Mistress or wife? Fukui Sakuzaemon vs. Iwa, 1819–1833

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY LOUISE NAGATA

This article is a case study addressing the issues of concubines, legitimacy and inheritance in early modern Japan. Although there was some discussion about the legal status of concubines/mistresses in the late nineteenth century in Meiji Japan, the topic has attracted surprisingly little recent research. The Meiji debate was concerned with how to treat concubines under a system that both outlawed bigamy and recognized common law marriages. The later academic debate refers back to the earlier interpretations of the legal and social status of concubines, with one side claiming they were nearly equal to wives and the other claiming they were little more than servants. In this study I review the above debates and then address the issue with a study of an inheritance case that began in 1819 when Fukui Sakuzaemon adopted an heir from outside the family. Sakuzaemon's concubine Iwa played an important role in the inheritance agreement and in further developments in the suit, including later efforts to disinherit the new head and gain support for her daughters by Sakuzaemon. I use the documents from this complicated case to analyse the social and legal statuses of Iwa and the relationship of her daughters to the Fukui family and its assets.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-363
Author(s):  
Tarcísio Staudt ◽  
Carla Joseandra Dillenburg ◽  
Jucelaine Bitarello

ABSTRACTThe objective is to identify the relationship of managers and employees the forms of recognition of Spiritual Capital as part of the integral being in the workplace. Thus, we described the spiritual evolution of man through the ages, we discuss theories about the whole being, identify and analyze the values that constitute the Spiritual Capital, showing its relevance in the business environment in two ways: the reflections generated by the formation of a team spirit high, and the values and principles that guide the actions of managers and employees. The research is characterized as qualitative descriptive exploratory design, whose basis was made by the literature review. The case study was conducted at the Agency for Post Franchised Rua Grande, located in São Leopoldo / RS. We used the methodology of content analysis, using the technique of speech analysis performed by guiding tours of interviews with two managers and a non-probability sample of ten employees. In the analyzed company, identified as a factor of greater relevance to management integration with your staff, creating involvement and complicity in the team. Leaders seek personal satisfaction and professional staff as well as realize the extent of the social issues of particular employees by making the work environment supportive. The methodology applied by management contributes to the formation of the integral, since it gives employees freedom of action, stimulating their potential and enhancing their qualifications. The agency has an integrated team, strengthened by the values and purposes guiding spirituality.RESUMOO objetivo é identificar nas relações de gestores e funcionários as formas de reconhecimento do Capital Espiritual como elemento do ser integral no ambiente de trabalho. Desta forma, descrevemos a evolução espiritual do ser humano através dos tempos; abordamos teorias sobre o ser integral; identificamos e analisamos os valores que constituem o Capital Espiritual, demonstrando sua relevância no ambiente empresarial sob dois aspectos: os reflexos gerados pela formação de uma equipe espiritualmente elevada, e, os valores e princípios que norteiam as ações dos gestores e funcionários. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa com delineamento descritivo-exploratório, cujo embasamento deu-se através da revisão bibliográfica. O estudo de caso foi realizado na Agência de Correios Franqueada Rua Grande, situada na cidade de São Leopoldo/RS. Utilizou-se a metodologia de análise de conteúdo, através da técnica de análise de discurso realizada por meio de roteiros norteadores de entrevistas aplicadas aos dois gestores e em uma amostra não-probabilística de dez funcionários. Na empresa analisada, identificamos como fator de maior relevância a integração da gestão com seu quadro funcional, criando envolvimento e cumplicidade na equipe. Os líderes buscam a satisfação pessoal e profissional dos funcionários, bem como percebem a extensão social das questões particulares dos colaboradores tornando o ambiente de trabalho solidário. A metodologia aplicada pela gestão contribui para a formação do ser integral, visto que proporciona aos funcionários liberdade de ação, estimulando suas potencialidades e valorizando suas qualificações. A agência conta com uma equipe integrada, fortalecida pelos valores e propósitos norteadores da espiritualidade.


Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Konovalova

Relevance. The article is devoted to the study of adolescents who do not have evaluative and/or prescribed respect for their parents as well as presents factors associated with disrespectful attitude to their parents: gender, family composition, financial security of the family, social status of the parent, features of upbringing and child-parent relationships. The disrespect for parents has not yet been studied in detail Objective. Identification of factors contributing to disrespectful attitude of adolescents towards their parents. Sample. In total, 294 people participated in the study: 218 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years; 76 parents of these adolescents aged 33 to 48 years. Methods. Adolescents were offered the author’s questionnaire “Respect for Parents”, the ADOR method — “Adolescents about Parents”, Parents answered questions from “Analysis of Family Relationships” (AFR). Results. Four groups of adolescents were identified based on cluster analysis of “Respect for parents” method: respectful, disrespectful, evaluatively respectful, and prescriptively respectful. It was found that boys do not respect their parents more often than girls. Adolescents from single-parent families are also more likely to disrespect their parents. The gender of the parent is not related to respect indicators. The social success of the parent and the financial security of the family are important factors associated with the respect of adolescents for their parents. The relationship of a large number of features of parenting and child-parent relations (both in the perception of adolescents — ADOR method and their parents — AFR method) with indicators of respect for parents among adolescents was analyzed. Conclusion. Adolescents may not have evaluative respect (conscious deference, the result of evaluating a person) or prescribed respect (the result of assimilating social norms of honoring elders) for their parents, or they may not fully respect them. Adolescents do not respect parents who lack psychological acceptance of children, lack parental feelings, and are hostile to them. Also, adolescents do not respect parents who show dominant hyperprotection


2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Souza e Silva ◽  
Daniel M. Sutko ◽  
Fernando A. Salis ◽  
Claudio de Souza e Silva

This qualitative case study describes the social appropriation of mobile phones among low-income communities in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) by asking how favela (slum) residents appropriate cell phones. Findings highlight the difficulty these populations encounter in acquiring and using cell phones due to social and economic factors, and the consequent subversive or illegal tactics used to gain access to such technology. Moreover, these tactics are embedded in and exemplars of the cyclic power relationships between high-and low-income populations that constitute the unique use of mobile technologies in these Brazilian slums. The article concludes by suggesting that future research on technology in low-income communities focus instead on the relationship of people to technology rather than a dichotomization of their access or lack thereof.


Author(s):  
Farouq Abdel Kareem Al-Jarrah Farouq Abdel Kareem Al-Jarrah

The study aimed to reveal the social system of the family, In the Islamic educational perspective, and the researcher used the analytical inductive approach, in his study of texts and opinions, and the deductive approach to extract the concepts and principles of the family's social system, and it consisted of the following investigations: The first topic: the family, its concept and its position, and the second topic addressed: principles The social system of the family related to the marital relationship is a comparative study with the structural functional, and as for the third topic: the principles of the social system of the family in the relationship of fathers with children, the study reached several results, the most important of which are: that the family idiomatically: the social entity consisting of a man and a woman linked by the marital bond, according to The law of God Almighty, and what results from this bond of children, is governed by the approach of Islam, and that the principle of marriage in the relationship is based on the difference of sex, a man and a woman are bound by a legal contract, and in accordance with the human instinct that God Almighty created, and one of the most important recommendations of the study: Explain what is involved He must bear international conventions and conferences about the dangers of violating the Islamic curriculum, with regard to the family, through specialized research studies.


Author(s):  
А.Л. Журавлев ◽  
Д.А. Китова

По статистическим данным смертность в России вновь превысила рождаемость. В качестве причин такой ситуации чаще всего называют экономические факторы, но мировой опыт показывает, что проблема низкого уровня рождаемости не всегда обусловлена трудностями экономического содержания. Предполагается, что социально-демографическая ситуация может быть обусловлена психологическими факторами, которые будут проявлять себя в характере (особенностях) отношения к детям. Целью исследования выступает выявление структурных и содержательных составляющих отношения пользователей социальных сетей к детям. Объектом исследования являются пользователи социальной сети Twitter на территории России, а также сообщения (твиты) пользователей, в контексте которых присутствует слово «дети». В исследовании использована авторская (М.А. Китов) автоматизированная система анализа текстов и эмоционального фона сообщений. Основные выводы исследования сводятся к следующим позициям. Ребенок воспринимается пользователями социальной сети как высшая экзистенциональная ценность, на удовлетворение нужд которого должны быть направлены значительные ресурсы семьи и общества. Ведущими смыслами отношения к детям выступают духовные смыслы. На втором плане актуализируются материальные проблемы, которые воспринимаются пользователями сети как важные условия социализации ребенка и облегчения условий жизни семьи. При этом финансовая и социальная помощь государства, направленная на поддержание условий жизни ребенка в семье, воспринимается пользователями как недостаточная. Наиболее яркой среди проблем, обсуждаемых пользователями социальной сети Twitter, выступает проблема поведения ребенка, которая, как по количественным, так и по качественным характеристикам, превосходит все остальные обсуждаемые в сети ситуации. При этом основной фон оценок поведения ребенка носит негативный оттенок и связан с его поведением. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о социальной и психологической значимости представленной проблемы, которая должна привлечь внимание психологов, социологов и социальных работников. According to statistics, the death rate in Russia has again exceeded the birth rate. Economic factors are often cited as the reasons for this situation, but world experience shows that the problem of low birth rates is not always caused by difficulties in economic maintenance. It is assumed that the socio-demographic situation may be due to psychological factors that will manifest themselves in the nature (features) of the relationship to children. The purpose of the study is to identify the structural and content components of the relationship of social network users to children. The object of the study is users of the social network Twitter in Russia, as well as messages (tweets) of users in the context of which the word "children" is present. The author's (M.A. Kitov) automated system for analyzing texts and the emotional background of messages was used in the study. The main conclusions of the study are summarized in the following positions. The child is perceived by users of the social network as the highest existential value, to meet the needs of which significant resources of the family and society should be directed. The leading meanings of the relationship to children are spiritual meanings. In the background, material problems are updated, which are perceived by users of the network as important conditions for the socialization of the child and the simplification of the family's living conditions. At the same time, financial and social assistance from the state aimed at maintaining the child's living conditions in the family is perceived by users as insufficient. The most striking problem discussed by users of the social network Twitter is the problem of child behavior, which, both in quantitative and qualitative characteristics, exceeds all other situations discussed in the network. At the same time, the main background of assessments of the child's behavior is negative and is associated with his behavior. The results of the study indicate the social and psychological significance of the presented problem, which should attract the attention of psychologists, sociologists and social workers.


2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1831-1831
Author(s):  
G. Bogojevic ◽  
L. Ziravac

IntroductionEach psychiatric patient is potentially suicidal. However, the mentally illness people who pronounced security measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment are the particular risk group. In their current psychopathology has the greatest importance in the development of suicidal tendencies. On the other hand, many provocative external factors affect the emergence of suicidality.ObjectivesThe paper discusses the influence of several variables on the occurrence of suicidal tendencies: type of mental disorder, kind of crime, length of hospitalization, stigmatization and social and family acceptance.MethodThe retrospective study included 160 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, paranoid psychosis and mood disorders in the period since 2005 to 2009. The research is related to the relationship of “social isolation” of these patients and suicidal tendencies.ResultsThe results showed that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibit the highest degree of suicidality 67, 5%. Criminal offense into the family, long hospitalization, the stigmatization of patients and not accepting of the social environment, particularly of the family are the factors that contribute to suicidality.ConclusionMisunderstanding and avoidance of the patients from the social environment and especially from the family is a common characteristic of these patients. This causes the feeling of worthlessness, rejection and helplessness. The sense of further life for them doesn’t exist. If we look at suicide as a revenge and punishment of others, than suicidality of this group of mental illness people is a good example of that.


1956 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
Kent Geiger

There is general agreement among Western scholars that the modern totalitarian state is distinguished in part by its possession of a unitary and systematically elaborated ideology. While it will be found that expert opinions vary considerably in regard to the importance of the role played by ideology in the origin and continuation of totalitarianism, there is little question but that the ruling power of the totalitarian society is not indifferent to the relationship between national ideology and popular attitudes. Indeed, history shows that the rulers of twentieth-century totalitarian states have devoted considerable effort to the development among their citizenries of attitudes of acceptance toward the social philosophies and goals associated with their regimes.


Author(s):  
Anatoly J. Ryzhenkov ◽  

Introduction. The article proposes supplementing the system of principles of family law with a new doctrinal principle – the principle of responsibility for violations of family law. Theoretical analysis. The article explores scientific ideas about the system of principles of family law, the features of family legal responsibility, the relationship of protection measures and liability measures in family law. Result. The article concludes that only the sanctions of the moral nature should be attributed to the family-legal sanctions. Property sanctions (compensation for non-pecuniary damage, disinheritance, recovery of losses) are of a civil nature, although they reflect the specifics of family relations. In addition to specific sanctions, the essence of family law liability lies in the special composition of the subjects of these sanctions, as well as the special procedures under which they are subject to application.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Kieran James ◽  
Richie Bain ◽  
Norman Duncan ◽  
Michael Martin ◽  
James Mole ◽  
...  

The basis of the ethical dilemma discussed in this article is the controversy surrounding the personal relationship between a student and their lecturer. The social constructs of university highlight that the potential for any friendship or relationship within the institution is very uncommon and both parties usually assume that integration of their social groups cannot take place. Many people argue that the relationship of this nature can adversely affect grade attainment and fairness of judgement. We assess and reflect upon the merits of this conventional view by drawing upon a real-life case-study involving the first author (a lecturer) and the remaining six authors (his students). After considering the various arguments on both sides, and drawing upon authors such as Freud, Marx, and Sartre, we conclude that, if individuals remain honest, the relationship can only mean a greater understanding for the student and a lesser alienation complex for both parties.


2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Aris Yaman

Patent is one of the lever factors in improving the nation's competitiveness. A reward to an inventor is one way that can be taken to increase the productivity and patent development in Indonesia. The social network analysis on the relationship of co-invention and registered patents can identify inventing actors who deserves the award. Joko Waluyo obtained an actor who is considered central to the co-invention social network relationships of registered patents in LIPI. It is based on the high value of betweeness and closeness to the node Joko Waluyo. In addition, it was found that the prolific inventor does not always mean a central actor in the social network.


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