The effect of concentrate level on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows offered mixed forage diets

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
A. K. Jones ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
D. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Forage Mixtures

The increasing interest in the potential of forage mixtures for milk production in the UK resulted in a three year study being commissioned at the Centre for Dairy Research by the Milk Marketing Board. Year 1 compared the effect on forage intake and yield of milk and milk constituents of replacing grass silage (GS) with either fodder beet (FB), urea-treated (4%) (UW) or fermented whole-crop wheat (FW) or brewers grains (BG) at 330 g/kg of forage DM or maize silage at either 330 (MS) or 750 (MSH) g/kg forage DM. All cows received 6 kg DM/day of an appropriate concentrate so that dietary crude protein (CP) was equalised. Tire use of forage mixtures significantly increased DM intake and milk yield. Significant changes were also recorded in milk quality. Milk fat content was depressed by BG and MSH but increased by FB, while MS and FB increased milk protein content when compared with GS. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of concentrate level on feed intake and milk production of Friesian cows offered a forage ration of either GS or mixtures of GS and either 330 g/kg forage DM of MS, FB or BG, or 750 g/kg forage DM of maize silage (MSH).

Forage mixtures for dairy cows: the effect on dry-matter intake and milk production of incorporating either fermented or urea-treated whole-crop wheat, brewers' grains, fodder beet or maize silage into diets based on grass silage

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
B. A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Forage Mixtures

AbstractOne hundred and two multiparous Holstein/Friesian dairy coivs were used to examine the effect on food intake and milk production of replacing 330 g/kg dry matter (DM) of first-cut perennial ryegrass silage (GS) with either fermented (FW) or urea (40 g/kg DM) treated (UW) whole-crop wheat, brewers' grains (BG), fodder beet (FB) or maize silage (MS). A forage mixture containing GS and 750 g/kg DM of maize silage (MSH) was also offered. Dietary crude protein (CP) concentrations were equalized by offering all cows 6 kg DM per day of an appropriate concentrate supplement. DM intake and milk yield of cows offered GS (15·3, 23·0 kg/day) were increased (F < 0·01) by the inclusion of BG (16·3, 26·7 kg/day), FB (17·6, 25·9 kg/day), MS (16·6, 26·4 kg/day) and MSH (18·5, 27·6 kg/day). BG, FB and MS all produced similar increases in milk yield. Although the inclusion of FW and UW increased (F < 0·05) DM intake, milk yield was not significantly affected. The differences between the highest and lowest milk fat concentration, produced by FB (42·9 g/kg) and BG (40·1 g/kg) respectively, and the highest and lowest milk protein concentration produced by FB (32·1 g/kg) and GS (29·9 g/kg) respectively, were statistically significant (F < 0·001). Milk fat and protein yields of cows offered GS (0·97, 0·71 kg/day) were increased (F < 0·01) by BG (1·07, 0·82 kg/day), FB (1·11, 0·83 kg/day), MS (1·11, 0·83 kg/day) and MSH (1·12, 0·88 kg/day). Intermediate values were recorded for FW (1·01, 0·72 kg/day) or UW (1·00, 0·73 kg/day). Results show that farmers should consider replacing a major part of the grass silage component with an alternative forage or forage substitute.

The effect of two liquid feed additives on feed intake and milk production in lactating dairy cattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
A. K. Jones ◽  
P. Holder
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
By Products

Earlier studies at the Centre for Dairy Research have examined the effect on feed intake and milk production of a range of by-products used in a total mixed ration (TMR) based on maize silage. These studies showed that distillers grains and molassed sugar beet feed (MSBF) could be used to replace cereal and protein supplements, with no effect on milk yield and dry matter (DM) intake but with a large reduction in milk fat and a little change in milk protein content. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect on feed intake and milk production of lactating dairy cows offered a TMR in which Stockmol 20, a molasses supplement (92 g/kg DM crude protein and 12.3 MJ ME/kg DM) and Regumaize 44, a high protein molasses urea based liquid (440 g/kg DM crude protein and 10.7 MJ ME/kg DM) were used to replace conventional energy and protein sources.

scholarly journals PSX-8 Effects of dietary concentrate level and limited feed access on feed intake and performance by lactating Alpine dairy goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 455-456
Author(s):  
Luana P Ribeiro ◽  
Ryszard Puchala ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Raquel V Lourencon ◽  
Arthur L Goetsch
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Concentrate Level

Abstract The objective was to determine if effects of different limited feed access treatments on performance by lactating Alpine dairy goats vary with dietary concentrate level. Primiparous (29; 55.2±0.8 kg BW) and multiparous Alpine goats (29; 70.2±1.06 kg) were used in a 24-wk study of 3 8-wk phases beginning at 7.1±0.37 d after kidding. Diets of 40 or 60% concentrate (40C and 60C, respectively) were offered free choice in Calan gate feeders, with access continuously (CON), for 8 h between morning and afternoon milkings (DAY), or for 2 h after each milking (FRH). Although there were many interactions involving phase, ADG during the entire study was greater for CON vs. FRH (P &lt; 0.05; -20, -41, and -61 g for CON, DAY, and FRH, respectively; SEM = 8.6). Intake of DM also was greater for CON than for FRH (P &lt; 0.05; 2.17, 2.03, 2.01, 2.29, 2.07, and 1.80 kg/d for 40C-CON, 40C-DAY, 40C-FRH, 60C-CON, 60C-DAY, and 60C-FRH, respectively; SEM=0.093). There were interactions (P &lt; 0.02) between concentrate level and access treatment in milk yield (2.55, 2.41, 2.61, 3.21, 2.66, and 2.27 kg/d; SEM=0.103) and protein concentration (2.65, 2.55, 2.60, 2.67, 2.70, and 2.49%; SEM = 0.042), and milk fat concentration was greatest among treatments (P &lt; 0.05) for FRH (2.79, 2.77, 3.18, 2.86, 2.89, and 3.02% for 40C-CON, 40C-DAY, 40C-FRH, 60C-CON, 60C-DAY, and 60C-FRH, respectively; SEM=0.103). As a consequence, milk energy yield was 6.14, 5.70, 6.67, 7.83, 6.58, and 5.61 MJ/d (SEM=0.251) and the ratio of milk energy to DMI was 3.01, 2.87, 3.37, 3.47, 3.28, and 3.18 MJ/kg for 40C-CON, 40C-DAY, 40C-FRH, 60C-CON, 60C-DAY, and 60C-FRH, respectively; SEM=0.123). Overall, limited feeder access treatments did not improve performance and, in fact, the shortest access treatment increased BW loss; however, efficiency of feed DM usage for milk energy yield was not adversely impacted.

EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS FEEDING OF RAPESEED MEAL ON GROWTH OF DAIRY CALVES AND SUBSEQUENT FIRST LACTATION YIELD

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
M. E. SEALE
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Continuous Feeding

Thirty dairy heifer calves were reared from birth to calving on rations containing 0, 6.8 or 13.7% rapeseed meal in substitution for soybean meal. The level of rapeseed meal did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect feed intake, weight gain or feed efficiency of heifers up to breeding weight (330–340 kg). The level of rapeseed meal did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect reproduction or milk production during the first lactation. However, there may have been a trend for lower conception rate and milk fat production during first lactation with the higher level of rapeseed meal.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING A HIGH LEVEL OF TOWER RAPESEED MEAL IN DAIRY RATIONS ON FEED INTAKE AND MILK PRODUCTION

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
J. A. MCKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Retention ◽  
High Level

In experiment 1, 12 cows were used to compare the two (0–0) rapeseed meal (1788 and Tower) varieties with the commercial rapeseed meal (CRSM) and soybean meal (SBM). Feed intake, milk yield and fat content were not different (P > 0.05) among the four treatments; however, protein content was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed CRSM and SBM diets than for those fed the 1788–RSM diet. But more (P < 0.05) milk fat was produced by the cows fed 1788–RSM than by those fed CRSM and SBM diets. In experiment 2, eight cows were used to determine the effects of replacing SBM with Tower and also replacing a portion of Tower with urea (TU) in a mixed or extruded (TUE) form on feed intake, milk yield and nitrogen (N) retention. No differences were observed in feed consumption, milk yield or composition among the treatments. Serum thyroxine (T4) level was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed SBM than for those fed the 1788–SBM and was similar to levels for cows fed CRSM and Tower in the first experiment. However, no differences were found in thyroxine level in the second experiment. Extrusion of Tower–urea mixture increased (P < 0.05) the N retention compared with other treatments. These short-term studies suggest that up to 25% Tower RSM can be used in dairy rations without adverse effect on performance.

Effect of feeding hay vs. silages of various types to dairy cows on feed intake, milk composition and coagulation properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
Elisa Manzocchi ◽  
Werner Hengartner ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Katrin Giller
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rennet Coagulation

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypotheses (1) that milk produced from hay-fed cows differs from that of silage-fed cows and (2) that silage type has an important impact, too. Four diets differing in forage type but with equal estimated milk production potential and a forage:concentrate ratio of 0.85 : 0.15 were compared regarding their effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk properties. The forages tested were hay, grass silage, conventional short-chopped and long-chopped maize silage subjected to a novel processing technology (Shredlage®). Twenty-four dairy cows were fed two of the four diets in two consecutive runs in an incomplete (4 × 2) Latin-square design (n = 12 per diet). Each experimental period lasted 22 d, with 12 d of adaptation and 10 d of sampling. During sampling, feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily, milk composition and coagulation properties were determined four times. The composition of the diet ingredients was analysed weekly. Data were analysed with a mixed model considering feed, period and their interaction as fixed effects. Stage of lactation, milk yield and milk composition from the pre-experimental period were used as covariates in the model. Dry matter intake was lower with the long-chopped processed maize silage compared to the other three groups. There were some diet differences in intakes of net energy for lactation and absorbable protein in the duodenum, but this did not result in changes in milk yield. The milk fat content was higher with the grassland-based diets compared to the maize silage diets. No treatment effect on milk acidity and rennet coagulation properties was observed. In conclusion, there were no indications for specific physico-chemical properties of milk from a hay-based diet, and maize processing technology was not of large effect either. Future investigations should focus on sensory differentiation of the milk produced with different forages.

Whole crop wheat: effect of crop maturity on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 146-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
J.D. Sutton ◽  
A. K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Crop Maturity

Interest in the use of whole crop cereals as a complementary forage for dairy cows has developed in Europe over the last fifteen years. Initial studies in the UK concluded that near maximum dry matter (DM) yield/ha of whole crop wheat (WCW) occurred in late July/early August when crops contained at least 500 g/kg DM. However, it was noted that when these crops were ensiled they tended to be aerobically unstable. To minimise this problem it was recommended that these crops were preserved with urea rather than being ensiled. Early studies with dairy cows demonstrated that the use of both urea-treated and low DM fermented WCW increased forage intake and milk yield but effects on milk composition were inconsistent (Leaver and Hill, 1992, Phipps et al., 1995). Concern has been expressed that the use of urea in crop preservation was environmentally unacceptable and that high DM fermented WCW offered a possible alternative, which would provide high DM yields/ha of a starch-rich crop. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of crop maturity on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows. An additional treatment was included to examine the effectiveness of an additive containing L. buchneri designed to improve aerobic stability.

Effect of timing of protein supplementation on the performance of lactating dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
B. C. Granzin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
And Control ◽  
Friesian Cows

Two experiments were undertaken to determine the effect of timing of protein supplementation on performance of grazing, lactating Holstein–Friesian cows fed maize silage and grain-based concentrate. In experiment 1, 36 cows were fed 0.8 kg DM/day of solvent-extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) either as 1 meal at 1200 hours with maize silage (CSM 1200) or at 1530 hours with concentrate (CSM 1530), or in 2 meals at 0600 and 1530 hours with concentrate (CSM 600 + 1530). In experiment 2, 36 cows were either fed no CSM (control) or fed 1.0 kg DM/day as either CSM 1200 or CSM 600 + 1530. In experiment 1, daily yields of 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) and milk fat for CSM 600 + 1530 were significantly higher than for CSM 1530 with respective means of 22.8 v. 20.7 L and 895 v. 804 g. Daily yields of FCM and milk fat for CSM 1200 were intermediate (21.7 L and 841 g/cow, respectively). A similar trend for daily protein yield per cow was noted (712, 695 and 666 g for CSM 600 + 1530, 1200 and 1530, respectively). In experiment 2, milk yield differed numerically between CSM 600 + 1530 and other treatments, with means (± s.e.d.) of 24.7 ± 0.78, 22.9 ± 0.78 and 22.9 ± 0.78 L/cow.day for CSM 600 + 1530, CSM 1200 and control, respectively. Mean (± s.e.d.) net energy requirements for milk production and liveweight change tended to be lower for the control (68 ± 3.6 MJ/cow.day) as opposed to CSM 600 + 1530 (79 ± 3.6 MJ/cow.day) and CSM 1200 (76 ± 3.6 MJ/cow.day). Cumulative time where rumen degradable nitrogen:rumen degradable dry matter was less than 22 g/kg were 2, 2 and 3 h for CSM 600 + 1530, CSM 1200 and CSM 1530, respectively, in experiment 1, and 6, 4 and 2 h for the control, 1200 and CSM 600 + 1530, respectively, in experiment 2. No differences in rumen ammonia-N concentrations were noted between treatments in experiment 1. In experiment 2, a significantly lower mean (± s.e.d.) rumen ammonia-N concentration was recorded for the control at 1530 hours (62 ± 14.1 mg/dL) in comparison to CSM 600 + 1530 (114 ± 14.1 mg/dL) and CSM 1200 (119 ± 14.1 mg/dL). These experiments show that for grazing dairy cows supplemented with maize silage and grain-based concentrate, feeding a daily aliquot of CSM as 2 meals at 0600 and 1530 hours rather than 1 meal at 1200 or 1530 hours improves milk production.

Effect on forage intake and milk production of including maize silage in early or mid lactation in dairy cow rations based on grass silage

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 144-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Phipps ◽  
R F Weller ◽  
W J Fisher ◽  
T Poole
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Current Trial ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Milk Marketing

Preliminary studies at the Bernard Weitz Centre have shown that maize silage has the potential to increase forage intake and milk production. The trend towards earlier calving, encouraged by the Milk Marketing Board pricing policy, means that maize silage may not be available for early lactation; as most farmers rely on the current seasons crop, and few carry stocks over from the previous year. The objective of the current trial was to determine the eflect on forage intake and milk production of incorporating maize silage into grass silage based rations either from early or mid-lactation.

Milk production by dairy cows fed legume grains or barley grain with or without urea as supplements to a cereal hay based diet

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
BD Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Milk production and composition was determined in Holstein-Friesian cows fed either 3.5 or 7.0 kg dry matter (DM) daily of lupin grain, pea grain, faba bean grain or barley grain with or without 1.5% added urea, as supplements to an oaten hay based diet. All the grains were hammermilled. Daily yields of milk (L), fat (kg) and protein (kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher for cows fed lupin (20.0, 0.81, 0.57), pea (18.9, 0.80, 0.56) and faba bean (18.9, 0.79,0.55) grains compared with those of cows fed barley grain with (17.8, 0.73, 0.51) or without (18.0, 0.71, 0.52) urea. Yields of milk (L), fat (kg) and protein (kg) and milk protein content (g/kg) were significantly (P<0.05) higher when 7.0 kg DM (19.5, 0.80, 0.57, 29.6) compared with 3.5 kg DM (18.0,0.73,0.51,29.0) of grain was fed. There were no significant differences between treatments in hay DM intake by cows fed 3.5 kg DM of grain daily. A significantly (P<0.05) higher milk fat production per unit DM intake was recorded for cows fed legume compared with barley grain. There were generally higher returns above grain cost for cows fed legume compared with barley grain and for cows fed 4 kg compared to 8 kg daily of grain. It was concluded that it was more economical to feed 3.5 kg DM of legume grain compared with 3.5 kg DM of barley grain, with or without urea, as supplements for cows offered cereal hay in early lactation. However, the economics of feeding 7.0 kg DM of legume grain compared with 7.0 kg DM of barley grain and 7.0 kg DM compared with 3.5 kg DM of grain will depend on the costs of relative changes in hay intake associated with these practices.

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