Age differences in achievement goals and motivational characteristics of work in an ageing workforce

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEIKE HEIDEMEIER ◽  
URSULA M. STAUDINGER
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Approach Goals

ABSTRACTThis study reviews theory and results from developmental psychology to examine age differences in workplace achievement goals. We investigated whether goal level decreases with age and, by comparing the relative strength of different goals within individuals, we examined whether dominant achievement goals are related to age. In a large sample of employees (N=747), older workers' higher affective commitment and intrinsic motivation compensated for age-related decline in the importance of achievement goals. Whether learning-approach and learning-avoidance were dominant goals was not related to age but instead to skill level, affective commitment and intrinsically satisfying work. Dominant performance-approach goals were more common among males. Performance-avoidance was most likely to be a dominant goal among older males. Moreover, with age, performance-goal orientations had increasingly maladaptive consequences for self-efficacy and affect at work.

School Foci and Their Potential Ramifications in Urban High Schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Jones ◽  
Christian E. Mueller ◽  
Krystal L. McCutchen
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Urban High Schools ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Future Self ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined the relationship among students’ focus in urban schools and three educationally relevant psychological factors: school engagement, achievement goals, and possible future self. A 1-year study at two urban high schools with a total of 212 participants suggested that academically focused students are more highly engaged with mastery-approach goals, whereas students with a social focus had less optimal engagement and more performance goal orientations. Both academic and social focus indicated strongest relationships with academic future self and social future self, respectively.

scholarly journals Achievement goals model validation: Is the 2X2 better than the Trichotomous?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Bilson Simamora ◽  
Elisabeth Vita Mutiarawati
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Students ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
Avoidance Goals ◽  
Mastery Approach

<span>Achievement motivation evolved fast in the educational field. In this development, the trichotomous and the 2X2 models received myriad attention from the educational specialist. However, there is a debate about which is better between the two models. This study aimed to intercede this debate and argue that the study's duration should be accounted for in the validation. Approach goals should dominate new students' achievement goals, and old students' achievement goals will show the balance of approach and avoidance goals. For these reasons, this study gathers the data from 350 new students and 203 old students. Confirmatory factor analysis reveals that the trichotomous is the best model for new student segments. While for the old student segment, the 2X2 model shows its efficacy. Therefore, for the new students' segment, achievement goals consist of mastery-approach, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals. For the old students, besides those three-goal orientations, mastery-avoidance goals are also included. As expected, the independent sample t-test shows that new students have higher mastery-approach and performance-approach goals than old students have. Self-efficacy is more influential in the new than old student segments, as shown by simple linear regression. This study is still stuck to a single cross-sectional design. Further research can utilize longitudinal research with segmental-based analysis and pay attention to gender, major, social class, or other potential moderation variables.</span>

scholarly journals Occupational Future Time Perspective Mediates Age Differences in Conflict Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 406-406
Author(s):  
Dannii Yeung ◽  
Alvin Ho
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Variations ◽  
Conflict Strategies

Abstract Building on the theoretical framework of socioemotional selectivity theory (Carstensen, 2006), this presentation reports the findings of two studies conducted in Hong Kong Chinese workers to examine whether occupational future time perspective (OFTP) can account for the age differences in conflict strategies. Study 1 is a cross-sectional study with 416 working adults completed an online survey on conflict management (Mage=39.1 years, SD=12.1), and Study 2 is a laboratory study with 123 workers (Mage=40.1 years, SD=12.1) indicated their behavioural responses after watching hypothetical workplace conflict videos. In both studies, five conflict strategies (integrating, compromising, obliging, avoiding, and dominating) and OFTP (focus on opportunities and focus on limitations) were assessed. Parallel mediation analyses were performed. The results of Study 1 showed that both focus on opportunities and focus on limitations mediated the effects of age on obliging (b = -.006, SE=.002; and b = .006, SE=.002, respectively), avoiding (b = -.005, SE=.002; and b =.008, SE=.002, respectively), and dominating (b = -.014, SE=.003; and b = .009, SE=.002, respectively). Focus on opportunities could only account for the effects of age on integrating and compromising. The results of Study 2 showed that only focus on limitation could account for the age variations in the use of avoiding (b = .196, SE = .058) when facing intergenerational conflicts. The findings of this project reveal that the age-related focus on limitations increases older workers’ likelihood to utilize maladaptive conflict strategies, such as dominating and avoiding, to deal with conflicts occurred in the workplace.

scholarly journals Doeloriëntaties en het tijdsperspectief van oudere werknemers: is er een verband met pensioenintenties?

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Peeters ◽  
Bert Schreurs ◽  
Jorg Damen
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Mastery Avoidance ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
Avoidance Goals ◽  
Temporal Focus ◽  
Retirement Intentions ◽  
Future Focus ◽  
Mastery Approach

Goal orientations and temporal focus of older workers: What is the relation with retirement intentions? Goal orientations and temporal focus of older workers: What is the relation with retirement intentions? The aim of this study was to increase our insight into what motivates older employees to stay active on the labour market. For this we examined if and how the temporal focus of older workers is related to retirement intentions. It was assumed that mastery goal orientations (approach and avoidance) would mediate this relationship. 548 employees participated in the research. Our results showed that past focus was positively related to mastery avoidance goals whereas future focus was positively related to mastery approach goals. Moreover, mastery approach goals were positively related to retirement intentions and mastery avoidance goals were negatively related to retirement intentions. The conclusion is that the stimulation of a future focus as well as a mastery approach orientation play important roles in motivating older employees to work until retirement age.

Implicit Theories of Achievement and the Sport Experience: Effect of Goal Orientations on Achievement Strategies and Perspectives

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn C. Roberts ◽  
Howard K. Hall ◽  
Susan A. Jackson ◽  
Jay C. Kimiecik ◽  
Phyllis Tonymon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Implicit Theories ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Research Achievement ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Achievement Strategies ◽  
Experience Effect

This study investigated the effect of holding either a task- or an ego-oriented goal perspective on the perception of the purpose of sport, achievement strategies in practice and competition, satisfaction, and focus in competition. A total of 338 young adults were assessed for task- and ego-oriented achievement goals, the purposes of sport, and achievement strategies used during practice and competition. Congruent with previous research, achievement goals had a conceptually consistent association with the purposes of sport in that task-oriented athletes endorsed prosocial attributes and ego-oriented athletes endorsed achieving status. Achievement goals were also meaningfully related to achievement strategies adopted in practice and competition, satisfaction, and focus in competition. The study underscored the importance of achievement goals in understanding achievement strategies and behaviors of athletes in competitive sport contexts.

scholarly journals Competence and Learning in Late Career

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Chr. Lahn
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Cognitive Ageing ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Learning At Work ◽  
Boundaryless Careers

Issues of late career have recently attracted much political and public interest but contributions from research have been meagre. In this article, a review is made of the literature on cognitive ageing and learning abilities in an occupational context. Multidimensional and non-linear perspectives are increasingly replacing models of late career as a period of declining expertise. Data from an European Union Framework Programme 4 research project ‘Working Life Changes and the Training of Older Workers' (WORKTOW), supports such a redefinition. Also, the optimistic scenarios for late career that are held out by the literature on ‘boundaryless careers' are challenged. A sociocultural framework that is more sensitive to the institutional and cultural context of age differences in learning at work is asked for.

Age Differences in the Social Associative Learning of Trust Information

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Leigh Seaman ◽  
Alexander P. Christensen ◽  
Katherine Senn ◽  
Jessica Cooper ◽  
Brittany Shane Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

Trust is a key component of social interaction. Older adults, however, often exhibit excessive trust relative to younger adults. One explanation is that older adults may learn to trust differently than younger adults. Here, we examine how younger (N=33) and older adults (N=30) learn to trust over time. Participants completed a classic iterative trust game with three partners. Younger and older adults shared similar amounts but differed in how they shared money. Compared to younger adults, older adults invested more with untrustworthy partners and less with trustworthy partners. As a group, older adults displayed less learning than younger adults. However, computational modeling shows that this is because older adults are more likely to forget what they have learned over time. Model-based fMRI analyses revealed several age-related differences in neural processing. Younger adults showed prediction error signals in social processing areas while older adults showed over-recruitment of several cortical areas. Collectively, these findings suggest that older adults attend to and learn from social cues differently from younger adults.

scholarly journals Dark Pathways to Achievement in Science: Researchers’ Achievement Goals Predict Engagement in Questionable Research Practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Janke ◽  
Martin Daumiller ◽  
Selma Carolin Rudert
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Questionable Research Practices ◽  
Personal Motivation ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Predictor

Questionable research practices (QRPs) are a strongly debated topic in the scientific community. Hypotheses about the relationship between individual differences and QRPs are plentiful but have rarely been empirically tested. Here, we investigate whether researchers’ personal motivation (expressed by achievement goals) is associated with self-reported engagement in QRPs within a sample of 217 psychology researchers. Appearance approach goals (striving for skill demonstration) positively predicted engagement in QRPs, while learning approach goals (striving for skill development) were a negative predictor. These effects remained stable when also considering Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy in a latent multiple regression model. Additional moderation analyses revealed that the more researchers favored publishing over scientific rigor, the stronger the association between appearance approach goals and engagement in QRPs. The findings deliver first insights into the nature of the relationship between personal motivation and scientific malpractice.

Characteristics influencing high-risk sexual behaviours in elderly men

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Yuan Xiao ◽  
Bin Peng ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Dou Qu ◽  
Min-Qing Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Age Related

With the objective of investigating the characteristics influencing high-risk sexual behaviours in elderly men (60–74 years of age) in Chongqing, China, a total of 1433 healthy elderly men with sexual intercourse frequencies of one to six times/month who were willing to participate in the questionnaires were studied at four hospitals. We measured serum testosterone levels and performed follow-ups every six months, with a total of 1128 elderly men followed up after two years. We also investigated socio-economic and demographic characteristics (age, education, income, location, marital status and number of marriages), types of sexual partners, age differences with fixed sexual partners, frequency of sexual intercourse, combined basic age-related diseases, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) education, elderly self-care ability and high-risk sexual behaviours (frequency of sexual intercourse and number of sexual partners) using questionnaires. We analysed the influencing factors of high-risk sexual behaviours in elderly men using a univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, BP neural network prediction and cluster analysis. Finally, we found that serum total testosterone, age, types of sexual partners, age differences with fixed partners and frequency of sexual intercourse are five factors that influence high-risk sexual behaviours in elderly men.

Media portrayals of older employees: a success story?

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine van Selm ◽  
Beatrice I.J.M. Van der Heijden
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Corporate Communication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Media Portrayals ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Age Related

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of how portrayals of older employees in mass media messages can help combating stereotypical beliefs on their employability. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a systematic review of empirical studies on mass media portrayals of older employees in order to show what these reveal about the ways in which their employment status, occupation, job type, or work setting is portrayed. The approach builds upon theory on media portrayals, media effects, and stereotypes of older workers’ employability. Findings – This study shows that older employees in media portrayals, when present at all, are relatively often shown in higher-level professional roles, herewith overall, depicting an image that is positive, yet differs from stereotypical beliefs on their employability that are prevalent in working organizations. Research limitations/implications – Further empirical work is needed to more safely conclude on the prevalence of age-related portrayals of work and employment in mass media. In addition, longitudinal research is called for in order to better understand the possible causes for the way in which older employees are portrayed, as well as effects of age-related stereotyping in mass media and corporate communication outlets over time. Practical implications – This research sparks ideas about how new portrayals of older employees in mass media and corporate communication outlets can contribute to novel approaches to managing an aging and multi-generational workforce. Social implications – This study shows how working organizations can make use of the positive and powerful media portrayals of older employees, in order to activate normal and non-ageist behaviors toward them, and herewith, to increase their life-long employability. Originality/value – This study highlights the role of media portrayals of older employees in combating stereotypes about their employability.

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