Maternal effects and Chicken Growth

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
J. H. Catterall ◽  
G. E. Pollott
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Female Line ◽  
Male Line ◽  
Commercial Breeding

Previous research into the genetics of broiler traits in a commercial breeding operation found a significant maternal effect on juvenile body weight, at 32 days of age, in addition to the additive genetic effect (Morris and Pollott, 1995). Since no nurture or imitative behaviour occurs between the dam and offspring in modem broiler production, any maternal effects are likely to be conferred to the offspring via the egg. This study attempts to investigate the nature of these effects.Pedigreed eggs from two separate broiler breeding lines, one experimental male line and one experimental female line, were individually weighed prior to incubation. In total 2871 eggs were weighed, 1887 eggs from the experimental female line and 984 eggs from experimental male line.

Maternal effects and Chicken Growth

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
J. H. Catterall ◽  
G. E. Pollott
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Female Line ◽  
Male Line ◽  
Commercial Breeding

Previous research into the genetics of broiler traits in a commercial breeding operation found a significant maternal effect on juvenile body weight, at 32 days of age, in addition to the additive genetic effect (Morris and Pollott, 1995). Since no nurture or imitative behaviour occurs between the dam and offspring in modem broiler production, any maternal effects are likely to be conferred to the offspring via the egg. This study attempts to investigate the nature of these effects.Pedigreed eggs from two separate broiler breeding lines, one experimental male line and one experimental female line, were individually weighed prior to incubation. In total 2871 eggs were weighed, 1887 eggs from the experimental female line and 984 eggs from experimental male line.

scholarly journals Genetic and nongenetic factors influencing ewe prolificacy and lamb body weight in a closed Romanov flock

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W Murphy ◽  
John W Keele ◽  
Brad A Freking
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients

Abstract The U.S. Meat Animal Research Center was the first entity in the United States to import the Romanov breed and it has been maintained as a closed flock for over 30 yr. Incorporating this super-prolific breed into crossbred and composite populations has resulted in large improvements in ewe productivity. However, few have quantified factors contributing to genetic and nongenetic variation in ewe reproduction and lamb growth within purebred Romanov populations, which were the objectives of this study. The pedigree contained a total of 8,683 lambs born to 218 and 1,600 unique sires and dams, respectively. Number of lambs born on a per ewe exposed (NLBE) and lambing (NLBL) basis were analyzed in univariate repeatability animal models. As expected, the proportion of phenotypic variance (σP2) in litter size attributable to additive genetic (0.06 to 0.08) and permanent environmental (0.05 to 0.07) effects of the ewe was low. The service sire permanent environmental effect contributed to a small but significant amount of σP2 in NLBE (0.03) but not NLBL. However, the service sire additive genetic effect did not influence σP2 in NLBE or NLBL. Lamb body weight was recorded at birth (BWB) and upon weaning from either milk replacer (~30 d; BWW-N) or their dam (~60 d; BWW-D) and were analyzed in a three-trait model with random additive direct and maternal effects. Estimated direct heritabilities were low for all body weight (BW) traits (0.07 to 0.10). Maternal heritability was moderate for BWB (0.34) but low for weaning BW (0.11 to 0.18). This was the first to report direct and maternal genetic correlations between BW of nursery- and dam-reared lambs, and both were estimated to be moderate (0.43 to 0.47). Additionally, the direct and maternal effects of BWB were more strongly correlated with BWW-N (0.74 to 0.82) than BWW-D (0.17 to 0.33). Despite inbreeding coefficients having increased at a rate of 0.33% per birth year (1986 to 2019) in this flock, they were not consistently associated with reductions in ewe or lamb performance. Parameter estimates generally agreed with those from less-prolific breeds, and results indicate that selection can be an effective means of improving subcomponents of ewe productivity.

MATERNAL EFFECTS ON LITTER SIZE IN MICE

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Selection Experiment ◽  
Constant Number ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Adult Body Weight

An extensive set of data from a selection experiment for 12-day litter weight in mice was analyzed to determine whether standardizing litter size to a constant number at 5 days of age removed the negative environmental maternal effect (acting through adult body weight of the daughter) on litter size. The regression of daughters' litter size on dams' litter size was 0.070 ± 0.013 (d.f. = 851), which was partitioned into a relatively large direct additive genetic effect (0.067) and a negligible environmental maternal effect (0.003). Evidence is also presented that a positive genetic maternal effect influences litter size, which is probably mediated through adult body weight.

scholarly journals Analisis Bobot Badan dan Karakteristik Semen Ayam Gaok Terseleksi Generasi ke-6

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komarudin Komarudin ◽  
Tike Sartika ◽  
Tatan Kostaman ◽  
Soni Sopiyana ◽  
Hasnelly Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Line ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Male Line ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Live Sperm ◽  
Semen Characteristic

ABSTRAK. Ayam Gaok merupakan salah satu rumpun ayam lokal yang memiliki potensi besar dikembangkan. Balai Penelitian Ternak (Balitnak) telah melakukan program seleksi pada ayam Gaok untuk menghasilkan bibit ayam lokal pedaging yang dipanen umur 10 minggu dan dapat dijadikan galur jantan (male line) yang akan disilangkan dengan ayam KUB yang merupakan galur betina (female line). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bobot badan dan karakteristik semen ayam Gaok generasi ke-6 yang dipelihara di Balitnak. Sebanyak 211 ekor anak ayam Gaok umur satu hari dari generasi ke-6 dipelihara pada kandang koloni pada masa starter dan grower. Ayam dewasa dipelihara pada kandang individu. Pakan dan air minum diberikan ad libitum. Bobot badan ayam jantan dan betina pada umur 10 minggu masing-masing 1.075,26 ± 156,55 g (KK= 14,56 %) dan 868,25 ± 109,34 g (KK= 12,59 %). Rerata bobot badan jantan dan betina sudah mulai berbeda nyata (P0,05) pada saat ayam berumur lima minggu. Konsumsi dan konversi pakan sampai umur 10 minggu yakni masing-masing 2.801,61 g dan 2,99. Bobot badan ayam jantan dan betina pada umur 20 minggu masing-masing 2.354,01 ± 280,06 (KK= 11,90%) dan 1.646,5 ± 205,97 g (KK= 12,51%). Volume semen, konsentrasi, motilitas dan persentase sperma hidup ayam Gaok jantan pada umur delapan bulan masing-masing sebesar 0,4 ml, 3.927 × 106, 57,22 dan 62,5%. Bobot badan ayam Gaok umur 10 minggu menunjukkan hasil baik dengan variasi yang cukup seragam. Kuantitas dan kualitas semen ayam Gaok tergolong normal.  (Analysis of body weight and semen characteristic of 6th generation selected gaok chicken) ABSTRACT. Gaok chicken is one of local breed chicken which potentially to be developed. Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) have been executed selection program on Gaok chicken to obtain meat type local chicken which is harvested on 10 weeks old age and can be made as male line to be crossed with KUB chicken which is the female line. The objective of this study was to observe growth of body weight and characteristics of semen of Gaok chicken 6th generation which are raised in IRIAP. A number of 211 DOC Gaok chicken 6th generation were raised in colony cage in starter and grower periods. Mature chickens were kept in individual cages. Feed and water were given ad libitum. Body weight male and female at 10 weeks were 1,075.26 ±156.55 g (CV=14,56 %) and 868.25 ± 109.34 g (CV=12,59 %) respectively. Body weight on male and female were started significantly differ from five weeks (P0.05). Feed consumption and conversion for 10 weeks were 2,901.61 g and 2.99, respectively. Body weight male and female at 20 weeks were 2,354.01 ± 280.06 g (CV=11,90 %) and 1,646.5 ± 205.97 g (CV=12,51 %) respectively. Semen volume, concentration, motility and proportion of live sperm of male Gaok chicken were 0.4 ml, 3,927 × 106, 57,22 % and 62.5 %, respectively. 10th week body weight of Gaok chicken showed good results with uniform variation. Quantity and quality of Gaok chicken semen belonged to be normal.

scholarly journals Estimates of (co)variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits in Suffolk lambs

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2215-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Regina Tamioso ◽  
Jaime Luiz Alberti Filho ◽  
Laila Talarico Dias ◽  
Rodrigo de Almeida Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Estimate Heritability ◽  
Heritability Estimates

The study aimed to estimate the components of (co)variance and heritability for weights at birth (BW), weaning (WW) and 180 days of age (W180), as well as the average daily gains from birth to weaning (ADG1), birth to 180 days of age (ADG2) and weaning to 180 days of age (ADG3) in Suffolk sheep. Thus, three different single-trait animal models were fitted, considering the direct additive genetic effect (Model 1), the direct additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects (Model 2), and in Model 3, in addition to those in Model 2, the maternal additive genetic effect was included. After comparing models through the likelihood ratio test (LRT), model 3 was chosen as the most appropriate to estimate heritability for BW, WW and ADG1. Model 2 was considered as the best to estimate the coefficient of heritability for W180 and ADG2, and model 1 for ADG3. Direct heritability estimates were inflated when maternal effects were ignored. According to the most suitable models, the heritability estimates for BW, WW, W180, ADG1, ADG2 and ADG3 were 0.06, 0.08, 0.09, 0.07, 0.08 and 0.07, respectively, indicating low possibility of genetic gain through individual selection. The results show the importance of including maternal effects in the models to properly estimate genetic parameters even at post-weaning ages.

scholarly journals Maternal effect on sports performance traits in horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 361-365
Author(s):  
Tomasz Próchniak ◽  
Iwona Rozempolska-Rucińska ◽  
Grzegorz Zięba
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
High Effect ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Covariance Components ◽  
Variance And Covariance Components ◽  
Young Horses

The aim of the study was to estimate the direct additive genetic effect and the additive maternal effect on the level of traits estimated during the Polish Jumping Championships for Young Horses. The investigations involved 541 stallions and 353 mares, which in total started in the Championships 1232 times. Variance and covariance components were estimated using the Gibbs sampling method. Heritability (h<sup>2</sup>) and repeatability (r<sup>2</sup>) coefficients as well as maternal effects (m<sup>2</sup>) were calculated for 7 sports performance traits. There was an additive maternal effect, ranging from 0.11 to 0.39, on the level of traits assessed based on achieved scores. The effect was particularly high in the case of traits the level of which was determined by the animal organism performance and stress resistance. It was also noted that the value of the maternal effect in some traits was similar or higher than the coefficient of heritability, which may indicate a high effect of the mare’s specific environment in determining sport predispositions in the offspring. There is a need to analyse the cause of trait variability in other equestrian disciplines.

Relative Importance of Additive Genetic and Maternal Sources of Variation in Early Survival of Young Splake Hybrids (Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush)

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1499-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Burton Ayles
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

Additive genetic and maternal effects of survival of uneyed eggs, eyed eggs, and alevins were determined from five series of matings within a splake brood stock. Average values for family h2 (heritability) and family m (maternal variance/total variance) were estimated. There were additive genetic effects in alevin survival (h2 =.41 ±.18) but not in uneyed or eyed egg survival. Maternal effects were greatest within the uneyed stage (m =.78 ±.22), decreased during the eyed egg stage (m =.68 ±.24), and were least within the alevin stage (.40 ±.19). The additive genetic effect on alevin survival was attributable to genetic differences in the resistance of young splake to blue sac disease (h2 =.76 ±.28).

scholarly journals Estimation of (co)variance components and genetic parameters for weights of red-winged tinamou using random regression models

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tholon ◽  
S.A. Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
First Eigenvalue ◽  
Permanent Effect

The objective of this work was to determine genetic parameters for body weight of tinamou in captivity. It was used random regression models in analyses of data by considering the direct additive genetic (DA) and permanent environmental effects of the animal (PE) as random effects. Residual variances were modeled by using a fifth-order variance function. The mean population growth curve was fitted by sixth-order Legendre orthogonal polynomials. Direct additive genetic effects and animal environmental permanent effect were modeled by using Legendre polynomials of order two to nine. The best results were obtained by models with orders of fit of 6 for direct additive genetic effect and of order 3 for permanent effect by Akaike information criterion and of order 3 for both additive genetic effect and permanent effect by Schwarz Bayesian information criterion and likelihood ratio test. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.02 to 0.57. The first eigenvalue explained 94% and 90% of the variation from additive direct and permant environmental effects, respectively. Selection of tinamou for body weight is more effective after 112 days of age.

scholarly journals Genetic maternal effects contributes to the risk of Tourette’s disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrang Mahjani ◽  
Lambertus Klei ◽  
Christina M. Hultman ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Sven Sandin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Swedish Medical ◽  
The Individual

AbstractBackgroundRisk for Tourette’s and related tic disorders (CTD) derives from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While multiple studies have demonstrated the importance of direct additive genetic variation for CTD, little is known about the role of cross-generational transmission of genetic risks, such as maternal effects. Here, we partition sources of variation on CTD risk into direct additive genetic effect and maternal effects.MethodsThe study population consists of 2,522,677 individuals from the Swedish Medical Birth Register, born in Sweden between January 1, 1982, to December 31, 1990, and followed for a diagnosis of CTD through December 31, 2013.ResultsWe identified 6,227 (0.25%) individuals in the birth cohort diagnosed with CTD. Using generalized linear mixed models, we estimated 4.7% (95% CrI, 4.4%-4.8%) genetic maternal effects, 0.5% (95% CrI, 0.2%-7%) environmental maternal effects, and 61% (95% CrI, 59%-63%) direct additive genetic effects. Around 1% of genetic maternal effects were due to maternal effects from the individual with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate genetic maternal effects contributing to the risk of CTD in offspring and also highlight new sources of overlapping risk between CTD and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

scholarly journals Genetic evaluation of body weight traits in Iranian native Ghezel sheep

Genetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Baneh ◽  
J. Ahmadpanah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Maternal Heritability ◽  
Genetic Trends

The aim of the current study was to estimate genetic parameters and trends for body weight traits at different ages in Ghezel lambs. Traits included were birth weight (BW), 3-month weight (3MW), 6-month weight (6MW), 9-month weight (9MW), and yearling weight (YW). Data and pedigree information used in the present study were collected at the Breeding Station of Ghezel sheep during 1986-2009. (Co) variance components were estimated using REML procedure and breeding values of animals were predicted with Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) methodology under univariate analysis. Three different animal models were fitted. The models consisted of the direct additive genetic effect but differed in combinations of maternal additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. Genetic trends for each trait were obtained by regressing the means of predicted breeding values on year of birth. The estimates of direct heritability were 0.285, 0.371, 0.388, 0.450 and 0.179, respectively. Also, the maternal heritability was estimated 0.113, 0.031, 0.021 and 0.030 for BW, WW, 6MW and 9MW, respectively. Direct genetic trends were positive and significant for BW, WW, 6MW (p<0.01), 9MW and YW (p<0.05) and were obtained 2.34, 46.20, 55.11, 33.40 and 24.01 (g/year), respectively. Also, maternal trends for BW, WW, 6MW and YW were positive and highly significant (p<0.01) and were 3.37, 17.05, 12.56 and 16.30 (g/year), respectively. The results indicated that considering maternal effects in the statistical model make accurate estimates of genetic parameters. Also, improvement of growth traits in Ghezel sheep seems to be likely in selection programs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document