scholarly journals Human security benchmarks: Governing human wellbeing at a distance

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRA HOMOLAR
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
Individual Security ◽  
Nations Development

AbstractWhen the United Nations Development Programme formally introduced the concept of human security in 1994, it was widely celebrated as a long-overdue humanist alternative to orthodox models of security. Today, human security is a buzzword for describing the complex challenges that individuals and communities face in achieving safety and wellbeing in an insecure world. This article directs attention away from the emancipatory and empowering qualities commonly ascribed to human security to explore, instead, the specific role of benchmarking within the wider human security agenda. The main focus here is on the ways in which human life has been operationalised, measured, and classified to create indicators that permit judgements about individual security and insecurity. The article argues that although a single global human security benchmark has yet to be established, the main indices used as performance metrics of human insecurity have produced a narrow understanding of what it means to live a ‘secure’ life and have reinforced the state as the main focal point of international security governance.

scholarly journals STATE ACTION AS AN INDIVIDUAL SECURITY THREAT IN CASE OF CYBERCRIME SECURITIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Miftah Farid ◽  
Ajeng Ayu Adhisty
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
International Security ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Object State ◽  
State Security ◽  
Individual Security

<p>In the current security concept, there are some changes to the current security object. This is due to the increasingly broad understanding of security objects.  This study examines the emergence of cyber issues as a new threat to state security. Cyber actions in the virtual world are developing along with the rapid technology development. Moreover, the state policy on cyber issues is considered as a new threat to individual security. The development of that state security issue is being debated among the theoreticians of international security studies. The concept of securitization explains the phenomenon of cyber issues and receives the attention of many states. Securitization carried out by the United States on Cybercrime issues becomes the initial trigger in viewing cyber actions as a new threat to state security. The object of this paper is more focused on State policy in dealing with cyber threats. Afterward, state policy in facing the cyber threat is seen from the perspective of human security from UNDP. Therefore, there is a debate about the desired security object. State actions to reach state security are then considered as individual privacy security. So, international security now does not only focus on state objects but also on individual, environment, economy, and identity. Thus, every action taken in securing an object does not pose a threat to other security objects.</p><div><p class="Els-keywords">Keywords: Cybercrime, State Security, Human Security, Securitization</p></div>

CYBERCRIME AS A THREAT TO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

2018 ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Vadim Vitalyevich Harin ◽  
Tatyana Vladislavovna Plotnikova
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Specific Species

With the advent of the first computer, human life changed forever. Virtual space has become an integral part of our lives. However, crime has evolved, a new specific species has emerged called cybercrime. In this study, we consider the features of a new type of crime. The history of the first criminal acts, the formation of the concept of cybercrime and its subsequent development are shown. Despite the rapid popularity among criminal circles, there is no clearly defined and generally accepted concept of cybercrime in science. These acts are characterized by very specific features. This encourages considering cybercrimes as not quite the standard of a crime. The classification and the main threats generated by these criminal acts are shown. The legislation of Russia and foreign countries is considered. In Russia, as in some foreign countries, the main focus is on fixing the responsibility for this act in the Criminal Code. At the same time, it should be noted that the states react rather quickly to the emergence of new threats and try to form relevant legislation. Identified and justified the problem of disclosure of cybercrime. These crimes are very relevant threats to human security, society and the state. Cybercrime is not only a national and regional threat, but also a threat to international security.

scholarly journals The intervention of the great powers and the challenge of human security in Afghanistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
International Security ◽  
International System ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
External Threats

The purpose of national security is to defend the country against external threats. But the purpose of human security is to protect individuals and humans from all threats. In international security theories, the two are distinguished. Therefore, many schools and theories have commented on it. For example, the security theory of realism focuses on "national security" within the framework of "States", but the liberal security theory focuses on "human security" within the framework of the international system. But along with these theories, the role of the great powers cannot be ignored or threatened by national or human security. Throughout history, the conquering and superior powers have always fought for the weak countries. The backward and weak countries have never been immune to this kind of aggression. Therefore, in this paper, we will look for the most important question that is what role do the great powers play in challenging human security in weak countries? This study will analyze the role of powerful countries' intervention in the challenge of human security in the international system and especially in Afghanistan.

Human Security

2008 ◽  
pp. 538-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fen Osler Hampson ◽  
Christopher K. Penny
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Human Security ◽  
World Politics ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Individual

This article gives the benefits of redefining ‘security’ in order to emphasize human beings instead of states. It shows that human security is firmly embedded in today's language of world politics. Human security also reflects the role of the UN in advancing at occasionally enforcing new international norms that place the individual at the core of modern understandings of international security.

Human Security

2018 ◽  
pp. 634-652
Author(s):  
Christopher K. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Individual Security

This chapter examines the role of the United Nations in developing, promoting, and enforcing norms within three broad understandings of human security: basic human rights; rights for those affected by violent conflict (‘freedom from fear’); and, rights for those experiencing severe hardship (‘freedom from want’). After reviewing key theoretical challenges, this chapter details the UN’s achievements within these three overlapping understandings, illustrating its contribution to furthering individual security. The UN has given meaning to the idea that state sovereignty should be limited and that, in some circumstances, individual rights should trump state interests. Despite the UN’s substantial human security accomplishments, this chapter recognizes the major challenges for the full realization of these ideals.

Encounters with wild, ecotour and captive marine mammals: what do they tell us about human wellbeing and environmental behaviour?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Yerbury ◽  
William Boyd ◽  
Betty Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Connection To Nature ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Nature Contact

Nature recreation can be beneficial for human health and wellbeing, and this paperinvites discussion about whether environmental behaviour nature contact can influence naturecontact. As human life becomes more urbanised, people interact less closely with nature,which weakens and nature connections are weakened. Tourism provides an opportunity toenhance nature contact, and hence nature connection, and may, motivate pro-environmentalbehaviour. This study uses the ‘R’ statistical package to analyse questionnaire data from 679participants who have encountered marine mammals in the wild, as part of an ecotour, and incaptive settings. It considers the question: Does a connection to nature mediate the rolebetween nature contact and wellbeing, and do marine mammal experiences specificallycontribute to human wellbeing and environmental behaviour? The role of nature connectionas a mediator between nature contact and wellbeing is described in a structural equationmodel. Marine mammal experiences are shown to be significantly and positively related tohuman wellbeing (three-way ANOVA) and environmental behaviour (Kruskal-Wallis HTest). We conclude that nature connectedness mediates the effect of nature contact onwellbeing, and marine mammal experiences have an effect on wellbeing and environmentalbehaviour. This study adds to research on cetacean experiences by including all marinemammals across different experience types. The results assist identify paths through whichrecreation time may achieve a two-way benefit of wellbeing and environmental behaviour.

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

The role of Record of Rights (Khatian) in determining title or possession: An overview

IIUC Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Kalim Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Supportive Evidence ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Religious Systems

Human beings are deeply related to land. Human beings take birth on land, live on land, die on land and mixes with land ultimately. As stated in the holy Quran: ‘We (Allah) created you (human beings) from the soil, we shall make you return to the soil and We shall call you back again from the soil’ (20:55). Human life is surrounded by soil i.e. land. So, land is a highly completed issue of human life involving economic, social, political, cultural and often religious systems. Land administration is thus a critical element and often a pre-condition for peaceful society and sustainable development. In administrating land, Khatian or record of rights plays a vital role to determine the rights and interests of the respective parties as supportive evidence. In this article, discussion is mainly made on the fact that Khatian or record of rights is not a document of title solely but it may be an evidence of title as well as possession. IIUC Studies Vol.15(0) December 2018: 33-46

Parliament as the Foreign Policy Actor: the Resources of the Parliamentary Diplomacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Boris I. Ananyev ◽  
Daniil A. Parenkov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Security ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Policy Actor ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Essential Idea ◽  
Per Se

The aim of the article is to show the role of parliament in the foreign policy within the framework of the conservative school of thought. The authors examine both Russian and Western traditions of conservatism and come to the conclusion that the essential idea of “the rule of the best” has turned to be one of the basic elements of the modern legislative body per se. What’s more, parliament, according to the conservative approach, tends to be the institution that represents the real spirit of the nation and national interests. Therefore the interaction of parliaments on the international arena appears to be the form of the organic communication between nations. Parliamentary diplomacy today is the tool that has the potential to address to the number of issues that are difficult to deal with within the framework of the traditional forms of IR: international security, challenges posed by new technologies, international sanctions and other.

РОЛЬ КНИГИ В ВОСПИТАНИИ ПОЛИКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Замира Сейткожоева
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Multicultural Personality ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Life Education ◽  
Different Cultures

Аннотация: В статье обращено внимание на исключительную роль книги в жизни человека, воспитание молодежи. Книга сопровождает человека всю жизнь. Однако в последние годы замечается снижение интереса к чтению книг. Отдается предпочтение компьютеру, играм, телевизору, слушанию музыки через наушники. Во избежание деградации личности, в воспитании грамотной, гуманной, толерантной личности необходимо приучать подрастающее поколение к вдумчивому чтению книг. Значительное место в развитии личности занимает внеклассное чтение, к которому нужно прививать интерес еще во время учебы в младшем возрасте. В мире особая роль принадлежит межличностным отношениям, формированию такой личности, которая могла бы жить в согласии с носителями разных культур. Для формирования поликультурной личности важная роль принадлежит культурному наследию, основу которого составляют книги. Ключевые слова: роль книги, гуманная личность, толерантная личность, библиографические материалы, указатели библиографических данных, справочная литература, поликультурная личность, внеклассное чтение, информатизация, интерес к чтению. Аннотация: Макалада адамдын жашоосундагы жаштарды тарбиялоодогу китептин өзгөчө мааниси, ролуна өзгөчө көңүл бурулган. Бир эле мезгилде, соңку жылдарда китептерибизге болгон адамдардын кызыгууларды төмөндөп бараткандыгы байкалган.Учурда поли- же ар кандай оюндарга, телевизор көрүүгө, кулакчын аркылуу модалуу музыка угууга, артыкчылык берилип жатат. Билимдүү, гумандуу толеранттуу инсанды тарбиялап чыгууга да, анын деградацияга кабылышынан сактап калыш үчүн, өсүп келе жаткан муундарды өзүнүн айкалыштыра алуусу менен китептерди берилип жана ой жүгүртүп алууга үйрөтүү- өтө зарыл талап болуп эсептелет. Инсандын онүгүндө окуудан тышкаркы окуунун маанилүү орду бар. Мындай окууга буга кызыгуусун өркүндөтүүнун башталгыч каласстардан тарта үйрөтүү абзел. Инсандар аралык байланыштар дүйнөдө өзгөчө орун ээлейт, алар башка маданий өкүлдөрү менен макулдуктулукта жашоого даяр. Полимаданиятту инсандын калыптанышына ар маданияттын мурасы өтө чоң ролду ойнойт, анын негизин китептер түзөт. Түйүндүү сөздөр: китептин мааниси жана ролу, гумандуу инсан, толеранттуу инсан, библиографиялык материалдар, библиографиялык маалыматтарды көрсөтүү сурантыла билүү адабияты, полимаданиятуу инсан, окуудан тышкаркы окуу,маалымдуулук, окууга кызыгуу The article draws attention to the exceptional role of the book in human life, education of young people. The book accompanies a person all his life. However, in recent years, there has been a decline in interest in reading books. Preference is given to a computer, games, TV, listening to music through headphones. In order to avoid degradation of the personality, it is necessary to accustom the younger generation to thoughtful reading of books. a significant place in the development of personality takes extracurricular reading, to which you need to instill interest even while studying at a younger age. In the world a special role belongs to interpersonal relationship, the formation of such a personality, who could live in harmony with speakers of different cultures. To form a multicultural personality an important role belongs to cultural heritage, the basis of which are books Keywords: the role of the book, humane personality, tolerant personality, bibliographic materials, indexes of bibliographic data, reference literature, multicultural personality, extracurricular reading, informatization, interest in reading.

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