The effect of supplementation with starch on the voluntary intake of straw and the flux of water from the rumen of sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 190-190
Author(s):  
E.M. Nengomasha ◽  
D. Fikrernariam ◽  
F.D.DeB. Hovell ◽  
S. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Water Flux ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

The literature suggests that supplementation of fibrous roughages with small amounts of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates can increase intake. A wide range of supplements has been used such as sugar beet pulp, (Silva, 1985), barley (Chimwano et al, 1976), maize starch (Huque, 1991) or sucrose (Campling et al, 1962). It has been suggested that one of the positive effects of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates on poor quality roughages is to provide extra fermentable organic matter, thereby enhancing microbial activity and fermentation of the less readily degradable components of the roughage. Thus Chappel and Fontenot (1968) used an 8 per cent concentrate inclusion with a roughage-based diet, and observed higher cellulose digestibility than without supplementation. We have suggested (Hovell et al 1988) that the outflow from the rumen of undegraded roughage residues is driven by salivary flow, rumen VFA levels stimulating saliva production during rumination. In this case, at least part of the effect of starchy concentrates on stimulating intake would be through a stimulation of rumen outflow. This hypothesis would seem to have been confirmed by the observations of Huque (1991) who supplemented a basal straw diet with maize starch (10, 20 or 30%) and observed an increased intake and rumen outflow with the lower levels of supplementation.The objective of the experiment described here was to study the effect of the addition of starch to a straw diet on voluntary intake and rumen parameters including the dynamics of water flux.

Voluntary intake, digestibility and rate of passage of a hay and a silage fed to horses and to cattle

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
B. McLean ◽  
A. Afzalzadeh ◽  
L. Bates ◽  
R.W. Mayes ◽  
F.D.DeB. Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Adequate Nutrient

It is well established that the intake and digestibility of roughages by ruminants is positively correlated with rate of passage (ARC, 1980), presumably to enable as complete a microbial degradation of the poorer roughages as possible. On the other hand hind gut fermenters such as horses have been thought to have adopted the alternative strategy of using a high rate of passage to ‘cream’ off the rapidly degradable material of poor quality roughages so as to maintain adequate nutrient intakes. Surprisingly, there are remarkably few actual comparisons between ruminants and hindgut fermenters in the literature. Traditionally dried roughages (hay) and cereal and ‘by-product concentrates’ have been used as horse feeds (grains, brans sugar beet pulp). Recently there has been more interest in the use of silages with horses (eg Smoulders and Hobiers, 1988). However the information as to the utilisation of silages by horses is limited.

An investigation into whether a significant correlation exists between feed pH and faecal pH of horses fed a variety of different diets

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 211-213
Author(s):  
R Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Faecal Ph

Previous work has shown that an increase in readily fermentable carbohydrates (CHO) in the diet of pigs is reflected by a decrease in faecal pH (Canh et al., 1998). It is well documented that a similar increase in CHO in the diet of equids is reflected by a decrease in caecal pH (McLean et al., 2000). Little work has been undertaken to determine if such a relationship exists in equids or indeed if there is a correlation between dietary pH and faecal pH.The feed pH and faecal pH of six groups, each of 8 horses, receiving a variety of diets were examined. The dietary groups covered a wide range of feeds from purely forage based to predominantly concentrate based. Diet 1 consisted of 100% Hay (Hy), diet 2 of 100% grass (Gr), diet 3 of a 70:30 mix of Haylage (Hg) and grass (Gr): stud nuts, diet 4 of a 50:50 mix of haylage and competition mix, diet 5 a 30:70 mix of haylage to race mix and diet 6 a 60:40 mix of haylage, alfalfa and sugar beet pulp: rolled oats.

Voluntary intake, digestibility and rate of passage of a hay and a silage fed to horses and to cattle

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 164-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. McLean ◽  
A. Afzalzadeh ◽  
L. Bates ◽  
R.W. Mayes ◽  
F.D.DeB. Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Adequate Nutrient

It is well established that the intake and digestibility of roughages by ruminants is positively correlated with rate of passage (ARC, 1980), presumably to enable as complete a microbial degradation of the poorer roughages as possible. On the other hand hind gut fermenters such as horses have been thought to have adopted the alternative strategy of using a high rate of passage to ‘cream’ off the rapidly degradable material of poor quality roughages so as to maintain adequate nutrient intakes. Surprisingly, there are remarkably few actual comparisons between ruminants and hindgut fermenters in the literature. Traditionally dried roughages (hay) and cereal and ‘by-product concentrates’ have been used as horse feeds (grains, brans sugar beet pulp). Recently there has been more interest in the use of silages with horses (eg Smoulders and Hobiers, 1988). However the information as to the utilisation of silages by horses is limited.

The Effects of Technology Supports on Community Grocery Shopping Skills for Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 016264342198997
Author(s):  
Sojung Jung ◽  
Ciara Ousley ◽  
David McNaughton ◽  
Pamela Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In this meta-analytic review, we investigated the effects of technology supports on the acquisition of shopping skills for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) between the ages of 5 and 24. Nineteen single-case experimental research studies, presented in 15 research articles, met the current study’s inclusion criteria and the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) standards. An analysis of potential moderators was conducted, and we calculated effect sizes using Tau-U to examine the impact of age, diagnosis, and type of technology on the reported outcomes for the 56 participants. The results from the included studies provide evidence that a wide range of technology interventions had a positive impact on shopping performance. These positive effects were seen for individuals across a wide range of ages and disability types, and for a wide variety of shopping skills. The strongest effect sizes were observed for technologies that provided visual supports rather than just auditory support. We provide an interpretation of the findings, implications of the results, and recommended areas for future research.

scholarly journals Enhanced Bilosomal Properties Resulted in Optimum Pharmacological Effects by Increased Acidification Pathways

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Armin Mooranian ◽  
Thomas Foster ◽  
Corina M Ionescu ◽  
Daniel Walker ◽  
Melissa Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Recent studies in our laboratory have shown that some bile acids, such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), can exert cellular protective effects when encapsulated with viable β-cells via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress mechanisms. However, to explore their full potential, formulating such bile acids (that are intrinsically lipophilic) can be challenging, particularly if larger doses are required for optimal pharmacological effects. One promising approach is the development of nano gels. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine biological effects of various concentrations of CDCA using various solubilising nano gel systems on encapsulated β-cells. Methods: Using our established cellular encapsulation system, the Ionic Gelation Vibrational Jet Flow technology, a wide range of CDCA β-cell capsules were produced and examined for morphological, biological, and inflammatory profiles. Results and Conclusion: Capsules’ morphology and topographic characteristics remained similar, regardless of CDCA or nano gel concentrations. The best pharmacological, anti-inflammatory, and cellular respiration, metabolism, and energy production effects were observed at high CDCA and nano gel concentrations, suggesting dose-dependent cellular protective and positive effects of CDCA when incorporated with high loading nano gel.

The role of organizational culture in the knowledge management process

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ling-hsing Chang ◽  
Tung-Ching Lin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to focus on the enhancement of knowledge management (KM) performance and the relationship between organizational culture and KM process intention of individuals because of the diversity of organizational cultures (which include results-oriented, tightly controlled, job-oriented, closed system and professional-oriented cultures). Knowledge is a primary resource in organizations. If firms are able to effectively manage their knowledge resources, then a wide range of benefits can be reaped such as improved corporate efficiency, effectiveness, innovation and customer service. Design/methodology/approach – The survey methodology, which has the ability to enhance generalization of results (Dooley, 2001), was used to collect the data utilized in the testing of the research hypotheses. Findings – Results- and job-oriented cultures have positive effects on employee intention in the KM process (creation, storage, transfer and application), whereas a tightly controlled culture has negative effects. Research limitations/implications – However, it would have been better to use a longitudinal study to collect useful long-term data to understand how the KM process would be influenced when organizational culture dimensions are changed through/by management. This is the first limitation of this study. According to Mason and Pauleen (2003), KM culture is a powerful predictor of individual knowledge-sharing behavior, which is not included in this study. Thus, this is the second limitation of this paper. Moreover, national culture could be an important issue in the KM process (Jacks et al., 2012), which is the third limitation of this paper for not comprising it. Practical implications – In researchers’ point of view, results- and job-oriented cultures have positive effects, whereas a tightly controlled culture has a negative effect on the KM process intention of the individual. These findings provide evidences that challenge the perspective of Kayworth and Leidner (2003) on this issue. As for practitioners, management has a direction to modify their organizational culture to improve the performance of KM process. Social implications – Both behavioral and value perspectives of the organizational cultural dimensions (results-oriented, tightly control, job-oriented, sociability, solidarity, need for achievement and democracy) should be examined to ascertain their effects firstly on KM culture and then on the KM process intention of the individual. It is hoped that the current study will spawn future investigations that lead to the development of an integrated model which includes organizational culture, KM culture and the KM process intention of the individual. Originality/value – The results-oriented, loosely controlled and job-oriented cultures will improve the effectiveness of the KM process and will also increase employees’ satisfaction and willingness to stay with the organization.

Improving the Delivery of Prenatal Care and Outcomes of Pregnancy: A Randomized Trial of Nurse Home Visitation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Olds ◽  
Charles R. Henderson ◽  
Robert Tatelbaum ◽  
Robert Chamberlin
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Home Visitation ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Support Person ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Nurse Home ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range

We evaluated a comprehensive program of prenatal and postpartum nurse home visitation. The program was designed to prevent a wide range of health and developmental problems in children born to primiparous women who were either teenagers, unmarried, or of low socioeconomic status. During pregnancy, women who were visited by nurses, compared with women randomly assigned to comparison groups, became aware of more community services; attended childbirth classes more frequently; made more extensive use of the nutritional supplementation program for women, infants, and children; made greater dietary improvements; reported that their babies' fathers became more interested in their pregnancies; were accompanied to the hospital by a support person during labor more frequently; reported talking more frequently to family members, friends, and service providers about their pregnancies and personal problems; and had fewer kidney infections. Positive effects of the program on birth weight and length of gestation were present for the offspring of young adolescents (<17 years of age) and smokers. In contrast to their comparison-group counterparts, young adolescents who were visited by nurses gave birth to newborns who were an average of 395 g heavier, and women who smoked and were visited by nurses exhibited a 75% reduction in the incidence of preterm delivery. (P ≤ .05 for all findings.

Influence of Sample Thickness and Capping on Characterization of Bedding Mortars from Historic Masonries by Double Punch Test (DPT)

2014 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Sassoni ◽  
Elisa Franzoni ◽  
Claudio Mazzotti
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Mortar Sample ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Punch Test ◽  
Natural Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Capping

For determination of compressive strength of bedding mortar used in historic masonries, a promising moderately-destructive technique is double punch test (DPT). DPT consists of loading prismatic samples of mortar (about 4×4×1 cm3) by means of two circular steel platens (typically 2 cm diameter) and then calculating mortar compressive strength as the ratio of the failure load to the cross section of the circular platens. In this study, the influence of mortar sample thickness and mortar sample capping on the reliability of results obtained by DPT was systematically investigated. The influence of sample thickness was assessed by comparing DPT results obtained for samples with 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm thickness with compressive strength determined by testing reference 4 cm-side cubes. Different mortars were considered (cement, lime-cement, natural hydraulic lime), in order to investigate a wide range of mortar mechanical characteristics. The influence of surface capping was evaluated on a lime-cement mortar by comparing compressive strength determined on reference cubes with strength obtained by DPT on proper samples, without capping and after capping with rubber, gypsum and cement. The results of the study indicate that sample thickness substantially influences mortar compressive strength determined by DPT, which may vary by up to three times depending on sample thickness. A good estimation of the actual mortar compressive strength was obtained when samples with thickness similar to the loading platens diameter were tested, which suggests that choosing the size of the loading platens for DPT based on the thickness of mortar joints under investigation may be an effective way for obtaining reliable estimations. As for the influence of surface capping, in those cases where no mortar sample regularization is possible, because of the poor quality of the mortar, the results of the study indicate that sample capping actually seems necessary in order to avoid significant underestimations of mortar compressive strength. Considering the higher practicality offered by gypsum with respect to rapid-setting cement for surface capping, the use of gypsum seems preferable.

Impact of Silica Nanoparticles on the Heterotrophic Denitrification

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Lin Ying ◽  
Li Na ◽  
Yu Yang Zhou ◽  
Yin Jun
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Power Laser ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Denitrification Process

Silica nanoparticles (Si NPs) have a wide range of uses in semiconductors, battery cathode material, and high power laser source materials. However, Si NPs would flow into the wastewater treatment inevitably, and then potentially harmful interactions can occur between nanoparticles and wastewater systems, especially in denitrification process. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of Si NPs on nitrate nitrogen removal under anaerobic conditions by employing activated sludge. Our data demonstrates that Si NPs had positive effects on denitrification at the beginning and did not display any measurable effect on nitrite nitrogen removal at the concentration of 100 mg/L and below. The denitrification process was elucidated by using the first-order reaction kinetics equation. This study provided useful data for understanding the effects of Si NPs on wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Создание гибридов сверхсахарной кукурузы с высоким уровнем антиоксидантной активности с использованием тест-системы на основе стабильного радикала DPPH

2016 ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
В. В. Поздняков ◽  
Ю. В. Харченко ◽  
Л. Я. Харченко ◽  
О. В. Анцыферова
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Canning Industry

Гибриды сахарной и сверхсахарной кукурузы являются хорошим сырьем для производства функциональных пищевых продуктов, в том числе диетического и детского питания. Важными показателями высокого качества этих продуктов являются повышенное содержание белка и ценного масла, незначительное количество плохо усвояемого кукурузного крахмала и высокое содержание антиоксидантов, а также отменные вкусовые качества. В работе представлены данные по оценке антиоксидантной активности большой группы новых перспективных гибридов сверхсахарной кукурузы среднеспелой группы, созданных с целью получения ценных источников сырья для консервной промышленности. Значения показателя общей антиоксидантной активности варьировали в широком интервале значений (от 31,8 % до 60,4 %, 568,4–1008 мкг/г семян), что указывает на перспективность использования этого важного биохимического параметра в селекции сверхсахарной кукурузы на качество. Hybrids of excess sugar maize are good raw material for the production of functional food products, including baby food and diet. Important indicators of high quality of these products are high protein content and a valuable oil, a small amount of poorly digestible maize starch and a high content of antioxidants, and also excellent taste qualities. The paper presents data on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of a large group of promising new hybrids of excess sugar maize of mid-group created in order to obtain valuable raw materials for the canning industry. Index value of total antioxidant activity varied over a wide range (from 31,8 % to 60,4 %, 568,4–1,008 mg/g of seed), which indicates on promising use of this important parameter in the breeding of biochemical excess sugar maize on quality.

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