the lifetime repertoire of sexual practices and the last sexual encounters, such that vaginal sex provides the prime definition of heterosexuality.

scholarly journals CLINICAL FEATURES OF NOVEL CORONAVIRUS 2019-INFECTED CASES WITH PRE-EXISTING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, DISAGGREGATED BY GENDER

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Elham Mohammadyari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Kaffashian ◽  
Iraj Ahmadi ◽  
Azra Kenarkoohi ◽  
Askar Soufinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Common Laboratory

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical features of 68 coronavirus 2019-infected cardiac cases on gender basis. Methodology: Clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic data of 68 COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, analyzed and compared by gender-wise. Results: Dry cough (78% of male, 80% females) and fever (62% of male, 75% females) were the most common symptoms. Out of these 97% of them needed O2 supplementation. O2 saturation in patients with O2 therapy was 85%; 31% of men and 11% of women experienced intubation. The most common laboratory abnormalities, were neutrophilia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, decreased hemoglobin level, increased creatinine and urea, in men and women. Troponin level was different between male and female. Pneumonia was found in 86-87% patients. Approximately, Males and female, respectively53.10 and 52.8%, shown sinus tachycardia (ST arrythmia). PVC arrythmia was found in 2.9% of total patients. BBB arrythmia was found in 31.20% of males vs. 11.10% of females. The mean systole/diastole blood pressures respectively were 130±4/79.7 ±2 in males and 134±4/81±3 in females. Heart axis changes was identified in 43.8% and 27.8% of males and females respectively. Conclusion: Severity of symptoms and outcomes of COVID-19 in cardiac patients showed some differences between men and women which could be associated with differences in immune responses, respiratory tract properties, renin angiotensin system, sex hormones and lifestyle.  However, more studies to categorize gender differences are required.

scholarly journals Aegean diffusions - Diffusions of power: Cultural connections between Minoan Crete and Pharaonic Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vinko Kerr-Harris
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The People ◽  
Minoan Crete ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
Economic Nature ◽  
The Bronze Age

<p>The development of Minoan society has traditionally been considered by scholars to have been an insular phenomenon unique to the southern Aegean. Such assumptions, however, fail to acknowledge the wider context of the Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean. Contact between the people of Crete and their contemporaries in Egypt and the Levant is well attested in the archaeological record, with a plethora of artefacts – imported and imitation – appearing on both sides of the Libyan Sea. Whilst investigations into the economic nature of these exchanges have been undertaken, little thought has been given to the cultural consequences of inter-regional contacts. This thesis examines the evolution of palatial society upon Crete and considers the extent to which interactions with comparatively more mature civilisations may have influenced the increasingly hierarchal trajectory of Minoan society, by re-evaluating the corpus of material culture and interconnectivity.</p>

scholarly journals Pántkarperecek a magyar honfoglalás korából

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-230
Author(s):  
Károly Mesterházy
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Manufacturing Technique ◽  
And Gender ◽  
In The Beginning

The author collected the material of ca. 250 find places by types. He examined the material, manufacturing technique, and chronology of the bracelets, as well as their distribution by social layers and gender, and their direct analogies in Russia and the Balkans. The ancient Hungarians of the Conquest period appeared in the Carpathian Basin with a new archaeological culture in the turn of the 9th and the 10th centuries. Band bracelets were characteristic pieces of this material culture. Today they are represented by three main types: 1. band with rounded terminals, 2. band with coiled terminals, 3. hinged band. The first type has many variants. The terminal of the bracelet can be disc-like rounded, but mostly it just ends in a semicircular form. The band can be undecorated, decorated with punched palmette-tendril ornaments, or sometimes with geometric (zigzag) motifs, and applied decoration can also appear at the end of the band. In the beginning of the 11th century only bronze bands occurred, with various punched dotted circle decorations. A punched hole can often be observed at both ends of the bands. This might have served for sewing the band on, however, others believe that a string threaded through the holes pulled the band together. The most frequent decorations of bracelets with coiled terminals are punched zigzag motifs, and sometimes palmette-tendrils also occurs. While the former type is frequent by both men and women, bracelets with twisted terminals rarely occur by men. Hinged bracelets either copied Byzantine antecedents, or they arrived as imports. The ends of the sleeves of the funerary dress, the cuffs were decorated by thin silver or gold ribbons that were sewed on the hem of the dress.

Pre-Colombian Mesoamerica Childhoods

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Realm

Research on pre-Columbian childhood refers to all those studies that consider the different evidence and expressions of children in Mesoamerica, prior to the Spanish invasion in the 16th century. Archaeology, understandably by its very focus, has been one of the most prolific disciplines that has approached this subject of study. Currently, archaeological research focuses on highlighting the different social experiences of the past (or multi-vocality) of social identities, such as gender and childhood, and its relationship with material culture. In addition, archaeologists recognize a modern stereotype that considers children as passive or dependent beings and therefore biases childhood research in the past. Consequently, it is necessary to critically evaluate the cultural specificity of past childhood since each culture has its own way of considering that stage of the life cycle. Another problem, in the archaeological study of childhood, is to consider that children are not socially important individuals. It has been said that their activities are not significant for the economy or the social realm of communities and societies of the past. From archaeology, there exists a general perception that children are virtually unrecognizable from the archaeological record because their behavior leaves few material traces, apart from child burials. It has been since feminist critiques within the discipline that the study of childhood became of vital importance in archaeology to understand the process of gender acquisition through enculturation. This process refers to the way children learn about their gender identity through the material world that surrounds them and the various rituals that prepare them to become persons. Thus, the intent of recent studies on childhood has been to call upon archaeologists to consider children as social actors capable of making meaningful decisions on their own behalf and that they make substantial contributions to their families and their communities. In this sense, studies on pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican cultures have focused at the most basic sense on identifying the presence of children in the archaeological record or ethnohistoric sources. Its aim has been to document the different social ages that make up childhood, the ritual importance of Mesoamerican children, funerary practices, and health conditions marked in children’s bones as well as the different material and identity expressions of childhood through art and its associated material culture.

Didactic and artistic representations of prehistoric hominins: Who were we? Who are we now?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hendershott
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
Artistic Representation ◽  
Stooped Posture

The image of the prehistoric hominin is well known: brutish and hairy, the men hunt with impressive weapons, while women tend to children or kneel over a hide. In this article I consider didactic illustrations and re-creations of human relatives in the context of science and art. I argue that these images are laden with symbolic sociopolitical meanings and are heavily biased by not only the newest scientific findings but also ideas about gender roles and civilization/civility in popular culture. Artistic representation in educational materials tends to reflect popular conceptions of ancestral life, more than data-dependent interpretations. For example, there is a bias against artistic depictions of women, children or the elderly and activities typically associated with them. Men and male activities – particularly hunting – are overrepresented. Hairy bodies, stooped posture, acute facial angles, savagery and a lack of material culture function as a symbol of incivility or animality. They are used to code an individual as being sufficiently inhuman to create a comfortable separation between viewer and ‘caveman’, which ultimately reflects our ambiguous relationship to human evolution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document