Direct and indirect effects of fire on radial growth of cerrado savanna trees

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. HOFFMANN
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
South Central ◽  
Cerrado Savanna ◽  
Negative Effect

Fire is the most prevalent form of disturbance in the cerrado savannas of south-central Brazil, commonly occurring at 2-to 3-y intervals (Coutinho 1990). Frequent fires are known to increase tree mortality (Sato & Miranda 1996), but it is unclear how they affect the growth of the surviving trees. Damage to the crown from scorching is likely to have a direct negative effect on plant growth, however the reduction in tree density due to repeated burning could indirectly stimulate growth because of release from competition. Understanding the relative strength of these contrasting direct and indirect effects of fire on tree growth is important for predicting human impacts on the cerrado vegetation.

scholarly journals Effect of family stress on life satisfaction among female workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China: Exploring the roles of anxiety symptoms and age

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532110448
Author(s):  
Songli Mei ◽  
Tongshuang Yuan ◽  
Leilei Liang ◽  
Hui Ren ◽  
Yueyang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Negative Effect

The study aimed to investigate the level of life satisfaction (LS) among Chinese female workers after resuming work during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to further explore the potential mediating and moderating roles in the association between family stress and LS. Self-reported questionnaires were completed by 10,175 participants. Results showed that the level of LS decreased. The family stress had a negative effect on LS, and the effect was mediated by anxiety symptoms. Additionally, age moderated the direct and indirect effects within this relationship. Interventions aiming to improve LS should consider these aspects and younger workers should be given special attention.

scholarly journals The Relationships among Social Support, Bowel Function Symptoms and Uncertainty in Rectal Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-430
Author(s):  
Kyungmi Lee ◽  
Semi Lim
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Bowel Function ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This study examined the mediating effect of bowel function symptoms in the relationship between social support and uncertainty in rectal cancer patients.Methods: In total, 132 rectal cancer patients were recruited online. Data were collected from October 1, 2020 to October 31, 2020 using on-line questionnaires and were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients and bootstrapping for mediation.Results: Social support had a significant and positive effect on bowel function symptoms and a negative effect on uncertainty. Bowel function symptoms had a significant negative effect on uncertainty; and showed a statistically significant mediating effect in the relationship between social support and uncertainty. In other words, social support had direct and indirect effects on uncertainty.Conclusion: In rectal cancer patients, social support attenuated bowel function symptoms and showed direct and indirect effects on uncertainty. Therefore, to increase the social support of rectal cancer patients, the patients’ family, friends, and meaningful others should be involved in providing nursing. In order to reduce bowel function symptoms, which have a mediating effect, rectal cancer patients need to be well aware of the symptoms of bowel function that change after surgery. Systematic pre- and post- operative education would be help reduce uncertainty.

scholarly journals Getting Old Well in Sub Saharan Africa: Exploring the Social and Structural Drivers of Subjective Wellbeing among Elderly Men and Women in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Rishworth ◽  
Susan J. Elliott ◽  
Joseph Kangmennaang
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

While literature attempts to explain why self-reported subjective wellbeing (SWB) generally increases with age in most high-income countries based on a social determinants of a health framework, little work attempts to explain the low levels of self-report SWB among older persons in sub-Saharan Africa. Using the 2013 Uganda Study on Global Aging and Health with 470 individuals, this research examines (i) direct and indirect effects of age on SWB through social and structural determinants, and (ii) how direct and indirect effects vary by gender. Results show a significant direct and negative effect of age on SWB (β = 0.42, p = 0.01). Six indirect paths were statistically significant and their indirect effects on wellbeing varied by gender. Providing support, education, working status, asset level, financial status and financial improvement were significantly positively associated with men’s SWB, whereas younger age, providing community support, participating in group activities, number of close friends/relatives, government assistance and all socio-economic variables were significantly positively associated with women’s SWB. Strategies to address gendered economic, social and political inequalities among and between elderly populations are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Plant diversity enhances productivity and soil carbon storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (16) ◽  
pp. 4027-4032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiping Chen ◽  
Wantong Wang ◽  
Wenting Xu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Hongwei Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect

Despite evidence from experimental grasslands that plant diversity increases biomass production and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, it remains unclear whether this is true in natural ecosystems, especially under climatic variations and human disturbances. Based on field observations from 6,098 forest, shrubland, and grassland sites across China and predictions from an integrative model combining multiple theories, we systematically examined the direct effects of climate, soils, and human impacts on SOC storage versus the indirect effects mediated by species richness (SR), aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), and belowground biomass (BB). We found that favorable climates (high temperature and precipitation) had a consistent negative effect on SOC storage in forests and shrublands, but not in grasslands. Climate favorability, particularly high precipitation, was associated with both higher SR and higher BB, which had consistent positive effects on SOC storage, thus offsetting the direct negative effect of favorable climate on SOC. The indirect effects of climate on SOC storage depended on the relationships of SR with ANPP and BB, which were consistently positive in all biome types. In addition, human disturbance and soil pH had both direct and indirect effects on SOC storage, with the indirect effects mediated by changes in SR, ANPP, and BB. High soil pH had a consistently negative effect on SOC storage. Our findings have important implications for improving global carbon cycling models and ecosystem management: Maintaining high levels of diversity can enhance soil carbon sequestration and help sustain the benefits of plant diversity and productivity.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Effects of Management Intensity and Environmental Factors on the Functional Diversity of Lichens in Central European Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Steffen Boch ◽  
Hugo Saiz ◽  
Eric Allan ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Daniel Prati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Standing Tree ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Management Intensity ◽  
Negative Effect

Using 642 forest plots from three regions in Germany, we analyzed the direct and indirect effects of forest management intensity and of environmental variables on lichen functional diversity (FDis). Environmental stand variables were affected by management intensity and acted as an environmental filter: summing direct and indirect effects resulted in a negative total effect of conifer cover on FDis, and a positive total effect of deadwood cover and standing tree biomass. Management intensity had a direct positive effect on FDis, which was compensated by an indirect negative effect via reduced standing tree biomass and lichen species richness, resulting in a negative total effect on FDis and the FDis of adaptation-related traits (FDisAd). This indicates environmental filtering of management and stronger niche partitioning at a lower intensity. In contrast, management intensity had a positive total effect on the FDis of reproduction-, dispersal- and establishment-related traits (FDisRe), mainly because of the direct negative effect of species richness, indicating functional over-redundancy, i.e., most species cluster into a few over-represented functional entities. Our findings have important implications for forest management: high lichen functional diversity can be conserved by promoting old, site-typical deciduous forests with a high richness of woody species and large deadwood quantity.

scholarly journals Τυφλός και εποικοδομητικός πατριωτισμός, συλλογικός ναρκισσισμός και επιθετικότητα ενάντια σε εξω-ομάδες

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Αλεξάνδρα Χαντζή ◽  
Κατερίνα Τσαντίλα
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
High Status ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Group Practices ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
National Attachment ◽  
Using Data

The present study examines the effects of different forms of national attachment – namely blind patriotism (unquestioned attachment to one’s country), constructive patriotism (critical approach to in-group practices for the improvement of the country, Schatz, Staub, & Lavine, 1999), and collective narcissism (unrealistic beliefs about the in-group’s “greatness”, Golec de Zavala, Cichocka, Eidelson, & Jayawickreme, 2009) – on support for aggressive acts against low (immigrants) and high status (Germans) out-groups, using data collected from a sample of 124 Greek men and women. Results showed that collective narcissism had indirect effects on support for aggressive acts against both immigrants and Germans, through its effects on blatant and subtle prejudice (Pettigrew & Meertens, 1995). Blind patriotism had both direct and indirect effects (through blatant prejudice) on support for aggressive acts against immigrants only, while constructive patriotism had a direct negative effect on support for aggressive acts against Germans only. The discussion focuses on how these different forms ofnational attachment affect intergroup relations, depending on out-group status.

scholarly journals PENGARUH INVESTASI, PDRB DAN PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA TERHADAP JUMLAH PENDUDUK MISKIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Agus Budi Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
National Level ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Previous Theory ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Industrial Service ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Introduction: During 2009-2013, the percentage of poor people in East Java was always above the national level. Based on this background, this study aims to examine and analyze the effect of investment, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), and labor absorption on the number of poor people in districts and cities in East JavaMethods: This study uses the path analysis method. This method was chosen because it is able to explain the direct and indirect effects between the independent variables and between the independent variables and the dependent variable based on a model built from previous theory and research.Results: The results showed that investment directly had a positive effect on GRDP and employment. Meanwhile, GDP has a direct negative effect on the number of poor people, and employment has a direct positive effect on the number of poor people. So that investment indirectly has a negative effect on the number of poor people through PDRB, and investment indirectly has a positive effect on the number of poor people through employment.Conclusion and suggestion: Regencies or cities whose economy is dominated by the industrial, service and trade sectors such as Sidoarjo regency, Gresik regency, Surabaya city, Malang city and the majority of other cities in East Java Province, which so far have low labor absorption, require labor intensive investment. so as to be able to absorb more labor which in turn will reduce the number of poor people.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Deposito Mudharabah dan NPF Terhadap ROA dan Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil Sebagai Intervening pada Bank Umum Syariah

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-510
Author(s):  
Anggita Rismawati Rachman ◽  
Benny Barnas ◽  
Ruhadi Ruhadi
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Intervening Variables

The researcher aims to discuss the factors that influence Return On Assets with the bank's internal variables as independent, namely Mudharabah Deposits, NPF and Profit Sharing Funding Value as intervening variables. To explain the direct and indirect effects of data analysis techniques used to use path analysis (Path Analysis) using SmartPLS 3.0 analysis software. The results showed that the Mudharabah Deposit had no effect, NPFt-1 had a negative effect and the Profit Sharing Funding Value had no effect on Return On Assets. Then Mudharabah Deposits do not have an effect on Return On Assets through Profit Sharing Financing Value and NPFt-1 has no effect on Return On Assets through Profit Sharing Financing Value. The novelty of the study with previous research is the existence of an analysis to find out what factors influence ROA and Value of Financing Sharing as an intervening variable.

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