scholarly journals Development, democracy and corruption: how poverty and lack of political rights encourage corruption

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha S. Neudorfer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Large N ◽  
Conditional Effect ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

AbstractOn average, higher per capita income comes with lower corruption levels. Yet, countries like Mexico, Libya and Saudi Arabia are relatively wealthy but experience comparatively high corruption levels. Simultaneously, countries like Madagascar or Mozambique (in the 1990s) combine poor economic development with a low level of corruption. I propose that the two most common variables in corruption research – wealth and democracy – are mutually conditional: economic development brings about a larger (and stronger) middle class that demands public goods from the government. However, citizens’ ability to influence governmental decision-making varies by political regime type. In democracies, citizens are, on average, more successful in demanding goods from the government than in autocracies. Using a large-N approach (up to 139 countries, 1984–2006), the analysis finds robust empirical support for the proposed conditional effect.

Technology Assisting in Economic Decision Making

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-202
Author(s):  
José Manuel Orozco Plascencia ◽  
José Manuel de la Mora Cuevas ◽  
Jonás Larios Deniz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Decision ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Spatial System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

Colima is a state that has excellent physical and economic resources that can contribute to its development and immediate growth, however, there was no diagnosis that gathered the main economic vocations of the municipalities. In this sense, the University of Colima, through the School of Economics, raised the possibility of conducting a thorough investigation to determine the current status of the spatial, natural, environmental and infrastructure resources of the 10 communes of the entity, with the object of being identified in a spatial system or electronic platform, in which they can be visualized, updated and interpreted, according to the needs of the Government of the State of Colima and in particular, of the user sector, coordinated by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Government of the State of Colima. The chapter shows the methodology used for the preparation of the economic vocational study, the indicators and data, the planned goals and the objectives, as well as the problems that were faced and solved and the methodological decisions and if justification.

Political Regime and Perspectives of its Research in Juridical Science

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Дина Пайгина ◽  
Dina Paygina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
The Government

The article analyzes discussion questions about the concept of a political regime and its relationship to related categories: “form of government”, “public regime” and others. Clarity in understanding will contribute to the correctness of classification of these categories, considered in theory. The article presents ideas that have influenced the understanding of political regimes. Particular attention is paid to works of ancient authors, who are still on top of their relevancy due to their flexibility, despite the fact that they were formulated many years ago. The author proposes to define a political regime as a degree of political freedom of the citizens, expressed in the established system of rights that citizens may use when exercising their freedom, as the framework within which it should be exercised, and as the degree of effectiveness of the government. The author substantiates the connection between the political regime and legislative dynamics, which serves as an illustration of the current situation as a result of the decision-making by government authorities.

scholarly journals Association between Economic Development Level and Tuberculosis Registered Incidence in Shandong,China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyun Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Yang ◽  
Linqing Cao ◽  
Jinyue Liu ◽  
Ningning Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major infectious diseases that seriously endanger people's health.In Shandong province, the relationship between the level of economic development and TB incidence has not been studied.This study aims to provide more research basis for the government to prevent and control TB by exploring the impact of different economic factors on TB incidence. Methods : By constructing threshold regression model (TRM),we described the extent to which different economic factors contribute to TB registered incidence and differences in TB registered incidence among seventeen cities with different levels of economic development in Shandong province, China, during 2006-2017. Data were retrieved from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: Per capita medical expenditure（regression coefficient，-0.0314462；SD，0.0079305；P>|t|，0.000）and per capita savings（regression coefficient，0.0001924；SD，0.0000566；P>|t|，0.001） passed the significance test at the level of 1%.They are the two economic indicators that have the greatest impact on TB registered incidence.Through the threshold test, we selected the per capita savings as the threshold variable.In the three stages of per capita savings(＜9772.8086 China Yuan(CNY)；9772.8086 - 33835.5391 CNY；＞33835.5391 CNY), rural per capita income always has a significant negative impact on the TB registered incidence (The regression coefficients are -0.0015682, -0.0028132 and -0.0022253 respectively.P is 0.007,0.000 and 0.000 respectively.).In cities with good economies,TB registered incidence was 38.30% in 2006 and dropped to 25.10% by 2017. In cities with moderate economies, TB registered incidence peaked in 2008 at 43.10% and dropped to 27.1% by 2017.In poorer cities, TB registered incidence peaked in 2008 at 56.30% and dropped to 28.9% in 2017. Conclusion: We found that per capita savings and per capita medical expenditure are most closely related to the TB incidence. Therefore, relevant departments should formulate a more complete medical system and medical insurance policy to effectively solve the problem of "difficult and expensive medical treatment". In order to further reduce the TB incidence, in addition to timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment, it is more important for governments to increase investment in medicine and health care.

scholarly journals Association between economic development level and tuberculosis registered incidence in Shandong, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-yun Zhang ◽  
Dong-mei Yang ◽  
Lin-qing Cao ◽  
Jin-yue Liu ◽  
Ning-ning Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major infectious diseases that seriously endanger people’s health. In Shandong province, the relationship between the level of economic development and TB incidence has not been studied. This study aims to provide more research basis for the government to prevent and control TB by exploring the impact of different economic factors on TB incidence. Methods By constructing threshold regression model (TRM), we described the extent to which different economic factors contribute to TB registered incidence and differences in TB registered incidence among seventeen cities with different levels of economic development in Shandong province, China, during 2006–2017. Data were retrieved from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Results Per capita medical expenditure (regression coefficient, -0.0314462; SD, 0.0079305; P > |t|, 0.000) and per capita savings (regression coefficient, 0.0001924; SD, 0.0000566; P > |t|, 0.001) passed the significance test at the level of 1%.They are the two economic indicators that have the greatest impact on TB registered incidence. Through the threshold test, we selected the per capita savings as the threshold variable. In the three stages of per capita savings (<9772.8086 China Yuan(CNY); 9772.8086–33,835.5391 CNY; >33,835.5391 CNY), rural per capita income always has a significant negative impact on the TB registered incidence (The regression coefficients are − 0.0015682, − 0.0028132 and − 0.0022253 respectively. P is 0.007,0.000 and 0.000 respectively.).In cities with good economies, TB registered incidence was 38.30% in 2006 and dropped to 25.10% by 2017. In cities with moderate economies, TB registered incidence peaked in 2008 at 43.10% and dropped to 27.1% by 2017.In poorer cities, TB registered incidence peaked in 2008 at 56.30% and dropped to 28.9% in 2017. Conclusion We found that per capita savings and per capita medical expenditure are most closely related to the TB incidence. Therefore, relevant departments should formulate a more complete medical system and medical insurance policy to effectively solve the problem of “difficult and expensive medical treatment”. In order to further reduce the TB incidence, in addition to timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment, it is more important for governments to increase investment in medicine and health care.

scholarly journals Economic Development, Foreign Aid and Poverty Reduction: Paradigm in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Malachy AUgbaka ◽  
Abayomi Awujola ◽  
Tatiana Shcherbyna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

Foreign aid supplements internal resources required for economic development and growth in less developed countries (LDCs). Foreign inflows have bolstered a number of economic recuperation, reconstruction efforts and structural adjustment programs organized to haul the Africa economy out of a precarious decay. Discussions of foreign aid have concentrated on Africa since it has gotten the best measure of help on per capita premise than some other area; yet economic performance has been the weakest. In any case, economic development, foreign aid and poverty reduction has not enjoyed such interest in literature as it is ordinarily subsumed. This paper tries to build up a model between economic development, foreign aid and poverty reduction and decide if there is even a nexus between these three ideas by analyzing data from Nigeria. Utilized time series secondary data from World Development Indicators (WDI) mulling over Nigeria for the period which data were accessible. The study went on to perform correlation and regression analysis using GNP per capita as proxy for economic development as the dependent variable and poverty headcount(proxy for poverty reduction), gross capital formation, foreign aid, GDP per capita growth, inflation rate and growth of government expenditure as independent variables. It was observed that only gross capital formation have statistically significant relationship with GNP per capita while growth of government expenditure has the effect on GNP per capita. The results reveal that there is a positive relationship between economic development, foreign aid and poverty reduction. This implies foreign aid promotes economic development and poverty elimination. The government has a responsibility to battle against poverty and its efforts at predictable strategic economic development are significant in poverty reduction by spending the aid money for direct production programs. Keywords: foreign aid, economic development, poverty reduction.

scholarly journals SOSIALISASI KEGIATAN PENYULUHAN UMKM MEWUJUDKAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT YANG MEMPUNYAI POTENSI DAN PERAN STRATEGIS MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 20 TAHUN 2008

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Atsar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Questionnaire Assessment ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The government has enacted Law Number 20 Year 2008 concerning Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, but in reality there are still many people who do not yet have the interest to form MSMEs. This is due to residents not understanding the rules that apply. The method of community service is in the form of lectures. Lecturers as lecturers, and village officials as participants. Before the lecture, participants were asked to answer the pre-test questionnaire. After the material and questions and answers, participants were asked to fill in the post-test questionnaire. Based on the results of the activity it appears that increasing public understanding of MSMEs. This can be proven by various questions raised by participants and the results of the participant questionnaire assessment. Participants have understood the position of the community that has potential and strategic roles in realizing economic development, especially in Dewi Sari Village, Kec. Rengasdengklok District. Karawang, establish and manage MSMEs and so on. It is recommended that activities like this can be done routinely so that the existing MSMEs continue to grow so as to increase the income per capita of the community.

scholarly journals Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk Alternative Development of Sustainable Islamic Economic Development Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
Wina Paul ◽  
Rachmad Faudji ◽  
Hasan Bisri
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Islamic Economic

Economic development itself is defined as a continuous process that has the aim of increasing a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and per capita income of a country's population in the long term which has an impact on various aspects, both economic, social, and science and technology. The purpose of economic development in Indonesia is not only to increase per capita income but also to accelerate economic growth. Technological advances as a result of this development will also improve the quality of human resources, improve community welfare, reduce inequality, and reduce unemployment. The government continues to face various forms of economic development problems in Indonesia, including high unemployment, rampant poverty, high population, inflation resulting in low purchasing power, low productivity resulting in low per capita income, and export commodities dominated by the primary sector. Today, the development of Islamic economics, both in academia and practice, is very important to pay attention to. This is also related to how to develop thoughts and applications of the Islamic economic system in Indonesia. Various perspectives in the field of Islamic economics associated with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) themselves were created to answer the demands of world leadership in overcoming poverty, inequality and climate change in the form of real action. Establish a set of targets that can be applied universally and can be measured in balancing the three dimensions of sustainable development such as environmental, social and economic. Islamic economic objectives in several points of view are philosophical goals consisting of Al-Falah (holistic prosperity) and Maqasid al-Shariah and operational objectives consisting of increasing faith, creating maslahah, preventing concentration of wealth, and avoiding dangerous activities and even distribution. On the basis of this Islamic economic objective, the response was the issuance of a Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk as a product of the government through the Ministry of Finance to serve as an alternative to increasing Islamic-based economic development. The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative method with literature review. Through this article, we will try to discuss how this cash waqf linked sukuk can be used as an alternative for sustainable Islamic economic development. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's).

scholarly journals Association between Economic Development Level and Tuberculosis Registered Incidence in Shandong,China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyun Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Yang ◽  
Linqing Cao ◽  
Jinyue Liu ◽  
Ningning Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major infectious diseases that seriously endanger people's health.In Shandong province, the relationship between the level of economic development and TB incidence has not been studied.This study aims to provide more research basis for the government to prevent and control TB by exploring the impact of different economic factors on TB incidence.Methods :By constructing threshold regression model (TRM),we described the extent to which different economic factors contribute to TB registered incidence and differences in TB registered incidence among seventeen cities with different levels of economic development in Shandong province, China, during 2006-2017. Data were retrieved from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Results: Per capita medical expenditure（regression coefficient，-0.0314462；SD，0.0079305；P>|t|，0.000）and per capita savings（regression coefficient，0.0001924；SD，0.0000566；P>|t|，0.001） passed the significance test at the level of 1%.They are the two economic indicators that have the greatest impact on TB registered incidence.Through the threshold test, we selected the per capita savings as the threshold variable.In the three stages of per capita savings(＜9772.8086 China Yuan(CNY)；9772.8086 - 33835.5391 CNY；＞33835.5391 CNY), rural per capita income always has a significant negative impact on the TB registered incidence (The regression coefficients are -0.0015682, -0.0028132 and -0.0022253 respectively.P is 0.007,0.000 and 0.000 respectively.).In cities with good economies,TB registered incidence was 38.30% in 2006 and dropped to 25.10% by 2017. In cities with moderate economies, TB registered incidence peaked in 2008 at 43.10% and dropped to 27.1% by 2017.In poorer cities, TB registered incidence peaked in 2008 at 56.30% and dropped to 28.9% in 2017.Conclusion:We found that per capita savings and per capita medical expenditure are most closely related to the TB incidence. Therefore, relevant departments should formulate a more complete medical system and medical insurance policy to effectively solve the problem of "difficult and expensive medical treatment". In order to further reduce the TB incidence, in addition to timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment, it is more important for governments to increase investment in medicine and health care.

Political Regimes and the Extractive Capacity of Governments: Taxation in Democracies and Dictatorships

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Cheibub
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
The Government

Recent political and economic transformations in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe have brought about a renewed interest in the incentives and capabilities of different types of political regimes to implement policies that are deemed necessary for economic development, in particular, policies aimed at increasing tax revenue. One central question is whether democracies can collect as much in taxes as dictatorships. This article addresses this question by examining whether regime type, classified as democracy or dictatorship, has a causal impact on a government's capacity to mobilize resources through taxation. On the basis of data gathered for 108 countries for the period between 1970 and 1990, the article concludes that observed differences across countries regarding the level of taxes collected by the government are not due to the fact that some are under a democracy and others under a dictatorship. Concerns about the inability of democratic regimes to collect taxes are, therefore, unfounded.

scholarly journals Democracy by Demand? Reinvestigating the Effect of Self-expression Values on Political Regime Type

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirianne Dahlum ◽  
Carl Henrik Knutsen
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Sample Selection Bias ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Country Specific

The notion that cultural characteristics influence political regimes remains popular, despite mixed supporting evidence. In particular, democracy is argued to emerge and thrive in countries where liberal or freedom-oriented values (so-called self-expression values) are widespread. Inglehart and Welzel, for instance, report such an effect, mainly drawing inferences from cross-country comparisons. Yet cross-country correlations between self-expression values and democracy could stem from different processes. Reinvestigating this relationship, this article finds no empirical support when employing models accounting for sample-selection bias, country-specific effects and the endogeneity of values to democracy. Self-expression values do not enhance democracy levels or democratization chances, and neither do they stabilize existing democracies. In contrast, this study finds indications that a country’s experience with democracy enhances self-expression values.

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