Reflections of men and women in advanced old age on being born the other sex

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-205
Author(s):  
LENA ALÉX ◽  
BERIT LUNDMAN ◽  
ANNE HAMMARSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
The Other ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Women's Narratives ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Gender Perspectives

ABSTRACTThe study reported in this paper is part of the Umeå 85+ project in Sweden. The aim was to investigate gender perspectives among ‘the oldest old’, by asking men and women in advanced old age living in a sparsely populated area of northern Sweden to reflect on how life might have been if they had been born the other sex. Thematic narratives from nine men and seven women were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The content of these narratives was resolved into eight categories in two domains, respectively men's and women's reflections about being born the opposite sex. The narratives of both the men and women indicated that they were satisfied with their actual birth sex. The men were aware that if they had been born female, they would probably have experienced more hard work and had a more restricted life, and they were conscious of both women's relative powerlessness and their greater ability to manage and organise work within the home. The women's narratives described a femininity characterised by longing for a state of being unconcerned when young, and their narratives also displayed awareness of women's physical strength and that men's lives had also been hard.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Cognitive Performance in Old Age

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Praetorius ◽  
Valgeir Thorvaldsson ◽  
Boo Johansson ◽  
Linda B. Hassing
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Very Old Age ◽  
Rate Of Decline

Objective: To examine gender differences in level and change of cognitive performance in the oldest old while accounting for gender differences in longevity. Method: 574 individuals, aged 80 years and older, from the OCTO Twin Study. Five cognitive domains were administered at five occasions at 2-year intervals. Results: There were no cognitive differences between men and women, with the exception that men showed a steeper rate of decline in semantic memory. This effect was driven by men who had developed dementia and declined at a faster rate than women. Conclusion: Our results support previous findings showing minor to nonexisting gender differences in cognition among nondemented individuals in very old age when taking gender differences in longevity into account.

Comprehending socio-relational factors of mental wellbeing in the oldest old within Nordic and Mediterranean countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chiara Castelletti ◽  
Natalia Martín-María ◽  
Johanna Cresswell-Smith ◽  
Anna K. Forsman ◽  
Johanna Nordmyr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Relational Factors

Abstract Socio-relational aspects are essential for mental wellbeing (MWB), especially in the oldest old age. Our study aims to explore the socio-relational aspects related to MWB in accordance with the experiences of the oldest old of four European countries; and to examine how these differ between Mediterranean and Nordic people. A total of 117 participants aged 80+ years old were recruited, and 23 focus groups were performed. Qualitative content analysis identified five main themes. Family seemed to be the most important driver of the MWB of the oldest old, followed by relationships with close friends. Participants felt better when they had a sense of being needed, cared for, and connected. Loneliness and isolation negatively affected MWB, although solitude was appreciated. Differences appeared between Mediterranean and Nordic regions. Initiatives to promote positive interactions with family and friends, as well as social activities within the community, may contribute to strengthening MWB in the oldest old.

scholarly journals The Inequality of Right and Obligation of Minangkabau Men in Matrilineal System

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Sri Meiyenti ◽  
Afrida Afrida
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Interview Research ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Research Findings

Matrilineal in Minangkabau is well-known, especially by social scientists. This research is also deal with matrilineal in Minangkabau society. It specifically focuses on the position of men in the matrilineal andtheir view of the position.This research was conducted in Padang by a qualitative method. Data were collected from participant observations and in-depth interview. Research findings showed that Minangkabau men experienced an imbalance between obligations and rights in kinship.They were honored as the leader of their relative through some social and economic responsibilities. On the other hand, they did not have a complete right to the economic resources that are controlled by the woman. The men were discriminated against based on this regulation. There are massive differences between men and women related to the legacy. There were numerous abandoned men in their old age. However, the Minangkabau men did not consider it because of the effect of matrilineal customs.

scholarly journals The Inequality of Right and Obligation of Minangkabau Men in Matrilineal System

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Meiyenti ◽  
Afrida Afrida
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Interview Research ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Research Findings

Matrilineal in Minangkabau is well-known, especially by social scientists. This research is also deal with matrilineal in Minangkabau society. It specifically focuses on the position of men in the matrilineal andtheir view of the position.This research was conducted in Padang by a qualitative method. Data were collected from participant observations and in-depth interview. Research findings showed that Minangkabau men experienced an imbalance between obligations and rights in kinship.They were honored as the leader of their relative through some social and economic responsibilities. On the other hand, they did not have a complete right to the economic resources that are controlled by the woman. The men were discriminated against based on this regulation. There are massive differences between men and women related to the legacy. There were numerous abandoned men in their old age. However, the Minangkabau men did not consider it because of the effect of matrilineal customs.

PEMANFAATAN MARKA JALAN UNTUK MENGATUR BATAS TERITORIAL PERILAKU PADA PASAR MINGGU PAGI (SUNDAY MORNING MARKET) UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA YOGYAKARTA (Studi Kasus : Jalan Olahraga Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ricardo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sunday Morning ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Behavior Setting ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Data Field ◽  
Territorial Division ◽  
Gathering Data

Abstract: This Research is one of methods to figure out the benefits from the use of marking road. A special handling is needed to the violations of Marking Road especially for populated area that located on lack of attention area. Sunday morning market of University of Gadjah Mada has tight activities every Sunday morning and Olahraga street is the study sample that represent other streets. This research using qualitative methods by gathering data field and interview to obtain results such as site size, history, behavior setting, behavior mapping, and personal space. The use of marking road must be related to territorial division of activities such as function and activity that is happening.  Territory happened through a different process every its object.  There are two divisions of territory for Sunday Market Morning that are Primary Territory and Secondary Territory. Primary Territory includes kiosk traders, parking attendants, and visitors. On the other hand, Secondary territory is a space that is used together such as secondary road or the divisor road. After the division of territories is obtained then the data is analyzed to get some alternatives. The alternatives are compared to get the pattern of territories that can be arranged through the use of Marking Road.Keywords: Marking Road, Territorial, Sunday Morning Market of Gadjah Mada University    Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengetahui manfaat dari penggunaan marka jalan. Pelanggaran terhadap marka jalan perlu penanganan khusus terutama daerah-daerah padat yang terdapat pada jalur jalan lingkungan yang kurang menjadi perhatian. Pasar Minggu Pagi (Sunday Morning Market) Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta termasuk memiliki kegiatan padat setiap minggu pagi dan jalan olahraga sebagai sampel penelitian mewakili jalan yang lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data lapangan dan wawancara sehingga mendapatkan data seperti ukuran site, sejarah, behavior setting, behavior mapping, dan personal space. Penggunaan marka jalan pasti berhubungan dengan pembagian batas teritori kegiatan seperti fungsi dan aktivitas yang terjadi. Teritori terjadi melalui proses yang berbeda-beda tiap objeknya. Pada Sunday Morning Market terdapat pembagian dua teritori yaitu primary territory dan secondary territory. Primary territory meliputi pedagang kios, pelaku parkir, dan pengunjung. Sedangkan secondary territory merupakan ruang yang dipakai bersama seperti jalan sekunder ataupun jalan pembagi. Setelah didapatkan pembagian teritorinya maka dianalisis dan mendapatkan beberapa alternatif. Alternatif tersebut dibandingkan sehingga mendapatkan pola teritori yang dapat diatur melalui penggunaan marka jalan.Kata kunci: Marka Jalan, Teritorial, Pasar Minggu Pagi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Starość w nauczaniu św. Bazylego Wielkiego

Vox Patrum ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Bogdan Czyżewski
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Spiritual Maturity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Physical Suffering ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Almost All

Although St. Basil did not live 50 years, the topic of the old age appears in his works quite often. On the other hand, it is clear that Basil does not discuss this issue in one par­ticular work or in the longer argumentation. The fragmentary statements about old age can be found in almost all his works, but most of them can be found in the correspondence of Basil. In this paper we present the most important ad the most interesting aspect of teach­ing of Basil the Great. As these certificates show that the bishop of Caesarea looked at the old age maturely, rationally estimated passage of time, which very often makes a man different. He experienced it, for example as a spiritual and physical suffering, which often were connected with his person. He saw a lot of aspect of the old age, especially its advan­tages – spiritual maturity and wisdom. What is more, he pointed also to passage of time, which leads a man to eternity, which should be prepared to, regardless how old he is. In his opinion fear is not seen opinions of St. Basil present really Christian way of thinking, well-balanced and calm.

Gender and Social Exclusion in European Migration Crisis

2018 ◽  
pp. 658-676
Author(s):  
Marlou Schrover
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The One ◽  
European Migration

This chapter discusses social exclusion in European migration from a gendered and historical perspective. It discusses how from this perspective the idea of a crisis in migration was repeatedly constructed. Gender is used in this chapter in a dual way: attention is paid to differences between men and women in (refugee) migration, and to differences between men and women as advocates and claim makers for migrant rights. There is a dilemma—recognized mostly for recent decades—that on the one hand refugee women can be used to generate empathy, and thus support. On the other hand, emphasis on women as victims forces them into a victimhood role and leaves them without agency. This dilemma played itself out throughout the twentieth century. It led to saving the victims, but not to solving the problem. It fortified rather than weakened the idea of a crisis.

scholarly journals Body Image and Voluntary Gaze Behaviors towards Physique-Salient Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
April Karlinsky ◽  
Holly Howe ◽  
Melissa de Jonge ◽  
Alan Kingstone ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Image Variables

The purpose of this study was to explore body image correlates of voluntary consumption of physique-salient media. A secondary aim was to assess changes in affect following media consumption. Young adult men (n = 47; mean age = 20.2 years) and women (n = 87; mean age = 19.5 years) were discretely exposed to images of same-sex models with idealized- and average-physiques while completing an irrelevant computer task. Voluntary gaze at the images was covertly recorded via hidden cameras. Participants also completed measures of affect before and after the computer task. Measures of body-related envy, body appreciation, and self-perceptions of attractiveness, thinness, and physical strength were completed. Men and women did not differ in how often nor for how long they looked at the images overall, but body image variables were differentially associated with their voluntary gaze behaviors. For men, higher body-related envy and lower body appreciation were correlated with more looks at the average-physique model. Although women reported higher body-related envy than men, envy and body appreciation were not significant correlates of gaze behaviors for women. Both men and women experienced a general affective decrease over time, but only for men was the change in negative affect associated with their time spent looking at the ideal-physique image. Overall, these findings suggest that body-related envy and body appreciation influence how men choose to consume physique-salient media, and that media consumption may have negative consequences for post-exposure affect. Body image factors appear to be more strongly associated with behavior in men, perhaps because men are generally less often exposed to physique-salient media and, in particular, to average-physique images.

scholarly journals The Double Standard of Aging for Men and Women: Evidence From Across Europe, 2006–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Richard Settersten ◽  
Jack Day ◽  
Gunhild Hagestad
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
Cultural Constructions ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Is there a “double standard” (i.e., a harsher judgment) in the perceived ages at which women and men reach old age, and have these judgments changed over time? We use European Social Survey data from 23 countries in 2006 and newly released data from 16 of those countries in 2018. In both 2006 and 2018, men typically assign women substantially earlier ages than women themselves do. In some places, however, men also give themselves lower ages than women give them. With respect to when women become old, the differential views of men and women are persistent. So is the fact that women differentiate less between the sexes¬–though men differentiate less in 2018 relative to 2006. We use multilevel modeling to examine variation explained by both individual characteristics and country indicators of demographic and policy contexts. Findings underscore the significance of the double standard in cultural constructions of aging.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity in old age and its impact on life results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brijoux ◽  
Cristiane Woopen ◽  
Susanne Zank
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Representative Study

Abstract Background High prevalence diseases, such as high blood pressure, dementia and depression in old age can lead to multimorbidity, which is often defined as the presence of more than one health condition in an individual. Multimorbidity has negative consequences on health-related quality of life and healthcare utilization. As many age-associated diseases are not curable, therapeutic goals like preservation of autonomy, functioning, and life satisfaction become more important in old age patients. Objective The prevalence of multimorbidity dementia and depressive symptoms and the consequences of multimorbidity on autonomy, functioning, and life satisfaction among the oldest old were examined. Material and methods In personal computer-assisted interviews, participants of the representative study NRW80+ were asked for which health issues they received medical treatment. Results On average, people above the age of 80 years were treated for 3.62 diseases and 31.4% of older people received medical treatment for 5 or more diseases. A connection between multimorbidity and age group could not be shown. Autonomy, functioning, and life satisfaction are reduced in association with multimorbidity. Conclusion Multimorbidity is a frequent phenomenon among old people. A lack of diagnostic procedures and medical treatment can be a reason for the missing age trends. The results illustrate the importance of multimorbidity for patient-relevant outcomes and reveal the need to identify patients with multimorbidity.

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